Peptide-based PROTAC degrader of FOXM1 suppresses cancer and decreases GLUT1 and PD-L1 expression
Open accessAbstract
Background: Peptide proteolysis-targeting chimeras (p-PROTACs) with advantages of high specificity and low toxicity have emerged as a powerful technology of targeted protein degradation for biomedical applications. FOXM1, a proliferation-associated transcription factor, is overexpressed in a variety of human tumors as a key driver of tumorigenesis and cancer progression, and is a potential anticancer therapeutic target. However, FOXM1-targeting p-PROTACs has not been researched. Methods: Here, we first analyzed the expression of FOXM1, GLUT1 and PD-L1 in liver cancer through database and clinical samples of patients. FOXM1-targeting peptides, selected by screening phage display library, are verified its targeting effect by immunofluorescence and CCK-8 test. The novel p-PROTAC degrader of FOXM1 is chemically synthesis, named FOXM1-PROTAC, by linking a FOXM1-binding antagonistic peptide, with the E3 ubiquitin ligase recruitment ligand Pomalidomide and with the cell membrane penetrating peptide TAT. Its degradation effect on FOXM1 was detected by Western blotting, qPCR, and we verified its effect on the behavior of cancer cells by flow cytometry, scratch assay, and Transwell in vitro. The tumor xenografted mice model was used for evaluating FOXM1-PROTAC therapeutic response in vivo. Finally, we detected the expression of GLUT1 and PD-L1 after FOXM1-PROTAC degraded FOXM1 by using Western Blotting and hippocampal detectors and dual immunofluorescence. Results: We found that the novel FOXM1-PROTAC efficiently entered cells and induced degradation of FOXM1 protein, which strongly inhibits viability as well as migration and invasion in various cancer cell lines, and suppressed tumor growth in HepG2 and MDA-MB-231 cells xenograft mouse models, without detected toxicity in normal tissues. Meanwhile, FOXM1-PROTAC decreased the cancer cells glucose metabolism via downregulating the protein expression levels of glucose transporter GLUT1 and the immune checkpoint PD-L1, which suggests involvement of FOXM1 in cancer cell metabolism and immune regulation. Conclusions: Our results indicate that biologically targeted degradation of FOXM1 is an attractive therapeutic strategy, and antagonist peptide-containing FOXM1-PROTACs as both degrader and inhibitor of FOXM1 could be developed as a safe and promising drug for FOXM1-overexpressed cancer therapy.
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Developing small molecule inhibitors that directly target FoxM1 is challenging due to absence of a well-defined binding site or large interaction interface.
“Developing small molecule inhibitors that directly target FoxM1 has proven challenging due to the absence of a well-defined binding site or large interaction interface.”
From Recent advances in targeting the “undruggable” proteins: from drug discovery to clinical trials (2023) · cites this paper as [513]
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- Authors
- Wang, K., Dai, X., Yu, A., Feng, C., Liu, K., & Huang, L.
- Affiliations
- Tsinghua–Berkeley Shenzhen Institute (CN)
- Corresponding author
- Huang, Laiqiang
- Venue
- Journal of Experimental & Clinical Cancer Research
- Published
- 2022-09-29
- Volume
- 41
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 289-289
- ISSN
- 0392-9078 (ISSN-L)
- 1756-9966
- PMC
- PMC9520815
- OpenAlex
- W4297521487
- Cited by
- 115
- References
- 46
- Citations by year
- 2026: 28 · 2025: 40 · 2024: 26 · 2023: 19 · 2022: 2
- FWCI
- 7.10
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Locations
- Journal of Experimental & Clinical Cancer Research (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Funders
- National Natural Science Foundation of China (81872368, 81641051)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Protein Degradation and Inhibitors
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Chemical Synthesis and Analysis
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Ubiquitin and proteasome pathways
- Keywords
- FOXM1, targeted protein degradation, GLUT1, PD-L1, glucose metabolism, cancer immunotherapy, liver cancer, breast cancer, tumor xenografts, pomalidomide, TAT peptide, tumor cell migration and invasion, tumor cell proliferation
- MeSH terms
- Forkhead Box Protein M1, Animals, Glucose, Humans, Ligands, Neoplasms, Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases, Glucose Transporter Type 1, Mice, Cell-Penetrating Peptides, Proteolysis, B7-H1 Antigen
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