Proteolysis-Targeting Chimeras as Therapeutics and Tools for Biological Discovery
Open accessAbstract
New biological tools provide new techniques to probe fundamental biological processes. Here we describe the burgeoning field of proteolysis-targeting chimeras (PROTACs), which are capable of modulating protein concentrations at a post-translational level by co-opting the ubiquitin-proteasome system. We describe the PROTAC technology and its application to drug discovery and provide examples where PROTACs have enabled novel biological insights. Furthermore, we provide a workflow for PROTAC development and use and discuss the benefits and issues associated with PROTACs. Finally, we compare PROTAC-mediated protein-level modulation with other technologies, such as RNAi and genome editing.
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The human genome is estimated to encode more than 600 E3 ligases, each with specificity for a different subset of proteins.
“The human genome is estimated to encode more than 600 E3 ligases15, each with specificity for a different subset of proteins.”
From PROTAC targeted protein degraders: the past is prologue (2022) · cites this paper as [15]
Disruption of CRL4CRBN components and the associated cullin-RING ligase machinery results in resistance to lenalidomide in multiple myeloma and lymphoma cells.
“In genome-wide genetic screens of MM cells and lymphoma cells, disruption of CRL4CRBN components and the associated cullin-RING ligase machinery was found to result in resistance to lenalidomide143–145.”
From Cancer therapies based on targeted protein degradation — lessons learned with lenalidomide (2021) · cites this paper as [143]
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Acetylation: a new target for protein degradation in cancer
Crawford, C. E. W., & Burslem, G. M. (2025) · Trends in Cancer · doi:10.1016/j.trecan.2025.01.013 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Self-citation
- Authors
- Burslem, G. M., & Crews, C. M.
- Affiliations
- Yale University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Crews, Craig M.
- Venue
- Cell
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2020-04
- Volume
- 181
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 102-114
- ISSN
- 0092-8674 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC7319047
- OpenAlex
- W3000673710
- Cited by
- 1,079
- References
- 134
- Citations by year
- 2026: 174 · 2025: 203 · 2024: 175 · 2023: 128 · 2022: 171 · 2021: 139 · 2020: 88
- FWCI
- 13.09
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
- www.elsevier.com/legal/tdmrep-license (tdm)
- www.elsevier.com/open-access/userlicense/1.0/ (vor, 366 d)
- doi.org/10.15223/policy-017 (stm-asf)
- doi.org/10.15223/policy-037 (stm-asf)
- doi.org/10.15223/policy-012 (stm-asf)
- doi.org/10.15223/policy-029 (stm-asf)
- doi.org/10.15223/policy-004 (stm-asf)
- Locations
- Cell (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- Leukemia and Lymphoma Society
- American Cancer Society
- National Institutes of Health (R35CA197589, 10071164, 7208157, 10145848, 9938264, 7041298, 9500653, 9632089)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Protein Degradation and Inhibitors
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Ubiquitin and proteasome pathways
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Chemical Synthesis and Analysis
- Keywords
- PROTACs, ubiquitin-proteasome system, protein degradation, drug discovery
- MeSH terms
- Humans, Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases, Proteasome Endopeptidase Complex, Drug Discovery, Proteolysis
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