The DOI matches its Crossref record; 19 of the 19 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
The treatment of obesity in children and adolescents: consensus position statement of the Italian society of pediatric endocrinology and diabetology, Italian Society of Pediatrics and Italian Society of Pediatric Surgery
Abstract
This Position Statement updates the different components of the therapy of obesity (lifestyle intervention, drugs, and surgery) in children and adolescents, previously reported in the consensus position statement on pediatric obesity of the Italian Society of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetology and the Italian Society of Pediatrics. Lifestyle intervention is the first step of treatment. In children older than 12 years, pharmacotherapy is the second step, and bariatric surgery is the third one, in selected cases. Novelties are available in the field of the medical treatment of obesity. In particular, new drugs demonstrated their efficacy and safety and have been approved in adolescents. Moreover, several randomized control trials with other drugs are in process and it is likely that some of them will become available in the future. The increase of the portfolio of treatment options for obesity in children and adolescents is promising for a more effective treatment of this disorder.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“At a developmental age, adequate physical activity is fundamental to overall health and well-being and preventing obesity.”
From Nutrition for Children and Adolescents Who Practice Sport: A Narrative Review (2024) · cites this paper as [1]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Social Learning Theory and the Health Belief Model
Rosenstock, I. M., Strecher, V. J., & Becker, M. H. (1988) · Health Education Quarterly · doi:10.1177/109019818801500203 · Cited by 5,564 · cited 1×
“[93]; the theory of planned behavior [94], the trans-theoretical model [95], the model of health knowledge [96] and the theory of self-determination [97].”
BackgroundPharmacological Management of Obesity: An Endocrine Society Clinical Practice Guideline
Apovian, C. M., Aronne, L. J., Bessesen, D. H., McDonnell, M. E., Murad, M. H., Pagotto, U., Ryan, D. H., & Still, C. D. (2015) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jc.2014-3415 · Cited by 1,347
Anti-obesity drug discovery: advances and challenges
Müller, T. D., Blüher, M., Tschöp, M. H., & DiMarchi, R. D. (2022) · Nature Reviews Drug Discovery · doi:10.1038/s41573-021-00337-8 · Cited by 1,021
Kelly, A. S., Barlow, S. E., Rao, G., Inge, T. H., Hayman, L. L., Steinberger, J., Urbina, E. M., Ewing, L. J., & Daniels, S. R. (2013) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/cir.0b013e3182a5cfb3 · Cited by 980
Courcoulas, A. P. (2013) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.2013.280928 · Cited by 799
Weight loss and health status 3 years after bariatric surgery in adolescents
Inge, T. H., Courcoulas, A. P., Jenkins, T. M., Michalsky, M. P., Helmrath, M. A., Brandt, M. L., Harmon, C. M., Zeller, M. H., Chen, M. K., Xanthakos, S. A., et al. (2016) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa1506699 · Cited by 750
Once-weekly semaglutide in adolescents with obesity
Weghuber, D., Barrett, T., Barrientos-Pérez, M., Gies, I., Hesse, D., Jeppesen, O. K., Kelly, A. S., Mastrandrea, L. D., Sørrig, R., & Arslanian, S. (2022) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa2208601 · Cited by 730
A Randomized, Controlled Trial of Liraglutide for Adolescents with Obesity
Kelly, A. S., Auerbach, P., Barrientos-Perez, M., Gies, I., Hale, P. M., Marcus, C., Mastrandrea, L. D., Prabhu, N., & Arslanian, S. (2020) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa1916038 · Cited by 723
Studies on the Physiological Functions of the Melanocortin System
Cone, R. D. (2006) · Endocrine Reviews · doi:10.1210/er.2006-0034 · Cited by 615
van Can, J., Sloth, B., Jensen, C. B., Flint, A., Blaak, E. E., & Saris, W. H. M. (2014) · International Journal of Obesity · doi:10.1038/ijo.2013.162 · Cited by 537
Research works printed but not linked: 134
- Wang Y. Epidemiology of childhood obesity—methodological aspects and guidelines: what is new? Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord. 2004;28(3):S21–8. · DOI
- Kostovski M, Tasic V, Laban N, Polenakovic M, Danilovski D, Gucev Z. Obesity in childhood and adolescence. Genetic Factors Pril (Makedon Akad Nauk Umet Odd Med Nauki). 2017;38(3):121–33. https://doi.org/10.2478/prilozi-2018-0013. · DOI
- Nittari G, Scuri S, Petrelli F, Pirillo I, di Luca NM, Grappasonni I. Fighting obesity in children from European World Health Organization member states. epidemiological data, medical-social aspects, and prevention programs. Clin Ter. 2019;170(3):e223–30.
- Singh AS, Mulder C, Twisk JWR, Van Mechelen W, Chinapaw MJM. Tracking of childhood overweight into adulthood: a systematic review of the literature. Obes Rev. 2008;9(5):474–88. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-789X.2008.00475.x. · DOI · Paper page
- Grugni G, Licenziati MR, Valerio G, Crinò A, Maffeis C, Tanas R, Morino GS. Childhood obesity study group of the Italian Society for Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetology (ISPED). The rehabilitation of children and adolescents with severe or medically complicated obesity: an ISPED expert opinion document. Eat Weight Disord. 2017;22(1):3–12. · DOI
- Reinehr T. Lifestyle intervention in childhood obesity: changes and challenges. Nat Rev Endocrinol. 2013;9(10):607–14. https://doi.org/10.1038/nrendo.2013.149. · DOI
- Gruen R, Weeramanthri T, Knight S, Bailie R. Specialist outreach clinics in primary care and rural hospital settings (Cochrane Review). Community Eye Health. 2006;19(58):31.
- Cardel MI, Atkinson MA, Taveras EM, Holm J-C, Kelly AS. Obesity treatment among adolescents: a review of current evidence and future directions. JAMA Pediatr. 2020;174(6):609–17. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamapediatrics.2020.0085. · DOI
- WHO Multicentre Growth Reference Study Group. WHO child growth standards based on length/height, weight and age. Acta Paediatr Suppl. 2006;450:76–85. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1651-2227.2006.tb02378.x. · DOI · Paper page
- de Onis M, Onyango AW, Borghi E, Siyam A, Nishida C, Siekmann J. Development of a WHO growth reference for school-aged children and adolescents. Bull World Health Organ. 2007;85(9):660–7. https://doi.org/10.2471/blt.07.043497. · DOI · Paper page
- Knop C, Singer V, Uysal Y, Schaefer A, Wolters B, Reinehr T. Extremely obese children respond better than extremely obese adolescents to lifestyle interventions. Pediatr Obes. 2015;10(1):7–14. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2047-6310.2013.00212.x. · DOI
- Danielsson P, Kowalski J, Ekblom Ö, Marcus C. Response of severely obese children and adolescents to behavioral treatment. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 2012;166(12):1103–8. https://doi.org/10.1001/2013.jamapediatrics.319. · DOI · Paper page
- Danielsson P, Svensson V, Kowalski J, Nyberg G, Ekblom O, Marcus C. Importance of age for 3-year continuous behavioral obesity treatment success and dropout rate. Obes Facts. 2012;5(1):34–44. https://doi.org/10.1159/000336060. · DOI
- Savoye M, Caprio S, Dziura J, Camp A, Germain G, Summers C, Li F, Shaw M, Nowicka P, Kursawe R, Depourcq F, Kim G, Tamborlane WV. Reversal of early abnormalities in glucosemetabolism in obese youth: results of an intensive lifestyle randomized controlledtrial. Diabetes Care. 2014;37(2):317–24. https://doi.org/10.2337/dc13-1571. · DOI
- Ryder JR, Vega-Lopez S, Ortega R, Konopken Y, Shaibi GQ. Lifestyle interventionimproves lipoprotein particle size and distribution without weight loss in obeseLatino adolescents. Pediatr Obes. 2013;8(5):e59–63. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2047-6310.2013.00162.x. · DOI
- Duncanson K, Shrewsbury V, Burrows T, Chai LK, Ashton L, Taylor R, Gow M, Ho M, Ells L, Stewart L, Garnett S, Jensen ME, Nowicka P, Littlewood R, Demaio A, Coyle DH, Walker JL, Collins CE. Impact of weight management nutrition interventions on dietary outcomes in children and adolescents with overweight or obesity: a systematic review with meta-analysis. Dieta J Hum Nutr. 2021;34(1):147–77. · DOI
- Alman KL, Lister NB, Garnett SP, Gow ML, Aldwell K, Jebeile H. Dietetic management of obesity and severe obesity in children and adolescents: a scoping review of guidelines. Obes Rev. 2021;22(1). · DOI
- Mead E, Brown T, Rees K, Azevedo LB, Whittaker V, Jones D, Olajide J, Mainardi GM, Corpeleijn E, O’Malley C, Beardsmore E, Al-Khudairy L, Baur L, Metzendorf MI, Demaio A, Ells LJ. Diet, physical activity and behavioural interventions for the treatment of overweight or obese children from the age of 6 to 11 years. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2017;6(6):CD012651. · DOI · Paper page
- Stewart L, Easter S. BDA’s Obesity Specialist Group. British dietetic association’s obesity specialist group dietetic obesity management interventions in children and young people: review & clinical application. J Hum Nutr Diet. 2021;34(1):224–32. · DOI
- Avery A, Bostock L, McCullough F. A systematic review investigating Interventions that can help reduce consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages in children leading to changes in body fatness. J Hum Nutr Diet. 2015;28 Suppl 1(Suppl 1):52–64. · DOI
- Avery A, Anderson C, McCullough F. Associations between children’s diet quality and watching television during meal or snack consumption: a systematic review. Matern Child Nutr. 2017;13(4):e12428. · DOI
- Kaisari P, Yannakoulia M, Panagiotakos DB. Eating frequency and overweight and obesity in children and adolescents: a meta-analysis. Pediatrics. 2013;131(5):958–67. https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2012-3241. · DOI
- Karatzi K, Moschonis G, Choupi E, Manios Y. Healthy growth study group. late-night overeating is associated with smaller breakfast, breakfast skipping, and obesity in children: the healthy growth study. Nutrition. 2017;33:141–4. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nut.2016.05.010. · DOI
- Ho M, Garnett SP, Baur L, Burrows T, Stewart L, Neve M, Collins C. Effectiveness of lifestyle interventions in child obesity: systematic review with meta-analysis. Pediatrics. 2012;130(6):e1647–71. https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2012-1176. · DOI · Paper page
- Kirk S, Brehm B, Saelens BE, Woo JG, Kissel E, D’Alessio D, Bolling C, Daniels SR. Role of carbohydrate modification in weight management among obese children: a randomized clinical trial. J Pediatr. 2012;161(2):320-7.e1. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpeds.2012.01.041. · DOI
- Schwingshackl L, Hobl LP, Hoffmann G. Effects of low glycaemic index/low glycaemic load vs. high glycaemic index/ high glycaemic load diets on overweight/obesity and associated risk factors in children and adolescents: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Nutr J. 2015;14:87. · DOI
- de Lara Perez B, Delgado-Rios M. Mindfulness-based programs for the prevention of childhood obesity: a systematic review. Appetite. 2022;168:105725. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.appet.2021.105725. · DOI
- Daly P, Pace T, Berg J, Menon U, Szalacha LA. A mindful eating intervention: a theory-guided randomized anti-obesity feasibility study with adolescent latino females. Complement Ther Med. 2016;28:22–8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ctim.2016.07.006. · DOI
- Shomaker LB, Berman Z, Burke M, Annameier SK, Pivarunas B, Sanchez N, Smith AD, Hendrich S, Riggs NR, Legget KT, Cornier MA, Melby C, Johnson SA, Lucas-Thompson R. Mindfulness-based group intervention in adolescents at-risk for excess weight gain: a randomized controlled pilot study. Appetite. 2019;1(140):213–22. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.appet.2019.05.022. · DOI
- Kumar S, Croghan IT, Biggs BK, Croghan K, Prissel R, Fuehrer D, Donelan-Dunlap B, Sood A. Family-based mindful eating intervention in adolescents with obesity: a pilot randomized clinical trial. Children (Basel). 2018;5(7):93. https://doi.org/10.3390/children5070093. · DOI
- Kirk S, Ogata B, Wichert E, Handu D, Rozga M. Treatment of pediatric overweight and obesity: position of the academy of nutrition and dietetics based on an umbrella review of systematic reviews. J Acad Nutr Diet. 2022;122(4):848–61. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jand.2022.01.008. · DOI
- Gow ML, Ho M, Burrows TL, Baur LA, Stewart L, Hutchesson MJ, Cowell CT, Collins CE, Garnett SP. Impact of dietary macronutrient distribution on bmi and cardiometabolic outcomes in overweight and obese children and adolescents: a systematic review. Nutr Rev. 2014;72(7):453–70. https://doi.org/10.1111/nure.12111. · DOI
- Nemet D, Barkan S, Epstein Y, Friedland O, Kowen G, Eliakim A. Short- and long-term beneficial effects of a combined dietary-behavioral-physical activity intervention for the treatment of childhood obesity. Pediatrics. 2005;115:e443-449. https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2004-2172. · DOI · Paper page
- Casazza K, Cardel M, Dulin-Keita A, Hanks LJ, Gower BA, Newton AL, Wallace S. Reduced carbohydrate diet to improve metabolic outcomes and decrease adiposity in obese peripubertal African American girls. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2012;54(3):336–42. · DOI
- Andela S, Burrows TL, Baur LA, Coyle DH, Collins CE, Gow ML. Efficacy of very low-energy diet programs for weight loss: a systematic review with meta-analysis of intervention studies in children and adolescents with obesity. Obes Rev. 2019;20:871–82. · DOI
- Serra-Majem L, Tomaino L, Dernini S, Berry EM, Lairon D, Ngo de la Cruz J, Bach-Faig A, Donini LM, Medina FX, Belahsen R, Piscopo S, Capone R, Aranceta-Bartrina J, La Vecchia C, Trichopoulou A. Updating the Mediterranean diet pyramid towards sustainability: focus on environmental concerns. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020;17(23):8758 . · DOI · Paper page
- Lassale C, Fitó M, Morales-Suárez-Varela M, Moya A, Gómez SF, Schröder H. Mediterranean diet and adiposity in children and adolescents: a systematic review. Obes Rev. 2022;23:e13381. · DOI
- Pereira-da-Silva L, Rêgo C, Pietrobelli A. The diet of preschool children in the Mediterranean Countries of the European Union: a systematic review. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2016;13:E572. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph13060572. · DOI
- Bibiloni MDM, Fernández-Blanco J, Pujol-Plana N, Martín-Galindo N, Fernández-Vallejo MM, Roca-Domingo M, Chamorro-Medina J, Tur JA. Improving diet quality in children through a new nutritional education programme: INFADIMED. Gac Sanit. 2017;31:472–7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gaceta.2016.10.013. · DOI
- Gómez SF, Casas Esteve R, Subirana I, Serra-Majem L, Fletas Torrent M, Homs C, Bawaked RA, Estrada L, Fíto M, Schröder H. Effect of a community-based childhood obesity intervention program on changes in anthropometric variables, incidence of obesity, and lifestyle choices in spanish children aged 8 to 10 years. Eur J Pediatr. 2018;177:1531–9. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00431-018-3207-x. · DOI
- Velázquez-López L, Santiago-Díaz G, Nava-Hernández J, Muñoz-Torres AV, Medina-Bravo P, Torres-Tamayo M. Mediterranean-style diet reduces metabolic syndrome components in obese children and adolescents with obesity. BMC Pediatr. 2014;14:175. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2431-14-175. · DOI
- Ojeda-Rodríguez A, Zazpe I, Morell-Azanza L, Chueca MJ, Azcona-Sanjulian MC, Marti A. Improved diet quality and nutrient adequacy in children and adolescents with abdominal obesity after a lifestyle intervention. Nutrients. 2018;10:E1500. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu10101500. · DOI
- Bibiloni MDM, Fernández-Blanco J, Pujol-Plana N, Surià Sonet S, Pujol-Puyané M.C, Mercadé Fuentes S, Ojer Fernández de Soto L, Tur JA. [Reversion of overweight and obesity in Vilafranca del Penedès child population: ACTIVA’T Program (2012)]. Gac Sanit. 2019;33(2):197–202. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gaceta.2017.10.002. · DOI
- Verduci E, Bronsky J, Embleton N, Gerasimidis K, Indrio F, Köglmeier J, de Koning B, Lapillonne A, Moltu SJ, Norsa L, Domellöf M. ESPGHAN committee on nutrition role of dietary factors, food habits, and lifestyle in childhood obesity development: a position paper from the European society for Paediatric gastroenterology, hepatology and nutrition committee on nutrition. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2021;72(5):769–83. · DOI
- Saneei P, Hashemipour M, Kelishadi R, Rajaei S, Esmaillzadeh A. Effects of recommendations to follow the dietary approaches to stop hypertension (DASH) diet v. usual dietary advice on childhood metabolic syndrome: a randomised cross-over clinical trial. Br J Nutr. 2013;110:2250–9. · DOI
- Bricarello LP, de Almeida Alves M, Retondario A, de Moura Souza A, de Vasconcelos FAG. DASH Diet (Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension) and overweight/obesity in adolescents: The ERICA Study. Clin Nutr ESPEN. 2021;42:173–9. · DOI
- Caspersen CJ, Powell KE, Christenson GM. Physical activity, exercise, and physical fitness: definitions and distinctions for health-related research. Public Health Rep. 1985;100(2):126–31.
- Treuth MS, Hunter GR, Pichon C, Figueroa-Colon R, Goran MI. Fitness and energy expenditure after strength training in obese prepubertal girls. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 1998;30(7):1130–6. https://doi.org/10.1097/00005768-199807000-00017. · DOI
- Alberga A, Prud’homme D, Sigal RJ, Goldfield GS, Hadjiyannakis S, Gougeon R, Phillips P, Malcolm J, Wells GA, Doucette S, Ma J, Kenny GP. Does exercise training affect resting metabolic rate in adolescents with obesity? Appl Physiol Nutr Metab. 2017;42(1):15–22. · DOI
- Tsiros M, Coates A, Howe P, Grimshaw P, Buckley JD. Obesity: the new childhood disability? Obes Rev. 2011;12(1):26–36. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-789X.2009.00706.x. · DOI
- Bejerot S, Plenty S, Humble A, Humble MB. Poor motor skills: a risk marker for bully victimization. Aggress Behav. 2013;39(6):453–61. · DOI
- Brown T, Moore TH, Hooper L, Gao Y, Zayegh A, Ijaz S, Elwenspoek M, Foxen SC, Magee L, O’Malley C, Waters E, Summerbell CD. Interventions for preventing obesity in children. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2019;7(7):CD001871. · DOI · Paper page
- Kuzik N, Poitras VJ, Tremblay MS, Lee EY, Hunter S, Carson V. Systematic review of the relationships between combinations of movement behaviours and health indicators in the early years (0–4 years). BMC Public Health. 2017;17(Suppl 5):849. · DOI · Paper page
- Wyszyńska J, Ring-Dimitriou S, Thivel D, Weghuber D, Hadjipanayis A, Grossman Z, Ross-Russell R, Dereń K, Mazur A. Physical activity in the prevention of childhood obesity: the position of the European childhood obesity group and the European academy of pediatrics. Front Pediatr. 2020;8:535705. · DOI
- Figuero R, An R. Motor skill competence and physical activity in preschoolers: a review. Matern Child Health J. 2017;21(1):136–46. · DOI
- Gahche J, Fakhouri T, Carroll DD, Burt VL, Wang C-Y, Fulton J.E. Cardiorespiratory Fitness Levels among U.S. Youth Aged 12–15 Years: United States, 1999–2004 and 2012; NCHS Data Brief; U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Health Statistics: Atlanta, GA, USA, 2014; pp. 1–8.
- Thivel D, Ring-Dimitriou S, Weghuber D, Frelut ML, O’Malley G. Muscle strength and fitness in pediatric obesity: a systematic review from the european childhood obesity group. Obes Facts. 2016;9(1):52–63. · DOI
- Agbaje AO, Haapala EA, Lintu N, Viitasalo A, Barker AR, Takken T, Tompuri T, Lindi V, Lakka TA. Peak oxygen uptake cut-points to identify children at increased cardiometabolic risk - The PANIC Study. Scand J Med Sci Sports. 2018;29:16–24. · DOI
- Smith JJ, Eather N, Morgan PJ, Plotnikoff RC, Faigenbaum AD, Lubans DR. The health benefits of muscular fitness for children and adolescents: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Sports Med. 2014;44:1209–23. · DOI · Paper page
- Plowman SA. Top 10 research questions related to musculoskeletal physical fitness testing in children and adolescents. Res Q Exerc Sport. 2014;85:174–87. · DOI
- Nyström CD, Henriksson P, Martínez-Vizcaíno V, Medrano M, Cadenas-Sanchez C, Arias-Palencia NM, Löf M, Ruiz JR, Labayen I, Sánchez-López M, Ortega FB. Does cardiorespiratory fitness attenuate the adverse effects of severe/morbid obesity on cardiometabolic risk and insulin resistance in children? A Pooled Analysis Diabetes Care. 2017;40(11):1580–7. · DOI
- Vasconcellos F, Seabra A, Katzmarzyk PT, Kraemer-Aguiar LG, Bouskela E, Farinatti P. Physical activity in overweight and obese adolescents: systematic review of the effects on physical fitness components and cardiovascular risk factors. Sports Med. 2014;44(8):1139–52. · DOI
- Kelley GA, Kelley KS, Pate RR. Exercise and adiposity in overweight and obese children and adolescents: a systematic review with network meta-analysis of randomized trials. BMJ Open. 2019;9(11): e031220. · DOI
- Stoner L, Beets MW, Brazendale K, Moore JB, Weaver RG. Exercise dose and weight loss in adolescents with overweight-obesity: a meta-regression. Sports Med. 2019;49(1):83–94. · DOI
- Valerio G, Licenziati MR, Tanas R, Morino G, Ambruzzi AM, Balsamo A, Brambilla P, Bruzzi P, Calcaterra V, Crinò A, De Falco R, Franzese A, Giordano U, Grugni G, Iaccarino Idelson P, Iughetti L, Maffeis C, Maffeis C, Manco M, Miraglia Del Giudice E, Mozzillo E, Zito E, Bernasconi S. Gruppo di Studio Obesità Infantile della Società Italiana di Endocrinologia e Diabetologia Pediatrica. Il percorso terapeutico del bambino e dell’adolescente con obesità grave [Management of children and adolescents with severe obesity]. Minerva Pediatr. 2012;64(4):413–31.
- Colquitt JL, Loveman E, O’Malley C, Azevedo LB, Mead E, Al-Khudairy L, Ells LJ, Metzendorf MI, Rees K. Diet, physical activity, and behavioural interventions for the treatment of overweight or obesity in preschool children up to the age of 6 years. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2016;3(3):CD012105.
- Bocca G, Corpeleijn E, Stolk RP, Sauer PJ. Results of a multidisciplinary treatment program in 3-year-old to 5-year-old overweight or obese children: a randomized controlled clinical trial. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 2012;166(12):1109–15. https://doi.org/10.1001/archpediatrics.2012.1638. (PMID: 23108941). · DOI
- Stark LJ, Spear S, Boles R, Kuhl E, Ratcliff M, Scharf C, Bolling C, Rausch J. A pilot randomized controlled trial of a clinic and home-based behavioral intervention to decrease obesity in preschoolers. Obesity (Silver Spring). 2011;19(1):134–41. https://doi.org/10.1038/oby.2010.87. · DOI
- Stark LJ, Clifford LM, Towner EK, Filigno SS, Zion C, Bolling C, Rausch J. A pilot randomized controlled trial of a behavioral family-based intervention with and without home visits to decrease obesity in preschoolers. J Pediatr Psychol. 2014;39(9):1001–12. https://doi.org/10.1093/jpepsy/jsu059. · DOI
- Lanigan J, Sally Barber S, Singhal A. Prevention of obesity in preschool children. Proc Nutr Soc. 2010;69(2):204–10. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0029665110000029. · DOI
- Taveras EM, Gortmaker SL, Hohman KH, Horan CM, Kleinman KP, Mitchell K, Price S, Prosser LA, Rifas-Shiman SL, Gillman MW. Randomized controlled trial to improve primary care to prevent and manage childhood obesity: the High Five for Kids study. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 2011;165(8):714–22. https://doi.org/10.1001/archpediatrics.2011.44. · DOI · Paper page
- Epstein LH, Paluch RA, Gordy CC, Saelens BE, Ernst MM. Problem solving in the treatment of childhood obesity. J Consult Clin Psychol. 2000;68(4):717–21. · DOI
- Taveras EM, Marshall R, Horan CM, Gillman MW, Hacker K, Kleinman KP, Koziol R, Price S, Rifas-Shiman SL, Simon SR. Improving children’s obesity-related health care quality: process outcomes of a cluster- randomized controlled trial. Obesity (Silver Spring). 2014;22(1):27–31. https://doi.org/10.1002/oby.20612. · DOI
- Al-Khudairy L, Loveman E, Colquitt JL, Mead E, Johnson RE, Fraser H, Olajide J, Murphy M, Velho RM, O’Malley C, Azevedo LB, Ells LJ, Metzendorf MI, Rees K. Diet, physical activity and behavioural interventions for the treatment of overweight or obese adolescents aged 12 to 17 years. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2017;6(6):CD012691. · DOI · Paper page
- Hartmann-Boyce J, Johns DJ, Jebb SA, Aveyard P. Behavioural weight management review group. effect of behavioural techniques and delivery mode on effectiveness of weight management: systematic review, meta-analysis and meta-regression. Obes Rev. 2014;15(7):598–609. · DOI
- Luo M, Allman-Farinelli M. Trends in the number of behavioural theory-based healthy eating interventions inclusive of dietitians/nutritionists in 2000–2020. Nutrients. 2021;13(11):4161. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13114161. · DOI
- Kelly MP, Barker M. Why is changing health-related behaviour so difficult? Public Health. 2016;136:109–16. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.puhe.2016.03.030. · DOI · Paper page
- GBD 2017 Diet Collaborators. Health effects of dietary risks in 195 countries, 1990–2017: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017. Lancet. 2019;393(10184):1958–72. · DOI · Paper page
- Bandura A. Social Foundations of Thought and Action: A Social Cognitive Theory; Prentice-Hall: Englewood Cliffs. USA: NJ; 1986.
- Rigby RR, Mitchell LJ, Hamilton K, Williams LT. The use of behavior change theories in dietetics practice in primary health care: a systematic review of randomized controlled trials. J Acad Nutr Diet. 2020;120(7):1172–97. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jand.2020.03.019. · DOI
- Ajzen I. From intentions to actions: A theory of planned behavior. In: Kuhl J, Beckmann J, editors. Action Control: From Cognition to Behavior. Heidelberg, Germany: Springer; 1985. p. 11–39. · DOI · Paper page
- Prochaska JO, DiClemente CC, Norcross JC. In search of how people change. Applications to addictive behaviors Am Psychol. 1992;47(9):1102–14. https://doi.org/10.1037//0003-066x.47.9.1102. · DOI · Paper page
- Deci EL, Ryan RM. Intrinsic Motivation and Self-Determination in Human Behavior. Plenum: New York; 1985. · DOI · Paper page
- Seo Y-G, Lim H, Kim Y, Ju Y-S, Lee H-J, Jang HB, Park SI, Park KH. The effect of a multidisciplinary lifestyle intervention on obesity status, body composition, physical fitness, and cardiometabolic risk markers in children and adolescents with obesity. Nutrients. 2019;11(1):137. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu11010137. · DOI
- O’Connor EA, Evans CV, Burda BU, Walsh ES, Eder M, Lozano P. Screening for obesity and intervention for weight management in children and adolescents: evidence report and systematic review for the us preventive services task force. JAMA. 2017;317(23):2427–44. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2017.0332. · DOI · Paper page
- Chung YL, Rhie Y-J. Severe obesity in children and adolescents: metabolic effects, assessment, and treatment. J Obes Metab Syndr. 2021;30(4):326–35. https://doi.org/10.7570/jomes21063. · DOI
- Styne DM, Arslanian SA, Connor EL, Farooqi IS, Murad MH, Silverstein JH, Yanovski JA. Pediatric obesity—assessment, treatment, and prevention: an endocrine society clinical practice guideline. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2017;102(3):709–57. https://doi.org/10.1210/jc.2016-2573. · DOI · Paper page
- Patel DK, Stanford FC. Safety and tolerability of new-generation anti-obesity medications: a narrative review. Postgrad Med. 2018;130(2):173–82. https://doi.org/10.1080/00325481.2018.1435129. · DOI
- Czepiel KS, Perez NP, Campoverde Reyes KJ, Sabharwal S, Stanford FC. Pharmacotherapy for the treatment of overweight and obesity in children, adolescents, and young adults in a large health system in the US. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2020;13(11):290. https://doi.org/10.3389/fendo.2020.00290. · DOI
- Johnson VR, Cao M, Czepiel KS, Mushannen T, Nolen L, Stanford FC. Strategies in the management of adolescent obesity. Curr Pediatr Rep. 2020;8(2):56–65. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40124-020-00214-9. · DOI
- Singhal V, Sella AC, Malhotra S. Pharmacotherapy in pediatric obesity: current evidence and landscape. Curr Opin Endocrinol Diabetes Obes. 2021;28(1):55–63. https://doi.org/10.1097/MED.0000000000000587. · DOI · Paper page
- Cardel MI, Jastreboff AM, Kelly AS. Treatment of adolescent obesity in 2020. JAMA. 2019;322(17):1707–8. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2019.14725. · DOI
- Chanoine JP, Hampl S, Jensen C, Boldrin M, Hauptman J. Effect of orlistat on weight and body composition in obese adolescents: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA. 2005;293(23):2873–83. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.293.23.2873. · DOI · Paper page
- Srivastava G, Apovian CM. Current pharmacotherapy for obesity. Nat Rev Endocrinol. 2018;14(1):12–24. https://doi.org/10.1038/nrendo.2017.122. · DOI · Paper page
- Ryder JR, Kaizer A, Rudser KD, Gross A, Kelly AS, Fox CK. Effect of phentermine on weight reduction in a pediatric weight management clinic. Int J Obes (Lond). 2017;41(1):90–3. https://doi.org/10.1038/ijo.2016.185. · DOI
- Woodard K, Louque L, Hsia DS. Medications for the treatment of obesity in adolescents. Ther Adv Endocrinol Metab. 2020;27(11):2042018820918789. https://doi.org/10.1177/2042018820918789. · DOI
- Nicolucci A, Maffeis C. The adolescent with obesity: what perspectives for treatment? Ital J Pediatr. 2022;48(1):9. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13052-022-01205-w. · DOI
- Dhillon S. Phentermine/topiramate: pediatric first approval. Paediatr Drugs. 2022;24(6):715–20. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40272-022-00532-z. · DOI
- Fox CK, Marlatt KL, Rudser KD, Kelly AS. Topiramate for weight reduction in adolescents with severe obesity. Clin Pediatr (Phila). 2015;54(1):19–24. https://doi.org/10.1177/0009922814542481. · DOI
- White B, Jamieson L, Clifford S, Shield JPH, Christie D, Smith F, Wong ICK, Viner RM. Adolescent experiences of anti-obesity drugs: adolescent experiences of anti-obesity drugs. Clin Obes. 2015;5(3):116–26. https://doi.org/10.1111/cob.12101. · DOI
- Rogovik AL, Goldman RD. Pharmacologic treatment of pediatric obesity. Can Fam Physician. 2011;57(2):195–7.
- Masarwa R, Brunetti VC, Aloe S, Henderson M, Platt RW, Filion KB. Efficacy and safety of metformin for obesity: a systematic review. Pediatrics. 2021;147(3):e20201610. · DOI
- Evia-Viscarra ML, Rodea-Montero ER, Apolinar-Jiménez E, Muñoz-Noriega N, García-Morales LM, Leaños-Pérez C, Figueroa-Barrón M, Sánchez-Fierros D, Reyes-García JG. The effects of metformin on inflammatory mediators in obese adolescents with insulin resistance: controlled randomized clinical trial. J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab. 2012;25(1–2):41–9. https://doi.org/10.1515/jpem-2011-0469. · DOI
- Mauras N, DelGiorno C, Hossain J, Bird K, Killen K, Merinbaum D, Weltman A, Damaso L, Balagopal P. Metformin use in children with obesity and normal glucose tolerance–effects on cardiovascular markers and intrahepatic fat. J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab. 2012;25(1–2):33–40. https://doi.org/10.1515/jpem-2011-0450. · DOI
- Farr OM, Tsoukas MA, Triantafyllou G, Dincer F, Filippaios A, Ko B-J, Mantzoros CS. Short-Term administration of the GLP-1 analog liraglutide decreases circulating leptin and increases GIP levels and these changes are associated with alterations in CNS responses to food cues: a randomized, placebo-controlled. Crossover Study Metabolism. 2016;65(7):945–53. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.metabol.2016.03.009. · DOI
- Schlögl H, Kabisch S, Horstmann A, Lohmann G, Müller K, Lepsien J, Busse-Voigt F, Kratzsch J, Pleger B, Villringer A, Stumvoll M. Exenatide-induced reduction in energy intake is associated with increase in hypothalamic connectivity. Diabetes Care. 2013;36(7):1933–40. https://doi.org/10.2337/dc12-1925. · DOI
- Ryan PM, Seltzer S, Hayward NE, Rodriguez DA, Sless RT, Hawkes CP. Safety and efficacy of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists in children and adolescents with obesity: a meta-analysis. J Pediatr. 2021;236:137-147.e13. · DOI
- Weghuber D, Forslund A, Ahlström H, Alderborn A, Bergström K, Brunner S, Cadamuro J, Ciba I, Dahlbom M, Heu V, Hofmann J, Kristinsson H, Kullberg J, Ladinger A, Lagler FB, Lidström M, Manell H, Meirik M, Mörwald K, Roomp K, Schneider R, Vilén H, Widhalm K, Zsoldos F, Bergsten P. A 6-month randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of weekly exenatide in adolescents with obesity. Pediatr Obes. 2020;15(7):e12624. · DOI
- Fox CK, Clark JM, Rudser KD, Ryder JR, Gross AC, Nathan BM, Sunni M, Dengel DR, Billington CJ, Bensignor MO, Kelly AS. Exenatide for weight-loss maintenance in adolescents with severe obesity: a randomized, placebo-controlled trial. Obesity (Silver Spring). 2022;30(5):1105–15. https://doi.org/10.1002/oby.23395. · DOI
- Markham A. Setmelanotide: first approval. Drugs. 2021;81(3):397–403. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40265-021-01470-9. · DOI
- Qi L, Guo Y, Liu CQ, Huang ZP, Sheng Y, Zou DJ. Effects of bariatric surgery on glycemic and lipid metabolism, surgical complication and quality of life in adolescents with obesity: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Surg Obes Relat Dis. 2017;13(12):2037–55. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soard.2017.09.516. · DOI
- Elhag W, El Ansari W. Durability of Cardiometabolic outcomes among adolescents after sleeve gastrectomy: first study with 9-year follow-up. Obes Surg. 2021;31(7):2869–77. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11695-021-05364-3. · DOI
- Armstrong SC, Bolling CF, Michalsky MP, Reichard KW. Pediatric metabolic and bariatric surgery: evidence, barriers, and best practices. Pediatrics. 2019;144(6):e20193223. · DOI · Paper page
- Pratt JSA, Browne A, Browne NT, Bruzoni M, Cohen M, Desai A, Inge T, Linden BC, Mattar SC, Michalsky M, Podkameni D, Reichard KW, Cody Stanford F, Zeller MH, Zitsman J. ASMBS pediatric metabolic and bariatric surgery guidelines. Surg Obes Relat Dis. 2018;14(7):882–901. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soard.2018.03.019. · DOI · Paper page
- Olbers T, Beamish AJ, Gronowitz E, Flodmark CE, Dahlgren J, Bruze G, Ekbom K, Friberg P, Göthberg G, Järvholm K, Karlsson J, Mårild S, Neovius M, Peltonen M, Marcus C. Laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass in adolescents with severe obesity (AMOS): a prospective, 5-year. Swedish nationwide study Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol. 2017;5(3):174–83. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2213-8587(16)30424-7. · DOI · Paper page
- Chalklin CG, Ryan Harper EG, Beamish AJ. Metabolic and bariatric surgery in adolescents. Curr Obes Rep. 2021;10(2):61–9. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13679-021-00423-3. · DOI
- Beamish AJ, Reinehr T. Should bariatric surgery be performed in adolescents? Eur J Endocrinol. 2017;176(4):D1-D15. https://doi.org/10.1530/EJE-16-0906. 164. Khidir N, El-Matbouly MA, Sargsyan D, Al-Kuwari M, Bashah M, Gagner M. Five-year outcomes of laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy: a comparison between adults and adolescents. Obes Surg. 2018;28(7):2040–5. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11695-018-3139-6. · DOI
- Henfridsson P, Laurenius A, Wallengren O, Beamish AJ, Dahlgren J, Flodmark CE, Marcus C, Olbers T, Gronowitz E, Ellegard L. Micronutrient intake and biochemistry in adolescents adherent or nonadherent to supplements 5 years after roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery. Surg Obes Relat Dis. 2019;15(9):1494–502. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soard.2019.06.012. · DOI
- Beamish AJ, Gronowitz E, Olbers T, Flodmark CE, Marcus C, Dahlgren J. Body composition and bone health in adolescents after roux-en-Y gastric bypass for severe obesity. Pediatr Obes. 2017;12(3):239–46. https://doi.org/10.1111/ijpo.12134. · DOI
- Zhang Y, Wang J, Sun X, Cao Z, Xu X, Liu D, Xin X, Qin M. Laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy versus laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass for morbid obesity and related comorbidities: a meta-analysis of 21 studies. Obes Surg. 2015;25(1):19–26. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11695-014-1385-9. · DOI
- Kelly AS, Barlow SE, Rao G, Inge TH, Hayman LL, Steinberger J, Urbina EM, Ewing LJ, Daniels SR. American Heart Association atherosclerosis, hypertension, and obesity in the young committee of the council on cardiovascular disease in the young, council on nutrition, physical activity and metabolism, and council on clinical cardiology. severe obesity in children and adolescents: identification, associated health risks, and treatment approaches: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association. Circulation. 2013;128(1):1689–712. · DOI · Paper page
- Reames BN, Finks JF, Bacal D, Carlin AM, Dimick JB. Changes in bariatric surgery procedure use in Michigan, 2006–2013. JAMA. 2014;312(9):959–61. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2014.7651. · DOI
- Benaiges D, Más-Lorenzo A, Goday A, Ramon JM, Chillarón JJ, Pedro-Botet J, Flores-Le Roux JA. Laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy: more than a restrictive bariatric surgery procedure? World J Gastroenterol. 2015;21(41):11804–14. https://doi.org/10.3748/wjg.v21.i41.11804. · DOI
- Paulus GF, de Vaan LE, Verdam FJ, Bouvy ND, Ambergen TA, van Heurn LW. Bariatric surgery in morbidly obese adolescents: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Obes Surg. 2015;25(5):860–78. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11695-015-1581-2. · DOI
- Sarr MG. Outcome of sleeve gastrectomy as a primary bariatric procedure. Br J Surg. 2014;101(6):668. https://doi.org/10.1002/bjs.9445. · DOI
- Nobili V, Vajro P, Dezsofi A, Fischler B, Hadzic N, Jahnel J, Lamireau T, McKiernan P, McLin V, Socha P, Tizzard S, Baumann U. Indications and limitations of bariatric intervention in severely obese children and adolescents with and without nonalcoholic steatohepatitis: ESPGHAN Hepatology Committee Position Statement. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2015;60(4):550–61. https://doi.org/10.1097/MPG.0000000000000715. · DOI
- Fried M, Yumuk V, Oppert JM, Scopinaro N, Torres A, Weiner R, Yashkov Y, Frühbeck G. International Federation for Surgery of Obesity and Metabolic Disorders-European Chapter (IFSO-EC); European Association for the Study of Obesity (EASO); European Association for the Study of Obesity Obesity Management Task Force (EASO OMTF). interdisciplinary European guidelines on metabolic and bariatric surgery. Obes Surg. 2014;24(1):42–55. · DOI · Paper page
- Himpens J, Cadière GB, Bazi M, Vouche M, Cadière B, Dapri G. Long-term outcomes of laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding. Arch Surg. 2011;146(7):802–7. https://doi.org/10.1001/archsurg.2011.45. (Epub 2011 Mar 21 PMID: 21422330). · DOI · Paper page
- Zitsman JL, DiGiorgi MF, Fennoy I, Kopchinski JS, Sysko R, Devlin MJ. Adolescent laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding (LAGB): prospective results in 137 patients followed for 3 years. Surg Obes Relat Dis. 2015;11(1):101–9. · DOI
- Xanthakos SA, Khoury JC, Inge TH, Jenkins TM, Modi AC, Michalsky MP, Chen MK, Courcoulas AP, Harmon CM, Brandt ML, Helmrath MA, Kalkwarf HJ. Teen longitudinal assessment of bariatric surgery consortium. nutritional risks in adolescents after bariatric surgery. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2020;18(5):1070-1081.e5. · DOI
- Storm AC, Dayyeh BKA. Metabolic function and weight loss after endoscopic sleeve gastroplasty: resistance is futile. Gastrointest Endosc. 2021;93(5):1119–20. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gie.2020.11.022. · DOI
- Stanford FC, Mushannen T, Cortez P, Campoverde Reyes KJ, Lee H, Gee DW, Pratt JS, Boepple PA, Bredella MA, Misra M, Singhal V. Comparison of short and long-term outcomes of metabolic and bariatric surgery in adolescents and adults. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2020;24(11):157. https://doi.org/10.3389/fendo.2020.00157. · DOI
- Michalsky M, Reichard K, Inge T, Pratt J, Lenders C. American society for metabolic and bariatric surgery. ASMBS pediatric committee best practice guidelines. Surg Obes Relat Dis. 2012;8(1):1–7. · DOI
- Steinhart A, Tsao D, Pratt JSA. Pediatric metabolic and bariatric surgery. Surg Clin North Am. 2021;101(2):199–212. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.suc.2020.12.007. · DOI
Cited by
Nutrition for Children and Adolescents Who Practice Sport: A Narrative Review
Capra, M. E., Stanyevic, B., Giudice, A., Monopoli, D., Decarolis, N. M., Esposito, S., & Biasucci, G. (2024) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu16162803 · Cited by 66
Metadata
- Authors
- Maffeis, C., Olivieri, F., Valerio, G., Verduci, E., Licenziati, M. R., Calcaterra, V., Pelizzo, G., Salerno, M., Staiano, A., Bernasconi, S., Buganza, R., Crinò, A., Corciulo, N., Corica, D., Destro, F., Di Bonito, P., Di Pietro, M., Di Sessa, A., deSanctis, L., Faienza, M. F., Filannino, G., Fintini, D., Fornari, E., Franceschi, R., Franco, F., Franzese, A., Giusti, L. F., Grugni, G., Iafusco, D., Iughetti, L., Lera, R., Limauro, R., Maguolo, A., Mancioppi, V., Manco, M., Del Giudice, E. M., Morandi, A., Moro, B., Mozzillo, E., Rabbone, I., Peverelli, P., Predieri, B., Purromuto, S., Stagi, S., Street, M. E., Tanas, R., Tornese, G., Umano, G. R., & Wasniewska, M.
- Venue
- Italian Journal of Pediatrics
- Published
- 2023-06-08
- Volume
- 49
- Issue
- 1
- ISSN
- 1824-7288
- Cited by
- 65
- References
- 19
- Language
- en
- Licence
- creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 (tdm)
- creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 (vor)
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.