Cited by 1,588Genomics and Phylogenetic StudiesNanopore and Nanochannel Transport StudiesGenetics, Bioinformatics, and Biomedical Research

The Oxford Nanopore MinION: delivery of nanopore sequencing to the genomics community

Open access
Jain, Miten, Olsen, Hugh E., Paten, Benedict, Akeson, Mark·2016·Genome Biology

Abstract

Nanopore DNA strand sequencing has emerged as a competitive, portable technology. Reads exceeding 150 kilobases have been achieved, as have in-field detection and analysis of clinical pathogens. We summarize key technical features of the Oxford Nanopore MinION, the dominant platform currently available. We then discuss pioneering applications executed by the genomics community.

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1186/s13059-016-1103-0

Cites

1 of 1 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

  • New genome assemblies have been arriving at a rapidly increasing pace, due to decreases in sequencing costs and improvements in third-generation sequencing technologies.

    “New genome assemblies have been arriving at a rapidly increasing pace, thanks to decreases in sequencing costs and improvements in third-generation sequencing technologies1–3.”

    From Progressive Cactus is a multiple-genome aligner for the thousand-genome era (2020) · cites this paper as [3]

    The De novo assembly section (page unavailable) describes how nanopore sequencing has enabled new assembly methods and reports a genome assembled using only MinION data. The Conclusions (page unavailable) say MinION performance improved rapidly. Neither passage establishes that new genome assemblies are arriving at a rapidly increasing pace or attributes that pace to falling sequencing costs. (LLM, conf=0.82)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
  • Genome sequencing and assembly have become increasingly affordable and computationally tractable thanks to long-read sequencing technologies, DNA proximity ligation sequencing techniques, and genome sequencing consortia.

    “Genome sequencing and assembly have become increasingly affordable and computationally tractable thanks to the development of long-read sequencing technologies like the Pacific Biosciences and Oxford Nanopore platforms (52); the development of DNA proximity ligation sequencing techniques, like Hi-C, for genome scaffolding (53–55); and the efforts of genome sequencing consortia (1, 2, 4, 56)”

    From Topological Approaches in Animal Comparative Genomics (2026) · cites this paper as [52]

    The Outlook’s “Read length” section identifies PacBio and MinION as long-read technologies, and “De novo assembly” describes a bacterial genome assembled using MinION data. The paper also cites MinION’s cost as an advantage, but these passages do not establish the broader claim that long-read technologies have made genome sequencing and assembly increasingly affordable and computationally tractable. Hi-C and consortium efforts are attached to other citations in the citing sentence and are not assessed here. (LLM, conf=0.82)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Cites

Flagged first, then by citations

Research works printed but not linked: 65

  1. [1]Branton D Daniel B Deamer DW Andre M Hagan B Benner SA The potential and challenges of nanopore sequencing Nat Biotechnol 2008 26 1146 53 10.1038/nbt.1495 18846088 PMC2683588 · DOI
  2. [2]Deamer D Akeson M Branton D Three decades of nanopore sequencing Nat Biotechnol 2016 34 518 24 10.1038/nbt.3423 27153285 PMC6733523 · DOI · Paper page
  3. [3]Kasianowicz JJ Brandin E Branton D Deamer DW Characterization of individual polynucleotide molecules using a membrane channel Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1996 93 13770 3 10.1073/pnas.93.24.13770 8943010 PMC19421 · DOI
  4. [4]Cherf GM Lieberman KR Hytham R Lam CE Kevin K Mark A Automated forward and reverse ratcheting of DNA in a nanopore at 5-Å precision Nat Biotechnol 2012 30 344 8 10.1038/nbt.2147 22334048 PMC3408072 · DOI
  5. [5]Ayub M Bayley H Individual RNA base recognition in immobilized oligonucleotides using a protein nanopore Nano Lett 2012 12 5637 43 10.1021/nl3027873 23043363 PMC3505278 · DOI
  6. [6]Manrao EA Derrington IM Laszlo AH Langford KW Hopper MK Nathaniel G Reading DNA at single-nucleotide resolution with a mutant MspA nanopore and phi29 DNA polymerase Nat Biotechnol 2012 30 349 53 10.1038/nbt.2171 22446694 PMC3757088 · DOI
  7. [7]Ashton PM Nair S Dallman T Rubino S Rabsch W Mwaigwisya S MinION nanopore sequencing identifies the position and structure of a bacterial antibiotic resistance island Nat Biotechnol 2015 33 296 300 10.1038/nbt.3103 25485618 · DOI
  8. [8]Bolisetty MT Rajadinakaran G Graveley BR Determining exon connectivity in complex mRNAs by nanopore sequencing Genome Biol 2015 16 204 10.1186/s13059-015-0777-z 26420219 PMC4588896 · DOI
  9. [9]Jain M Fiddes IT Miga KH Olsen HE Paten B Akeson M Improved data analysis for the MinION nanopore sequencer Nat Methods 2015 12 351 6 10.1038/nmeth.3290 25686389 PMC4907500 · DOI
  10. [10]Quick J Quinlan A Loman N A reference bacterial genome dataset generated on the MinION™ portable single-molecule nanopore sequencer GigaScience 2014 3 22 10.1186/2047-217X-3-22 25386338 PMC4226419 · DOI
  11. [11]Kilianski A Haas JL Corriveau EJ Liem AT Willis KL Kadavy DR Bacterial and viral identification and differentiation by amplicon sequencing on the MinION nanopore sequencer Gigascience 2015 4 12 10.1186/s13742-015-0051-z 25815165 PMC4374364 · DOI
  12. [12]Sović I Šikić M Wilm A Fenlon SN Chen S Nagarajan N Fast and sensitive mapping of nanopore sequencing reads with GraphMap Nat Commun 2016 7 11307 10.1038/ncomms11307 27079541 PMC4835549 · DOI
  13. [13]Goodwin S Gurtowski J Ethe-Sayers S Deshpande P Schatz MC McCombie WR Oxford Nanopore sequencing, hybrid error correction, and de novo assembly of a eukaryotic genome Genome Res 2015 25 1750 6 10.1101/gr.191395.115 26447147 PMC4617970 · DOI
  14. [14]Greninger AL Naccache SN Federman S Yu G Mbala P Bres V Rapid metagenomic identification of viral pathogens in clinical samples by real-time nanopore sequencing analysis Genome Med 2015 7 99 10.1186/s13073-015-0220-9 26416663 PMC4587849 · DOI · Paper page
  15. [15]Hargreaves AD Mulley JF Assessing the utility of the Oxford Nanopore MinION for snake venom gland cDNA sequencing Peer J 2015 3 e1441 10.7717/peerj.1441 26623194 PMC4662598 · DOI
  16. [16]Cao MD Ganesamoorthy D Elliott A Zhang H Cooper MA Coin LJM Streaming algorithms for identification of pathogens and antibiotic resistance potential from real-time MinION™ sequencing GigaScience 2016 5 32 10.1186/s13742-016-0137-2 27457073 PMC4960868 · DOI
  17. [17]Judge K Harris SR Reuter S Parkhill J Peacock SJ Early insights into the potential of the Oxford Nanopore MinION for the detection of antimicrobial resistance genes J Antimicrob Chemother 2015 70 2775 8 10.1093/jac/dkv206 26221019 PMC4566964 · DOI
  18. [18]Karlsson E Lärkeryd A Sjödin A Forsman M Stenberg P Scaffolding of a bacterial genome using MinION nanopore sequencing Sci Rep 2015 5 11996 10.1038/srep11996 26149338 PMC4493687 · DOI
  19. [19]Kchouk M, Mehdi K, Mourad E. Error correction and DeNovo genome Assembly for the MinIon sequencing reads mixing Illumina short reads. 2015 IEEE International Conference on Bioinformatics and Biomedicine (BIBM). 2015. doi:10.1109/bibm.2015.7359962. · DOI
  20. [20]Leggett RM Heavens D Caccamo M Clark MD Davey RP NanoOK: multi-reference alignment analysis of nanopore sequencing data, quality and error profiles Bioinformatics 2016 32 142 4 26382197 PMC4681994
  21. [21]Loman NJ Pallen MJ Twenty years of bacterial genome sequencing Nat Rev Microbiol 2015 13 787 94 10.1038/nrmicro3565 26548914 · DOI
  22. [22]Loman NJ Quinlan AR Poretools: a toolkit for analyzing nanopore sequence data Bioinformatics 2014 30 3399 401 10.1093/bioinformatics/btu555 25143291 PMC4296151 · DOI
  23. [23]Madoui M-A Engelen S Cruaud C Belser C Bertrand L Alberti A Genome assembly using Nanopore-guided long and error-free DNA reads BMC Genomics 2015 16 327 10.1186/s12864-015-1519-z 25927464 PMC4460631 · DOI
  24. [24]Mikheyev AS Tin MMY A first look at the Oxford Nanopore MinION sequencer Mol Ecol Resour 2014 14 1097 102 10.1111/1755-0998.12324 25187008 · DOI
  25. [26]Miller RR Montoya V Gardy JL Patrick DM Tang P Metagenomics for pathogen detection in public health Genome Med 2013 5 81 10.1186/gm485 24050114 PMC3978900 · DOI
  26. [28]Quick J Ashton P Calus S Chatt C Gossain S Hawker J Rapid draft sequencing and real-time nanopore sequencing in a hospital outbreak of Salmonella Genome Biol 2015 16 114 10.1186/s13059-015-0677-2 26025440 PMC4702336 · DOI
  27. [29]Quick J, Loman NJ. Bacterial whole-genome read data from the Oxford Nanopore Technologies MinION™ nanopore sequencer. GigaScience Database. 2014. doi:10.5524/100102. · DOI
  28. [30]Quick J Loman NJ Duraffour S Simpson JT Severi E Cowley L Real-time, portable genome sequencing for ebola surveillance Nature 2016 530 228 32 10.1038/nature16996 26840485 PMC4817224 · DOI
  29. [31]Quick J Quinlan AR Loman NJ A reference bacterial genome dataset generated on the MinION™ portable single-molecule nanopore sequencer Gigascience 2014 3 1 6 10.1186/2047-217X-3-22 25386338 PMC4226419 · DOI
  30. [32]Ramgren AC Newhall HS James KE DNA barcoding and metabarcoding with the Oxford Nanopore MinION Genome 2015 58 268
  31. [33]Risse J Thomson M Patrick S Blakely G Koutsovoulos G Blaxter M A single chromosome assembly of Bacteroides fragilis strain BE1 from Illumina and MinION nanopore sequencing data Gigascience 2015 4 60 10.1186/s13742-015-0101-6 26640692 PMC4670535 · DOI
  32. [34]Wang J Moore NE Deng Y-M Eccles DA Hall RJ MinION nanopore sequencing of an influenza genome Front Microbiol 2015 6 766 26347715 PMC4540950
  33. [35]Wang JR, Jones CD. Fast alignment filtering of nanopore sequencing reads using locality-sensitive hashing. 2015 IEEE International Conference on Bioinformatics and Biomedicine (BIBM). 2015. doi:10.1109/bibm.2015.7359668. · DOI
  34. [36]Ward AC Kim W MinIONTM: new, long read, portable nucleic acid sequencing device J Bacteriol Virol 2015 45 285 10.4167/jbv.2015.45.4.285 · DOI
  35. [37]Watson M Thomson M Risse J Talbot R Santoyo-Lopez J Gharbi K poRe: an R package for the visualization and analysis of nanopore sequencing data Bioinformatics 2015 31 114 5 10.1093/bioinformatics/btu590 25173419 PMC4271141 · DOI
  36. [38]Wei S Williams Z Rapid short-read sequencing and aneuploidy detection using MinION nanopore technology Genetics 2016 202 37 44 10.1534/genetics.115.182311 26500254 PMC4701100 · DOI
  37. [39]Schreiber J Wescoe ZL Abu-Shumays R Vivian JT Baatar B Karplus K Error rates for nanopore discrimination among cytosine, methylcytosine, and hydroxymethylcytosine along individual DNA strands Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2013 110 18910 5 10.1073/pnas.1310615110 24167260 PMC3839712 · DOI
  38. [40]Wescoe ZL Schreiber J Akeson M Nanopores discriminate among five C5-cytosine variants in DNA J Am Chem Soc 2014 136 16582 7 10.1021/ja508527b 25347819 PMC4277752 · DOI
  39. [41]Rand AC, Jain M, Eizenga J, Musselman-Brown A, Olsen HE, Akeson M, et al. Cytosine variant calling with high-throughput nanopore sequencing. bioRxiv. 2016. doi:10.1101/047134. PMC5704956 28218897 · DOI
  40. [42]Simpson JT, Workman R, Zuzarte PC, David M, Dursi LJ, Timp W. Detecting DNA methylation using the Oxford Nanopore Technologies MinION sequencer. bioRxiv. 2016. doi:10.1101/047142. · DOI
  41. [43]Loose M Malla S Stout M Real time selective sequencing using nanopore technology Nat Methods 2016 13 751 4 10.1038/nmeth.3930 27454285 PMC5008457 · DOI · Paper page
  42. [44]Ip CLC Loose M Tyson JR de Cesare M Brown BL Jain M MinION analysis and reference consortium: phase 1 data release and analysis F1000Res 2015 4 1075 26834992 PMC4722697
  43. [45]Norris AL Workman RE Fan Y Eshleman JR Timp W Nanopore sequencing detects structural variants in cancer Cancer Biol Ther 2016 17 246 53 10.1080/15384047.2016.1139236 26787508 PMC4848001 · DOI
  44. [46]David M, Dursi LJ, Yao D, Boutros PC, Simpson JT. Nanocall: an open source basecaller for Oxford nanopore sequencing data. Bioinformatics. 2016. doi:10.1093/bioinformatics/btw569. PMC5408768 27614348 · DOI
  45. [47]Boža V, Brejová B, Vinař T. DeepNano: deep recurrent neural networks for base calling in MinION nanopore reads. arXiv.org. 2016. arXiv:1603.09195 [q-bio.GN]. PMC5459436 28582401 · arXiv
  46. [48]Frith MC Hamada M Horton P Parameters for accurate genome alignment BMC Bioinformatics 2010 11 80 10.1186/1471-2105-11-80 20144198 PMC2829014 · DOI
  47. [49]Li H. Aligning sequence reads, clone sequences and assembly contigs with BWA-MEM. arXiv.org. 2013. arXiv:1303.3997 [q-bio.GN]. · arXiv
  48. [50]Loman NJ Quick J Simpson JT A complete bacterial genome assembled de novo using only nanopore sequencing data Nat Methods 2015 12 733 5 10.1038/nmeth.3444 26076426 · DOI
  49. [51]Eid J Fehr A Gray J Luong K Lyle J Otto G Real-time DNA sequencing from single polymerase molecules Science 2009 323 133 8 10.1126/science.1162986 19023044 · DOI · Paper page
  50. [52]Lee C Grasso C Sharlow MF Multiple sequence alignment using partial order graphs Bioinformatics 2002 18 452 64 10.1093/bioinformatics/18.3.452 11934745 · DOI
  51. [53]Szalay T Golovchenko JA De novo sequencing and variant calling with nanopores using PoreSeq Nat Biotechnol 2015 33 1087 91 10.1038/nbt.3360 26352647 PMC4877053 · DOI
  52. [54]Li C Chng KR Boey JHE Ng HQA Wilm A Nagarajan N INC-Seq: accurate single molecule reads using nanopore sequencing GigaScience 2016 5 34 10.1186/s13742-016-0140-7 27485345 PMC4970289 · DOI
  53. [55]Hoenen T Groseth A Rosenke K Fischer RJ Hoenen A Judson SD Nanopore sequencing as a rapidly deployable ebola outbreak tool Emerg Infect Dis 2016 22 331 4 10.3201/eid2202.151796 26812583 PMC4734547 · DOI
  54. [57]Zaaijer S Columbia University Ubiquitous Genomics 2015 Class, Erlich Y Elife 2016 5 e14258 10.7554/eLife.14258 27054412 PMC4869913 · DOI
  55. [58]Krol A. Citizen sequencers: taking Oxford Nanopore’s MinION to the classroom and beyond. Bio-IT World. 9 Dec 2015. www.bio-itworld.com/2015/12/9/citizen-sequencers-taking-oxford-nanopores-minion-classroom-beyond.html. Accessed 29 Jun 2016.
  56. [59]Chen S Li S Xie W Li X Zhang C Jiang H Performance comparison between rapid sequencing platforms for ultra-low coverage sequencing strategy PLoS One 2014 9 e92192 10.1371/journal.pone.0092192 24651575 PMC3961333 · DOI
  57. [62]Castro-Wallace SL, Chiu CY, John KK, Stahl SE, Rubins KH, McIntyre ABR, et al. Nanopore DNA sequencing and genome assembly on the International Space Station. bioRxiv. 2016. doi:10.1101/077651. PMC5740133 29269933 · DOI
  58. [63]Smith AM Abu-Shumays R Akeson M Bernick DL Capture, unfolding, and detection of individual tRNA molecules using a nanopore device Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2015 3 91 10.3389/fbioe.2015.00091 26157798 PMC4478443 · DOI
  59. [64]Henley RY Ashcroft BA Farrell I Cooperman BS Lindsay SM Wanunu M Electrophoretic deformation of individual transfer RNA molecules reveals their identity Nano Lett 2016 16 138 44 10.1021/acs.nanolett.5b03331 26609994 PMC4890568 · DOI
  60. [66]Horgan RP Kenny LC ‘Omic’ technologies: genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics and metabolomics Obstetrician Gynaecologist 2011 13 189 95 10.1576/toag.13.3.189.27672 · DOI
  61. [67]Nivala J Marks DB Akeson M Unfoldase-mediated protein translocation through an α-hemolysin nanopore Nat Biotechnol 2013 31 247 50 10.1038/nbt.2503 23376966 PMC3772521 · DOI
  62. [68]Hood LE Omenn GS Moritz RL Aebersold R Yamamoto KR Amos M New and improved proteomics technologies for understanding complex biological systems: addressing a grand challenge in the life sciences Proteomics 2012 12 2773 83 10.1002/pmic.201270086 22807061 PMC4005326 · DOI
  63. [69]Chen Y-T Iseli C Venditti CA Old LJ Simpson AJG Jongeneel CV Identification of a new cancer/testis gene family, CT47, among expressed multicopy genes on the human X chromosome Genes Chromosomes Cancer 2006 45 392 400 10.1002/gcc.20298 16382448 · DOI
  64. [70]Berlin K Koren S Chin C-S Drake JP Landolin JM Phillippy AM Assembling large genomes with single-molecule sequencing and locality-sensitive hashing Nat Biotechnol 2015 33 623 30 10.1038/nbt.3238 26006009 · DOI
  65. [71]Ondov BD Treangen TJ Melsted P Mallonee AB Bergman NH Koren S Mash: fast genome and metagenome distance estimation using MinHash Genome Biol 2016 17 132 10.1186/s13059-016-0997-x 27323842 PMC4915045 · DOI · Paper page

Cited by

Sorted by citations

Authors
Jain, M., Olsen, H. E., Paten, B., & Akeson, M.
Affiliations
University of California, Santa Cruz (US)
Corresponding author
Akeson, Mark
Venue
Genome Biology
Published
2016-11-25
Volume
17
Issue
1
Pages
239-239
ISSN
  • 1465-6906 (ISSN-L)
  • 1474-760X
OpenAlex
W2550586733
Cited by
1,588
References
1
Citations by year
2026: 147 · 2025: 177 · 2024: 191 · 2023: 167 · 2022: 151 · 2021: 240 · 2020: 168 · 2019: 148 · 2018: 131 · 2017: 64 · 2016: 2 · 2014: 1
FWCI
49.12
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
cc-by
Locations
  • Genome biology (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders
National Human Genome Research Institute (US) (HG007827, U54HG007990, HG006321)
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Genomics and Phylogenetic Studies
  • Physical Sciences › Engineering › Biomedical Engineering › Nanopore and Nanochannel Transport Studies
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Genetics, Bioinformatics, and Biomedical Research
Keywords
Oxford Nanopore MinION, nanopore DNA sequencing, portable sequencing, long-read sequencing, genomics applications
MeSH terms
Algorithms, Aneuploidy, DNA, Humans, Reproducibility of Results, Computational Biology, Genomics, Nanopores, High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review