Cited by 483Algal biology and biofuel productionMicrobial Metabolic Engineering and BioproductionLipid metabolism and biosynthesis

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Microalgae for the production of lipid and carotenoids: a review with focus on stress regulation and adaptation

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Sun, Xiao-Man, Ren, Lu-Jing, Zhao, Quan-Yu, Ji, Xiao-Jun, Huang, He·2018·Biotechnology for Biofuels

DOI 10.1186/s13068-018-1275-9PMC PMC6171298

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Abstract

Microalgae have drawn great attention as promising sustainable source of lipids and carotenoids. Their lipid and carotenoids accumulation machinery can be trigged by the stress conditions such as nutrient limitation or exposure to the damaging physical factors. However, stressful conditions often adversely affect microalgal growth and cause oxidative damage to the cells, which can eventually reduce the yield of the desired products. To overcome these limitations, two-stage cultivation strategies and supplementation of growth-promoting agents have traditionally been utilized, but developing new highly adapted strains is theoretically the simplest strategy. In addition to genetic engineering, adaptive laboratory evolution (ALE) is frequently used to develop beneficial phenotypes in industrial microorganisms during long-term selection under specific stress conditions. In recent years, many studies have gradually introduced ALE as a powerful tool to improve the biological properties of microalgae, especially for improving the production of lipid and carotenoids. In this review, strategies for the manipulation of stress in microalgal lipids and carotenoids production are summarized and discussed. Furthermore, this review summarizes the overall state of ALE technology, including available selection pressures, methods, and their applications in microalgae for the improved production of lipids and carotenoids.

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Fig. 1 Oxidative damage under stress conditions and manipulation of stresses by transcriptional engineering. GSH glutathione, ER endoplasmic reticulumCC BY · PubMed Central

Fig. 2 Effects of typical nutrient- and environmental stresses on the production of lipid and carotenoids in microalgae, and the resulting two-stage cultivation strategies used to overcome the biomass limitation imposed by the stress conditionsCC BY · PubMed Central

Fig. 3 Adaptive laboratory evolution (ALE) can be performed in the laboratory using three broad approaches. A Serial transfer can be performed in shake flasks with liquid medium where nutrients will not be limited, and an aliquot of the culture is transferred to a new flask with fresh medium for an additional round of growth at regular intervals. B Colony transfer is similar to serial transfer, but is performed on plates with solid medium. C A chemostat comprises a culture vessel in which the population grows under continuous agitation and aeration. Fresh medium is added into the vessel at a defined rate and culture broth is harvested continuously during the process. The figures a, b, and c illustrate the number of cells that grew during ALE the processes shown in A, B, and C, respectively (This figure was modified from Jeong et al. [112])CC BY · PubMed Central

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RETRACTED: Sugar cane bagasse hydrolysate (SBH) as a lucrative carbon supplement to upgrade the lipid and fatty acid production in Chlorococcum sp. for biodiesel through an optimized binary solvent system
Pugazhendhi, A., Sharma, A. K., Ahamed, T. S., Ramasamy, K. P., Sabour, A. A. A., Alshiekheid, M. A., Thuy, T. G. L., & Mathimani, T. (2023) · Environmental Research · doi:10.1016/j.envres.2023.117626 · Cited by 5
Retracted

Authors: Sun, X.-M., Ren, L.-J., Zhao, Q.-Y., Ji, X.-J., & Huang, H.
Affiliations: Nanjing Tech University (CN)
ORCID: Sun, Xiao-Man
Ji, Xiao-Jun
Huang, He
Venue: Biotechnology for Biofuels
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Published: 2018-10-04
Volume: 11
Issue: 1
Pages: 272-272
ISSN: 1754-6834 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1186/s13068-018-1275-9
PMC: PMC6171298
OpenAlex: W2895529302
Cited by: 470
References: 151
Citations by year: 2026: 49 · 2025: 56 · 2024: 73 · 2023: 56 · 2022: 79 · 2021: 66 · 2020: 61 · 2019: 29
FWCI: 2.09
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: gold
doi.org
Licence: cc-by
creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (tdm)
Locations: Biotechnology for Biofuels (publishedVersion, cc-by)
Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, other-oa)
PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
Funders: Government of Jiangsu Province (XTE1829)
Jiangsu National Synergistic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (XTC1810, XTE1829)
Topics: Physical Sciences › Energy › Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment › Algal biology and biofuel production
Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Microbial Metabolic Engineering and Bioproduction
Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Biochemistry › Lipid metabolism and biosynthesis
Keywords: microalgae, lipid production, carotenoid production, stress adaptation, adaptive laboratory evolution, oxidative stress, nutrient limitation, two-stage cultivation, genetic engineering, selection pressure, industrial microorganisms

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Microalgae for the production of lipid and carotenoids: a review with focus on stress regulation and adaptation

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