Replication characteristics of equine herpesvirus 1 and equine herpesvirus 3: comparative analysis using ex vivo tissue cultures.
Open accessAbstract
Replication kinetics and invasion characteristics of equine herpesvirus-1 and -3 (EHV-1/-3) in nasal and vaginal mucosae were compared using explants. The explants were cultured during 96 h with little change in viability. The tissues were inoculated with EHV-1 03P37 (neuropathogenic), 97P70 (abortigenic) and EHV-3 04P57, collected at 0, 24, 48 and 72 h post inoculation (pi) and stained for viral antigens. Both EHV-1 and EHV-3 replicated in a plaquewise manner. The plaques were already observed at 24 h pi, their size increased over time and did not directly cross the basement membrane (BM). However, EHV-1 infected the monocytic cells (MC) and hijacked these cells to invade the lamina propria. In contrast, EHV-3 replication was fully restricted to epithelial cells; the virus did not breach the BM via a direct cell-to-cell spread nor used infected MC. EHV-1-induced plaques were larger in nasal mucosa compared to vaginal mucosa. The opposite was found for EHV-3-induced plaques. Both EHV-1 strains replicated with comparable kinetics in nasal mucosa. However, the extent of replication of the abortigenic strain in vaginal mucosa was significantly higher than that of the neuropathogenic strain. Two-to-five-fold lower numbers of EHV-1-infected MC underneath the BM were found in vaginal mucosa than in nasal mucosa. Our study has shown that (i) EHV-1 has developed in evolution a predisposition for respiratory mucosa and EHV-3 for vaginal mucosa, (ii) abortigenic EHV-1 replicates better in vaginal mucosa than neuropathogenic EHV-1 and (iii) EHV-3 demonstrated a strict epithelial tropism whereas EHV-1 in addition hijacked MC to invade the lamina propria.
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In ex vivo experiments, single infected epithelial cells were visible at 12 h post-inoculation and EHV-1-induced plaques were observed in equine nasal and nasopharyngeal explants starting from 24 h post-inoculation.
“In ex vivo experiments, single infected epithelial cells were visible at 12 h post-inoculation (hpi) and EHV-1-induced plaques were observed in the epithelium of equine nasal and nasopharyngeal explants starting from 24 hpi (Vandekerckhove et al., 2010; Negussie et al., 2016).”
From The Pathogenesis and Immune Evasive Mechanisms of Equine Herpesvirus Type 1 (2021) · cites this paper as Negussie et al., 2016
The Results (Invasion characteristics; page unavailable) report EHV-1 plaques in the epithelium by 24 h post-inoculation, including in nasal explants. This paper studied nasal and vaginal mucosa, not nasopharyngeal explants. Its Methods sampled at 0, 24, 48 and 72 h, so it does not support the claim that single infected epithelial cells were visible at 12 h. (LLM, conf=0.88)
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- Authors
- Negussie, H., Li, Y., Tessema, T. S., & Nauwynck, H. J.
- Affiliations
- Ghent University (BE)
- Addis Ababa University (ET)
- Corresponding author
- Negussie, Haileleul
- Nauwynck, Hans J.
- Venue
- Veterinary Research
- Published
- 2016-01-15
- Volume
- 47
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 19-19
- ISSN
- 0928-4249 (ISSN-L)
- 1297-9716
- PMC
- PMC4714513
- OpenAlex
- W2235050815
- Cited by
- 15
- References
- 49
- Citations by year
- 2025: 3 · 2024: 2 · 2021: 2 · 2020: 2 · 2019: 2 · 2018: 1 · 2017: 3
- FWCI
- 2.19
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- cc-by
- Locations
- Veterinary Research (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Ghent University Academic Bibliography (Ghent University) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- HAL (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Funders
- Universiteit Gent
- Bijzonder Onderzoeksfonds UGent
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Herpesvirus Infections and Treatments
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Animal Science and Zoology › Animal Virus Infections Studies
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Virology and Viral Diseases
- Keywords
- equine herpesvirus 1, viral replication kinetics, mucosal invasion, nasal mucosa, vaginal mucosa, monocytic cells, lamina propria, plaque formation, tissue explants, viral tropism
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Herpesvirus 3, Equid, Herpesvirus 1, Equid, Female, Horses, Mucous Membrane, Nose, Vagina, Virus Replication, Tissue Culture Techniques
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