Replication kinetics of neurovirulent versus non-neurovirulent equine herpesvirus type 1 strains in equine nasal mucosal explants.
Open accessAbstract
Equine herpesvirus type 1 (EHV-1) is the causative agent of equine herpes myeloencephalopathy, of which outbreaks are reported with increasing frequency throughout North America and Europe. This has resulted in its classification as a potentially emerging disease by the US Department of Agriculture. Recently, it was found that a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in the viral DNA polymerase gene (ORF30) at aa 752 (N→D) is associated with the neurovirulent potential of EHV-1. In the present study, equine respiratory mucosal explants were inoculated with several Belgian isolates typed in their ORF30 as D 752 or N 752, to evaluate a possible difference in replication in the upper respiratory tract. In addition, to evaluate whether any observed differences could be attributed to the SNP associated with neurovirulence, the experiments were repeated with parental Ab4 (reference neurovirulent strain), parental NY03 (reference non-neurovirulent strain) and their N/D revertant recombinant viruses. The salient findings were that EHV-1 spreads plaquewise in the epithelium, but plaques never cross the basement membrane (BM). However, single EHV-1-infected cells could be observed below the BM at 36 h post-inoculation (p.i.) for all N 752 isolates and at 24 h p.i. for all D 752 isolates, and were identified as monocytic cells and T lymphocytes. Interestingly, the number of infected cells was two to five times higher for D 752 isolates compared with N 752 isolates at every time point analysed. Finally, this study showed that equine respiratory explants are a valuable and reproducible model to study EHV-1 neurovirulence in vitro, thereby reducing the need for horses as experimental animals.
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The leukocytes that carry EHV-1 across the basement membrane are mainly CD172a+ cells of myeloid origin, followed by T lymphocytes and B lymphocytes.
“These cells were mainly identified as CD172a+ cells (myeloid origin) followed by T lymphocytes and B lymphocytes (Gryspeerdt et al., 2010; Vandekerckhove et al., 2010; Baghi et al., 2014).”
From The Pathogenesis and Immune Evasive Mechanisms of Equine Herpesvirus Type 1 (2021) · cites this paper as Vandekerckhove et al., 2010
The explant results identify CD172a+ cells, T lymphocytes and rarely infected B lymphocytes among EHV-1 carrier cells below the basement membrane. But the Discussion says CD172a+ cells predominated only for isolate 03P37; for the other isolates, infected cells were equally likely to be CD172a+ cells or T lymphocytes. The claimed ranking therefore overgeneralizes the finding. Page numbers were not supplied. (LLM, conf=0.88)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredIn ex vivo experiments, single infected epithelial cells were visible at 12 h post-inoculation and EHV-1-induced plaques were observed in equine nasal and nasopharyngeal explants starting from 24 h post-inoculation.
“In ex vivo experiments, single infected epithelial cells were visible at 12 h post-inoculation (hpi) and EHV-1-induced plaques were observed in the epithelium of equine nasal and nasopharyngeal explants starting from 24 hpi (Vandekerckhove et al., 2010; Negussie et al., 2016).”
From The Pathogenesis and Immune Evasive Mechanisms of Equine Herpesvirus Type 1 (2021) · cites this paper as Vandekerckhove et al., 2010
Following infection of the respiratory epithelium, EHV-1 crosses the basement membrane by the use of single infected leukocytes.
“Following infection of the respiratory epithelium, EHV-1 crosses the basement membrane (BM) by the use of single infected leukocytes (Kydd et al., 1994; Vandekerckhove et al., 2010; Figure 1.1c).”
From The Pathogenesis and Immune Evasive Mechanisms of Equine Herpesvirus Type 1 (2021) · cites this paper as Vandekerckhove et al., 2010
While EHV-1 can infect the respiratory epithelium, previous in vivo, ex vivo and in vitro studies showed that its replication is somehow restricted.
“While EHV-1 can infect the respiratory epithelium, previous in vivo, ex vivo and in vitro studies showed that its replication is somehow restricted (Gryspeerdt et al., 2010; Vandekerckhove et al., 2010; Hussey et al., 2014).”
From The Pathogenesis and Immune Evasive Mechanisms of Equine Herpesvirus Type 1 (2021) · cites this paper as Vandekerckhove et al., 2010
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The Pathogenesis and Immune Evasive Mechanisms of Equine Herpesvirus Type 1
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“These cells were mainly identified as CD172a cells (myeloid origin) followed by T lymphocytes and B lymphocytes (Gryspeerdt et al., 2010; Vandekerckhove et al., 2010; Baghi et al., 2014).”
BackgroundResultInfluentialSelf-citationVandekerckhove, A. P., Glorieux, S., Gryspeerdt, A. C., Steukers, L., Van Doorsselaere, J., Osterrieder, N., Van de Walle, G. R., & Nauwynck, H. J. (2011) · Veterinary Microbiology · doi:10.1016/j.vetmic.2011.03.038 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
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- Authors
- Vandekerckhove, A. P., Glorieux, S., Gryspeerdt, A. C., Steukers, L., Duchateau, L., Osterrieder, N., Van de Walle, G. R., & Nauwynck, H. J.
- Affiliations
- Ghent University (BE)
- Freie Universität Berlin (DE)
- Department of Physiology and Biometrics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, B-9820 Merelbeke, Belgium
- Venue
- Journal of General Virology
- Publisher
- Microbiology Society
- Published
- 2010-08-01
- Volume
- 91
- Issue
- 8
- Pages
- 2019-2028
- ISSN
- 0022-1317 (ISSN-L)
- 1465-2099
- OpenAlex
- W2122879562
- Cited by
- 70
- References
- 35
- Citations by year
- 2025: 6 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 3 · 2019: 10 · 2018: 3 · 2017: 7 · 2016: 4 · 2015: 9 · 2014: 6 · 2013: 2 · 2012: 6
- FWCI
- 2.79
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- biblio.ugent.be
- Licence
- other-oa
- Locations
- Journal of General Virology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Ghent University Academic Bibliography (Ghent University) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Funders
- Vlaamse regering
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Herpesvirus Infections and Treatments
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Animal Science and Zoology › Animal Virus Infections Studies
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Virology and Viral Diseases
- Keywords
- equine herpesvirus 1, neurovirulence, viral replication kinetics, single nucleotide polymorphisms, DNA polymerase gene, monocytic cells, T cells, in vitro disease model
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Belgium, DNA-Directed DNA Polymerase, Herpesvirus 1, Equid, Horses, Monocytes, Nasal Mucosa, Organ Culture Techniques, T-Lymphocytes, Time Factors, Viral Proteins, Virulence, Virus Replication, Mutation, Missense, Virulence Factors
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