Parental Characteristics in Relation to Depressive Disorders
Abstract
Using a reliable and valid measure of reported parental care and overprotection (the Parental Bonding Instrument) patients with two types of depressive disorder were compared with a control group, and the relationships to depressive experience examined in a non-clinical group as well. Bipolar manic-depressive patients scored like controls whereas neurotic depressives reported less parental care and greater maternal overprotection. Depressive experience in the non-clinical group was negatively associated with low parental care and weakly associated with parental overprotection.
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There is commonly a dose-response relationship between the number of types of adversity and the magnitude of risk for depression.
“Moreover, there is commonly a dose-response relationship between the number of types of adversity associated and the magnitude of the risk for depression.4-11”
From Early life adversity and the epigenetic programming of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal function (2014) · cites this paper as [10]
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Predicting the One-Year Course of Adolescent Major Depression
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- Authors
- Parker, G.
- Affiliations
- UNSW Sydney (AU)
- Corresponding author
- Parker, Gordon
- ORCID
- Parker, Gordon
- Venue
- British Journal of Psychiatry
- Publisher
- Royal College of Psychiatrists
- Published
- 1979-02
- Volume
- 134
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 138-147
- ISSN
- 0007-1250 (ISSN-L)
- 1472-1465
- OpenAlex
- W2115708303
- Cited by
- 509
- References
- 26
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 8 · 2022: 13 · 2021: 7 · 2020: 5 · 2019: 5 · 2018: 4 · 2017: 7 · 2016: 8 · 2015: 15 · 2014: 13 · 2013: 19 · 2012: 8
- FWCI
- 11.35
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- The British Journal of Psychiatry (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Maternal Mental Health During Pregnancy and Postpartum
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Attachment and Relationship Dynamics
- Keywords
- parental care, parental overprotection, depressive disorders, bipolar disorder, neurotic depression, Parental Bonding Instrument, maternal overprotection, depressive experiences, non-clinical depression, parent-child relationship
- MeSH terms
- Adjustment Disorders, Adolescent, Adult, Bipolar Disorder, Child Rearing, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Object Attachment, Parent-Child Relations, Surveys and Questionnaires
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