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Computerised cognitive-behavioural therapy for depression: systematic review
Open accessAbstract
Background: Computerised cognitive–behavioural therapy (CCBT) is used for treating depression and provides a potentially useful alternative to therapist cognitive–behavioural therapy (CBT). Aims: To systematically review the evidence for the effectiveness of CCBT for the treatment of mild to moderate depression. Method: Electronic databases were searched to identify randomised controlled trials. Selected studies were quality assessed and data extracted by two reviewers. Results: Four studies of three computer software packages met the inclusion criteria. Comparators were treatment as usual, using a depression education website and an attention placebo. Conclusions: There is some evidence to support the effectiveness of CCBT for the treatment of depression. However, all studies were associated with considerable drop-out rates and little evidence was presented regarding participants' preferences and the acceptability of the therapy. More research is needed to determine the place of CCBT in the potential range of treatment options offered to individuals with depression.
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“The use of the Internet has been shown to be a feasible solution for the accessibility problem (18, 19).”
From Exploring the relationship between the acceptability of an internet-based intervention for depression in primary care and clinical outcomes: Secondary analysis of a randomized controlled trial (2019) · cites this paper as [19]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“Based on these results, it is important to take into account the benefit of developing interventions not only with effective treatment components but also with aspects that improve patients’ expectations and satisfaction with the intervention, because the treatments’ completion and effectiveness will improve with the acceptability of the intervention (19, 69, 83).”
From Exploring the relationship between the acceptability of an internet-based intervention for depression in primary care and clinical outcomes: Secondary analysis of a randomized controlled trial (2019) · cites this paper as [19]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“Computerised or digital CBT programmes have been shown to be effective in treating anxiety and depression in primary care settings in some21–24 but not all studies.25 26”
From A study protocol for a non-randomised comparison trial evaluating the feasibility and effectiveness of a mobile cognitive-behavioural programme with integrated coaching for anxious adults in primary care (2018) · cites this paper as [24]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“Internet-based and computer-aided treatments have been shown to be effective in treating a wide range of psychological problems, and have effect sizes (ES) comparable to those found for more traditional types of psychological treatments [21-32].”
From Feasibility of a personal health technology-based psychological intervention for men with stress and mood problems: Randomized controlled pilot trial (2013) · cites this paper as [29]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“Among the wider CCBT evidence base, low uptake has been identified as a key barrier to implementation, with an average of 12% of participants offered CCBT commencing treatment [26,51,52].”
From Computerized cognitive behavior therapy for anxiety and depression in rural areas:a systematic review (2015) · cites this paper as [51]
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“there is not enough data with good quality to support Overcoming Depression [8-11]”
From Meta-review of the effectiveness of computerised CBT in treating depression (2011) · cites this paper as [11]
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“Another limitation is that the dropout rates are expected to be high (around 30%) [103].”
In the citing paper
“reviews have concluded that MoodGYM was effective in reducing symptoms of depression [9,11,13,14,18,19]”
From Meta-review of the effectiveness of computerised CBT in treating depression (2011) · cites this paper as [11]
In the citing paper
“Beating the Blues is judged to be effective [8-11]”
From Meta-review of the effectiveness of computerised CBT in treating depression (2011) · cites this paper as [11]
In the citing paper
“ODIN had moderate or no significant effect [9,11,14,18]”
From Meta-review of the effectiveness of computerised CBT in treating depression (2011) · cites this paper as [11]
In the citing paper
“Kaltenthaler et al. [8,9] undertook two reviews for the National Institute of Health Research Health Technology Assessment Board; these comprised a wide range of computerised interventions based on CBT, and were also the basis for two other publications [10,11].”
From Meta-review of the effectiveness of computerised CBT in treating depression (2011) · cites this paper as [11]
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Citations
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“The perceived interpersonal closeness is lacking, and the likelihood of dropout is greater than with face-to-face therapy (Kaltenthaler et al., 2008), but on the positive side, a personalized virtual coach is always available.”
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Metadata
- Authors
- Kaltenthaler, E., Parry, G., Beverley, C., & Ferriter, M.
- Affiliations
- University of Sheffield (GB)
- Rampton Hospital (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Kaltenthaler, Eva
- Venue
- British Journal of Psychiatry
- Publisher
- Royal College of Psychiatrists
- Published
- 2008-09
- Volume
- 193
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 181-184
- ISSN
- 0007-1250 (ISSN-L)
- 1472-1465
- OpenAlex
- W2157606892
- Cited by
- 206
- References
- 18
- Citations by year
- 2025: 3 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 13 · 2021: 12 · 2020: 9 · 2019: 11 · 2018: 11 · 2017: 15 · 2016: 12 · 2015: 19 · 2014: 14 · 2013: 24 · 2012: 20
- FWCI
- 1.69
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- The British Journal of Psychiatry (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute for Health and Care Research
- Health Technology Assessment Programme
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Applied Psychology › Digital Mental Health Interventions
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Psychological Treatments and Assessments
- Keywords
- computerized cognitive behavioral therapy, depression, mild to moderate depression, online therapy, treatment effectiveness, dropout rates, acceptability
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Depressive Disorder, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Psychiatric Status Rating Scales, Therapy, Computer-Assisted, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic, Treatment Outcome
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