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Effect of a single dose of citalopram on amygdala response to emotional faces
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Background: Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are typically thought to have a delay of several weeks in the onset of their clinical effects. However, recent reports suggest they may have a much earlier therapeutic onset. A reduction in amygdala responsivity has been implicated in the therapeutic action of SSRIs. Aims: To investigate the effect of a single dose of an SSRI on the amygdala response to emotional faces. Method: Twenty-six healthy volunteers were randomised to receive a single oral dose of citalopram (20 mg) or placebo. Effects on the processing of facial expressions were assessed 3 h later using functional magnetic resonance imaging. Results: Volunteers treated with citalopram displayed a significantly reduced amygdala response to fearful facial expressions compared with placebo. Conclusions: Such an immediate effect of an SSRI on amygdala responses to threat supports the idea that antidepressants have an earlier onset of therapeutically relevant effects than conventionally thought.
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“In reality, however, the evidence following single-dose treatment is rather mixed, and both increases in amygdala reactivity52 and decreases53 have been reported; see for example the recent review in ref 54 and metaanalysis in ref 55.”
From The effects of drugs on human models of emotional processing: an account of antidepressant drug treatment (2015) · cites this paper as [53]
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“Direct experimental evidence indicates that antidepressant medications reduce amygdala activation to threatening stimuli and increase visual association cortex response to positive stimuli (16–21)”
From Lateral prefrontal cortex mediates the cognitive modification of attentional bias (2010) · cites this paper as [20]
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“suggesting that these drugs may alter attentional habit via an effect on early stimulus appraisal rather than on higher order control processes.”
From Lateral prefrontal cortex mediates the cognitive modification of attentional bias (2010) · cites this paper as [20]
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Dynamic modulation of inequality aversion in human interpersonal negotiations
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Self-citationPredictive modeling of antidepressant efficacy based on cognitive neuropsychological theory
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Molecular Imaging of the Human Emotion Circuit
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My Reflections on Understanding Animal Emotions for Improving the Life of Animals in Zoos
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Quantifying anhedonia-like symptoms in marmosets using appetitive Pavlovian conditioning
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“…administering escitalopram or citalopram for a period sufficient for the drug to achieve a steady state (7–10 days) have been inconsistent (Arce et al., 2008; Harmer et al., 2006; Henry et al., 2013; Maron et al., 2016; McCabe et al., 2010; Norbury et al., 2009; Windischberger et al., 2010).”
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fMRI and Other Neuroimaging Methods
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A perspective: from the serotonin hypothesis to cognitive neuropsychological approaches
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Self-citation
Metadata
- Authors
- Murphy, S. E., Norbury, R., O'Sullivan, U., Cowen, P. J., & Harmer, C. J.
- Affiliations
- Warneford Hospital (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Murphy, Susannah E.
- Venue
- British Journal of Psychiatry
- Publisher
- Royal College of Psychiatrists
- Published
- 2009-06
- Volume
- 194
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 535-540
- ISSN
- 0007-1250 (ISSN-L)
- 1472-1465
- PMC
- PMC2802527
- OpenAlex
- W2135286048
- Cited by
- 255
- References
- 42
- Citations by year
- 2026: 7 · 2025: 11 · 2024: 12 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 15 · 2021: 17 · 2020: 14 · 2019: 12 · 2018: 12 · 2017: 13 · 2016: 10 · 2015: 19 · 2014: 15 · 2013: 28 · 2012: 15
- FWCI
- 14.85
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Locations
- The British Journal of Psychiatry (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Wellcome Trust
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pharmacology (medical) › Treatment of Major Depression
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior
- Keywords
- citalopram, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, amygdala, emotional facial expressions, facial expression processing, fear, antidepressant onset of action, threat processing
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Amygdala, Emotions, Facial Expression, Female, Humans, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male, Citalopram, Treatment Outcome, Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors, Antidepressive Agents, Second-Generation, Young Adult
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