Association between common mental disorder and obesity over the adult life course.
Open accessAbstract
BACKGROUND: Prospective data on the association between common mental disorders and obesity are scarce, and the impact of ageing on this association is poorly understood. AIMS: To examine the association between common mental disorders and obesity (body mass index > or = 30 kg/m(2)) across the adult life course. METHOD: The participants, 6820 men and 3346 women, aged 35-55 were screened four times during a 19-year follow-up (the Whitehall II study). Each screening included measurements of mental disorders (the General Health Questionnaire), weight and height. RESULTS: The excess risk of obesity in the presence of mental disorders increased with age (P = 0.004). The estimated proportion of people who were obese was 5.7% at age 40 both in the presence and absence of mental disorders, but the corresponding figures were 34.6% and 27.1% at age 70. The excess risk did not vary by gender or according to ethnic group or socioeconomic position. CONCLUSIONS: The association between common mental disorders and obesity becomes stronger at older ages.
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Both depressive and anxiety disorders contribute to weight gain.
“both depressive and anxiety disorders were found to contribute to weight gain (McNaughton et al., 2008; Strine et al., 2008; Kivimaki et al., 2009)”
From The Mediating Role of Psychological Inflexibility in the Relationship Between Anxiety, Depression, and Emotional Eating in Adult Individuals With Obesity (2022) · cites this paper as Kivimaki et al., 2009
The Methods (Measurements; page not provided) say the study measured a combined screen of anxiety and depression symptoms, and the Results (Multilevel analysis; page not provided) associate that measure with higher odds of obesity. The paper does not establish that depressive and anxiety disorders each cause weight gain; its Discussion (Plausible mechanisms; page not provided) presents a causal pathway as possible, not demonstrated. (LLM, conf=0.88)
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- Authors
- Kivimäki, M., Batty, G. D., Singh-Manoux, A., Nabi, H., Sabia, S., Tabak, A. G., Akbaraly, T. N., Vahtera, J., Marmot, M. G., & Jokela, M.
- Affiliations
- MRC/CSO Social and Public Health Sciences Unit (GB)
- Inserm (FR)
- University College London (GB)
- Finnish Institute of Occupational Health (FI)
- Venue
- British Journal of Psychiatry
- Publisher
- Royal College of Psychiatrists
- Published
- 2009-08
- Volume
- 195
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 149-155
- ISSN
- 0007-1250 (ISSN-L)
- 1472-1465
- PMC
- PMC2770241
- OpenAlex
- W2171186447
- Cited by
- 90
- References
- 50
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 9 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 7 · 2021: 2 · 2020: 4 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 3 · 2017: 5 · 2016: 5 · 2015: 8 · 2014: 4 · 2013: 7 · 2012: 11
- FWCI
- 7.77
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- The British Journal of Psychiatry (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- HAL (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- UCL Discovery (University College London) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation (HS06516)
- Wellcome Trust
- British Heart Foundation (HS06516, RG/07/008/23674)
- University College London
- European Science Foundation
- University of Glasgow
- Health and Safety Executive
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale
- Semmelweis Egyetem
- Academy of Finland (117604, 124322)
- National Institutes of Health
- Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (HS06516)
- Medical Research Council (HS06516, WC1E 6BT)
- National Institute on Aging (AG 13196, R37AG013196, R01AG013196)
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (HL36310, R01HL036310)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Eating Disorders and Behaviors
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Obesity, Physical Activity, Diet
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Mental Health Treatment and Access
- Keywords
- common mental disorders, obesity, body mass index, adult life course, aging, Whitehall II study, gender differences, ethnic differences, socioeconomic position
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Age Factors, Aged, Mental Disorders, Epidemiologic Methods, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Obesity
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