The DOI matches its Crossref record; 10 of the 10 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Do prenatal risk factors cause psychiatric disorder? Be wary of causal claims
Open accessAbstract
Summary: Many prenatal risk factors are known to have adverse consequences on fetal development and there is increasing interest in effects on the mental health of offspring. However, associations with prenatal risk factors may arise because of postnatal risk or through confounders, including inherited ones. As a result, caution is required in assuming causation.
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“Environmental risk factors, including maternally related prenatal risks, pregnancy and birth complications, traumatic brain injuries and other external factors, have also been linked to ADHD (Lahey et al., 2009; Thapar and Rutter, 2009; Froehlich et al., 2011a; Thapar et al., 2012; Van Batenburg-Eddes et al., 2013; Adeyemo et al., 2014; Glover, 2014; Silva et al., 2014; Chang et al., 2018; Saez et”
From A Review of Heterogeneity in Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) (2019) · cites this paper as Thapar and Rutter, 2009
Citations
Cites
Rates of Adult Schizophrenia Following Prenatal Exposure to the Chinese Famine of 1959-1961
Clair, D. S. (2005) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.294.5.557 · Cited by 817
Schizophrenia After Prenatal Exposure to the Dutch Hunger Winter of 1944-1945
Susser, E. (1992) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.1992.01820120071010 · Cited by 727
Huizink, A. C., & Mulder, E. J. H. (2006) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2005.04.005 · Cited by 468
D'Onofrio, B. M., Hulle, C. A. V., Waldman, I. D., Rodgers, J. L., Harden, K. P., Rathouz, P. J., & Lahey, B. B. (2008) · Development and Psychopathology · doi:10.1017/s0954579408000072 · Cited by 267
Knopik, V. S., Heath, A. C., Jacob, T., Slutske, W. S., Bucholz, K. K., Madden, P. A. F., Waldron, M., & Martin, N. G. (2006) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291706007884 · Cited by 196
The impact of gestational stress and prenatal growth on emotional problems in offspring: a review
Rice, F. J., Jones, I. R., & Thapar, A. (2006) · Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica · doi:10.1111/j.1600-0447.2006.00895.x · Cited by 168
Self-citationDisentangling prenatal and inherited influences in humans with an experimental design
Rice, F. J., Harold, G. T., Boivin, J., Hay, D. F., van den Bree, M. B. M., & Thapar, A. (2009) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0808798106 · Cited by 137
Self-citationFrey, T. S. S. (1969) · The British Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1192/bjp.115.520.356-a · Cited by 79
Developmental origins of child mental health disorders
Swanson, J. D., & Wadhwa, P. M. (2008) · Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/j.1469-7610.2008.02014.x · Cited by 78
Epidemiological methods to tackle causal questions
Rutter, M. L. (2008) · International Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/ije/dyn253 · Cited by 41
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Research works printed but not linked: 1
- 2007, Identifying the Environmental Causes of Disease: How Should We Decide What to Believe and When to Take Action
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Annual Research Review: Secular trends in child and adolescent mental health
Collishaw, S. (2015) · Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/jcpp.12372 · Cited by 788
Practitioner Review: What have we learnt about the causes of ADHD?
Thapar, A., Cooper, M., Eyre, O., & Langley, K. (2013) · Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/j.1469-7610.2012.02611.x · Cited by 701
Self-citationAnnual research review: resilience—clinical implications
Rutter, M. (2013) · Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/j.1469-7610.2012.02615.x · Cited by 597
Self-citationPearson, R. M., Evans, J., Kounali, D., Lewis, G., Heron, J., Ramchandani, P. G., O’Connor, T. G., & Stein, A. (2013) · JAMA Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2013.2163 · Cited by 589
A Review of Heterogeneity in Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)
Luo, Y., Weibman, D., Halperin, J. M., & Li, X. (2019) · Frontiers in Human Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnhum.2019.00042 · Cited by 394
“Environmental risk factors, including maternally related prenatal risks, pregnancy and birth complications, traumatic brain injuries and other external factors, have also been linked to ADHD (Lahey et al., 2009; Thapar and Rutter, 2009; Froehlich et al., 2011a; Thapar et al., 2012; Van Batenburg-Eddes et al., 2013; Ad…”
Background
Metadata
- Authors
- Thapar, A., & Rutter, M.
- Affiliations
- Cardiff University (GB)
- King's College London (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Thapar, Anita
- Venue
- British Journal of Psychiatry
- Publisher
- Royal College of Psychiatrists
- Published
- 2009-08
- Volume
- 195
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 100-101
- ISSN
- 0007-1250 (ISSN-L)
- 1472-1465
- OpenAlex
- W2148051001
- Cited by
- 155
- References
- 10
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 8 · 2019: 7 · 2018: 8 · 2017: 10 · 2016: 13 · 2015: 17 · 2014: 14 · 2013: 28 · 2012: 12
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- The British Journal of Psychiatry (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Research Portal (King's College London) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Wellcome Trust
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Maternal Mental Health During Pregnancy and Postpartum
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health › Birth, Development, and Health
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health › Prenatal Substance Exposure Effects
- Keywords
- prenatal risk factors, mental illness, offspring mental health, fetal development, causal inference, confounding, heritability, developmental origins of health and disease
- MeSH terms
- Female, Humans, Pregnancy, Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects, Smoking, Attention Deficit and Disruptive Behavior Disorders
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