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Do prenatal risk factors cause psychiatric disorder? Be wary of causal claims
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Summary: Many prenatal risk factors are known to have adverse consequences on fetal development and there is increasing interest in effects on the mental health of offspring. However, associations with prenatal risk factors may arise because of postnatal risk or through confounders, including inherited ones. As a result, caution is required in assuming causation.
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“Environmental risk factors, including maternally related prenatal risks, pregnancy and birth complications, traumatic brain injuries and other external factors, have also been linked to ADHD (Lahey et al., 2009; Thapar and Rutter, 2009; Froehlich et al., 2011a; Thapar et al., 2012; Van Batenburg-Eddes et al., 2013; Adeyemo et al., 2014; Glover, 2014; Silva et al., 2014; Chang et al., 2018; Saez et”
From A Review of Heterogeneity in Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) (2019) · cites this paper as Thapar and Rutter, 2009
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Metadata
- Authors
- Thapar, A., & Rutter, M.
- Affiliations
- Cardiff University (GB)
- King's College London (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Thapar, Anita
- Venue
- British Journal of Psychiatry
- Publisher
- Royal College of Psychiatrists
- Published
- 2009-08
- Volume
- 195
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 100-101
- ISSN
- 0007-1250 (ISSN-L)
- 1472-1465
- OpenAlex
- W2148051001
- Cited by
- 155
- References
- 10
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 8 · 2019: 7 · 2018: 8 · 2017: 10 · 2016: 13 · 2015: 17 · 2014: 14 · 2013: 28 · 2012: 12
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- The British Journal of Psychiatry (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Research Portal (King's College London) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Wellcome Trust
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Maternal Mental Health During Pregnancy and Postpartum
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health › Birth, Development, and Health
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health › Prenatal Substance Exposure Effects
- Keywords
- prenatal risk factors, mental illness, offspring mental health, fetal development, causal inference, confounding, heritability, developmental origins of health and disease
- MeSH terms
- Female, Humans, Pregnancy, Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects, Smoking, Attention Deficit and Disruptive Behavior Disorders
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