The DOI matches its Crossref record; 5 of the 5 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Neuropsychological outcomes of mild traumatic brain injury, post-traumatic stress disorder and depression in Iraq-deployed US Army soldiers
Open accessAbstract
Background: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a concern of contemporary military deployments. Whether milder TBI leads to enduring impairment remains controversial. Aims: To determine the influence of deployment TBI, and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and depression symptoms on neuropsychological and functional outcomes. Method: A sample of 760 US Army soldiers were assessed pre- and post-deployment. Outcomes included neuropsychological performances and subjective functional impairment. Results: In total, 9% of the participants reported (predominantly mild) TBI with loss of consciousness between pre- and post-deployment. At post-deployment, 17.6% of individuals with TBI screened positive for PTSD and 31.3% screened positive for depression. Before and after adjustment for psychiatric symptoms, TBI was significantly associated only with functional impairment. Both PTSD and depression symptoms adjusted for TBI were significantly associated with several neuropsychological performance deficits and functional impairment. Conclusions: Milder TBI reported by deployed service members typically has limited lasting neuropsychological consequences; PTSD and depression are associated with more enduring cognitive compromise.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Mild traumatic brain injury in U.S. soldiers returning from Iraq
Hoge, C. W., McGurk, D., Thomas, J. L., Cox, A. L., Engel, C. C., & Castro, C. A. (2008) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa072972 · Cited by 2,775
Measuring Functioning and Well-Being: The Medical Outcomes Study Approach
Stewart, A., & Ware, J. (1992) · doi:10.7249/cb361 · Cited by 2,689
Psychometric properties of the PTSD checklist—civilian version
Ruggiero, K. J., Ben, K. D., Scotti, J. R., & Rabalais, A. E. (2003) · Journal of Traumatic Stress · doi:10.1023/a:1025714729117 · Cited by 1,227
The Psychiatric Sequelae of Traumatic Injury
Bryant, R. A., O'Donnell, M. L., Creamer, M., McFarlane, A. C., Clark, C. R., & Silove, D. (2010) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.2009.09050617 · Cited by 843
Longitudinal Assessment of Neuropsychological Function in Major Depression
Douglas, K. M., & Porter, R. J. (2009) · Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.3109/00048670903279887 · Cited by 217
Cited by
Passos, I. C., Vasconcelos-Moreno, M. P., Costa, L. G., Kunz, M., Brietzke, E., Quevedo, J., Salum, G., Magalhães, P. V., Kapczinski, F., & Kauer-Sant'Anna, M. (2015) · The Lancet Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/s2215-0366(15)00309-0 · Cited by 743
A quantitative meta-analysis of neurocognitive functioning in posttraumatic stress disorder.
Scott, J. C., Matt, G. E., Wrocklage, K. M., Crnich, C., Jordan, J., Southwick, S. M., Krystal, J. H., & Schweinsburg, B. C. (2015) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/a0038039 · Cited by 513
Etiology of depression comorbidity in combat-related PTSD: a review of the literature
Stander, V. A., Thomsen, C. J., & Highfill-McRoy, R. M. (2014) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2013.12.002 · Cited by 271
Fortier, C. B., Amick, M. M., Grande, L., McGlynn, S., Kenna, A., Morra, L., Clark, A., Milberg, W. P., & McGlinchey, R. E. (2014) · Journal of Head Trauma Rehabilitation · doi:10.1097/htr.0b013e3182865859 · Cited by 193
Hellewell, S. C., Beaton, C. S., Welton, T., & Grieve, S. M. (2020) · Frontiers in Neurology · doi:10.3389/fneur.2020.00350 · Cited by 90
Metadata
- Authors
- Vasterling, J. J., Brailey, K., Proctor, S. P., Kane, R., Heeren, T., & Franz, M.
- Venue
- British Journal of Psychiatry
- Publisher
- Royal College of Psychiatrists
- Published
- 2012-09
- Volume
- 201
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 186-192
- ISSN
- 0007-1250 (ISSN-L)
- 1472-1465
- OpenAlex
- W2123248694
- Cited by
- 200
- References
- 5
- FWCI
- 13.14
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Neuropsychological outcomes of mild traumatic brain injury, post-traumatic stress disorder and depression in Iraq-deployed US Army soldiers. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1192/bjp.bp.111.096461
- The paper
- Vasterling, J. J., Brailey, K., Proctor, S. P., Kane, R., Heeren, T., & Franz, M. (2012). Neuropsychological outcomes of mild traumatic brain injury, post-traumatic stress disorder and depression in Iraq-deployed US Army soldiers. British Journal of Psychiatry. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.111.096461
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
