Socioeconomic status as a risk factor for dementia death: individual participant meta-analysis of 86 508 men and women from the UK
Open accessAbstract
Background: Life-course socioeconomic factors may have a role in dementia aetiology but there is a current paucity of studies. Meta-analyses of individual participant data would considerably strengthen this evidence base. Aims: To examine the association between socioeconomic status in early life and adulthood with later dementia death. Method: Individual participant meta-analysis of 11 prospective cohort studies (1994–2004,n= 86508). Results: Leaving full-time education at an earlier age was associated with an increased risk of dementia death in women (fully adjusted hazard ratio (HR) for age ⩽14 v.age ⩾16: HR = 1.76, 95% Cl 1.23–2.53) but not men. Occupational social class was not statistically significantly associated with dementia death in men or women. Conclusions: Lower educational attainment in women was associated with an increased risk of dementia-related death independently of common risk behaviours and comorbidities.
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European studies have found that the relationship of lower educational attainment with dementia outcomes may be stronger in women than in men.
“European studies have found that the relationship of lower educational attainment with dementia outcomes may be stronger in women than men. 277,278”
From 2023 Alzheimer's disease facts and figures (2023) · cites this paper as [278]
The association of lower educational attainment with dementia outcomes may be stronger in women than men.
“European studies have found that the association of lower educational attainment with dementia outcomes may be stronger in women than men.”
From 2024 Alzheimer's disease facts and figures (2024) · cites this paper as [304]
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- Authors
- Russ, T. C., Stamatakis, E., Hamer, M., Starr, J. M., Kivimäki, M., & Batty, G. D.
- Affiliations
- National Health Service Scotland (GB)
- University College London (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Russ, Tom C.
- Venue
- British Journal of Psychiatry
- Publisher
- Royal College of Psychiatrists
- Published
- 2013-07
- Volume
- 203
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 10-17
- ISSN
- 0007-1250 (ISSN-L)
- 1472-1465
- PMC
- PMC3696876
- OpenAlex
- W2054804413
- Cited by
- 152
- References
- 41
- Citations by year
- 2026: 9 · 2025: 15 · 2024: 15 · 2023: 14 · 2022: 12 · 2021: 20 · 2020: 16 · 2019: 10 · 2018: 14 · 2017: 7 · 2016: 5 · 2015: 11 · 2014: 4
- FWCI
- 0.91
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- The British Journal of Psychiatry (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- UCL Discovery (University College London) (submittedVersion)
- Edinburgh Research Explorer (University of Edinburgh) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Funders
- Wellcome Trust (R01HL036310, 84698, G0700704/84698)
- NHS Health Scotland
- Scottish Government
- National Institute for Health and Care Research (R01AG034454)
- British Heart Foundation (RG/13/2/30098)
- University College London
- University of Edinburgh (G0700704/84698)
- Academy of Finland (R01 AG034454)
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology (G0700704/84698)
- National Institutes of Health
- Directorate for Biological Sciences
- Medical Research Council (MR/K013351/1, G0700704, MR/K026992/1, R01AG034454)
- Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council
- Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council
- Economic and Social Research Council (R01AG034454, ES/J023299/1, R01HL036310)
- National Institute on Aging (R01AG034454)
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (R01HL036310)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Dementia and Cognitive Impairment Research
- Social Sciences › Health › Health disparities and outcomes
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Intergenerational and Educational Inequality Studies
- Keywords
- socioeconomic status, dementia mortality, educational attainment, occupational class, sex differences, life course factors, dementia risk factors
- MeSH terms
- Dementia, Educational Status, Female, United Kingdom, Health Surveys, Humans, Male, Prognosis, Risk Factors, Risk-Taking, Smoking, Social Class, Socioeconomic Factors, Health Behavior
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