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LC/MS analysis of stratum corneum lipids: ceramide profiling and discovery
Open accessAbstract
Ceramides (CERs) in the upper layer of the skin, the stratum corneum (SC), play a key role in the skin barrier function. In human SC, the literature currently reports 11 CER subclasses that have been identified. In this paper, a novel quick and robust LC/MS method is presented that allows the separation and analysis of all known human SC CER subclasses using only limited sample preparation. Besides all 11 known and identified subclasses, a 3D multi-mass chromatogram shows the presence of other lipid subclasses. Using LC/MS/MS with an ion trap (IT) system, a Fourier transform-ion cyclotron resonance system, and a triple quadrupole system, we were able to identify one of these lipid subclasses as a new CER subclass: the ester-linked ω-hydroxy fatty acid with a dihydrosphingosine base (CER [EOdS]). Besides the identification of a new CER subclass, this paper also describes the applicability and robustness of the developed LC/MS method by analyzing three (biological) SC samples: SC from human dermatomed skin, human SC obtained by tape stripping, and SC from full-thickness skin explants. All three biological samples showed all known CER subclasses and slight differences were observed in CER profile.
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“In the human SC, 16 ceramide classes other than SD and -hydroxy ceramides have been identified (5)(6)(7).”
From Comparative profiling and comprehensive quantification of stratum corneum ceramides in humans and mice by LC/MS/MS (2020) · cites this paper as [6]
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“Therefore, more than several hundred ceramide species exist in the human SC (5)(6)(7).”
From Comparative profiling and comprehensive quantification of stratum corneum ceramides in humans and mice by LC/MS/MS (2020) · cites this paper as [6]
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“The composition of ceramide classes/species in the human SC has previously been analyzed using LC/MS (5-7, 16, 17, 29, 30).”
From Comparative profiling and comprehensive quantification of stratum corneum ceramides in humans and mice by LC/MS/MS (2020) · cites this paper as [6]
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The important role of stratum corneum lipids for the cutaneous barrier function
van Smeden, J., Janssens, M., Gooris, G. S., & Bouwstra, J. A. (2014) · Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Molecular and Cell Biology of Lipids · doi:10.1016/j.bbalip.2013.11.006 · Cited by 549
Self-citationJanssens, M., van Smeden, J., Gooris, G. S., Bras, W., Portale, G., Caspers, P. J., Vreeken, R. J., Hankemeier, T., Kezic, S., Wolterbeek, R., et al. (2012) · Journal of Lipid Research · doi:10.1194/jlr.p030338 · Cited by 488
Self-citationvan Smeden, J., & Bouwstra, J. A. (2016) · Current Problems in Dermatology · doi:10.1159/000441540 · Cited by 366
Self-citationDanso, M. O., van Drongelen, V., Mulder, A. A., van Esch, J., Scott, H. C., van Smeden, J., Ghalbzouri, A. E., & Bouwstra, J. A. (2014) · Journal of Investigative Dermatology · doi:10.1038/jid.2014.83 · Cited by 327
Self-citationZheng, Y., Hunt, R. L., Villaruz, A. E., Fisher, E. L., Liu, R., Liu, Q., Cheung, G. Y. C., Li, M., & Otto, M. J. (2022) · Cell Host & Microbe · doi:10.1016/j.chom.2022.01.004 · Cited by 301
Metadata
- Authors
- van Smeden, J., Hoppel, L., van der Heijden, R., Hankemeier, T., Vreeken, R. J., & Bouwstra, J. A.
- Affiliations
- Netherlands Metabolomics Centre (NL)
- Leiden University (NL)
- Corresponding author
- Bouwstra, Joke A.
- Venue
- Journal of Lipid Research
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2011-06
- Volume
- 52
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 1211-1221
- ISSN
- 0022-2275 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC3090242
- OpenAlex
- W2013685381
- Cited by
- 229
- References
- 63
- Citations by year
- 2026: 7 · 2025: 11 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 15 · 2022: 17 · 2021: 17 · 2020: 7 · 2019: 15 · 2018: 17 · 2017: 14 · 2016: 19 · 2015: 11 · 2014: 25 · 2013: 25 · 2012: 17
- FWCI
- 9.49
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Update notices
- correction (2017-02-01)
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Journal of Lipid Research (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Sphingolipid Metabolism and Signaling
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Metabolomics and Mass Spectrometry Studies
- Life Sciences › Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics › Pharmaceutical Science › Advancements in Transdermal Drug Delivery
- Keywords
- ceramide, stratum corneum, skin barrier function, dihydrosphingosine, lipidomics, LC-MS method development, tape stripping, skin explants
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Ceramides, Chromatography, Liquid, Humans, Male, Skin, Specimen Handling, Mass Spectrometry, Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared, Tissue Culture Techniques, Lipid Metabolism
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