The DOI matches its Crossref record.
Lipoprotein [a] is cleared from the plasma primarily by the liver in a process mediated by apolipoprotein [a]
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Steady state levels of circulating Lp(a) depend on its rate of clearance, which occurs primarily in the liver.
“The steady state level of circulating Lp(a) also depends on its rate of clearance, which occurs primarily in the liver25,26.”
From Functional interrogation of cellular Lp(a) uptake by genome-scale CRISPR screening (2025) · cites this paper as [25]
Multiple studies of LDLR in cells, animal models, and humans have provided inconsistent or conflicting results.
“Multiple studies of the LDL receptor (LDLR) in cells27-34, animal models25,32,35,36, and humans10,28,37-48 have provided inconsistent or conflicting results.”
From Functional interrogation of cellular Lp(a) uptake by genome-scale CRISPR screening (2025) · cites this paper as [25]
Studies of mice catabolism of exogenous human Lp(a) have yielded mixed results, with some demonstrating LDLR-dependent and some LDLR-independent clearance.
“Although mice do not produce endogenous Lp(a), studies of their catabolism of exogenous human Lp(a) have also yielded mixed results, with some demonstrating LDLR-dependent35,36 and some LDLR-independent25,32 clearance.”
From Functional interrogation of cellular Lp(a) uptake by genome-scale CRISPR screening (2025) · cites this paper as [25]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
No references could be resolved yet.
Research works printed but not linked: 57
- Scanu, 2001, The role of lipoprotein(a) in the pathogenesis of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease and its utility as predictor of coronary heart disease events, Curr. Cardiol. Rep., 3, 385, 10.1007/s11886-001-0055-4 · DOI
- Hobbs, 1999, Lipoprotein(a): intrigues and insights, Curr. Opin. Lipidol., 10, 225, 10.1097/00041433-199906000-00005 · DOI
- Rader, 1994, The inverse association of plasma lipoprotein(a) concentrations with apolipoprotein(a) isoform size is not due to differences in Lp(a) catabolism but to differences in production rate, J. Clin. Invest., 93, 2758, 10.1172/JCI117292 · DOI
- Rader, 1993, Variation in lipoprotein(a) concentrations among individuals with the same apolipoprotein (a) isoform is determined by the rate of lipoprotein(a) production, J. Clin. Invest., 91, 443, 10.1172/JCI116221 · DOI
- Boerwinkle, 1992, Apolipoprotein(a) gene accounts for greater than 90% of the variation in plasma lipoprotein(a) concentrations, J. Clin. Invest., 90, 52, 10.1172/JCI115855 · DOI
- Koschinsky, 2004, Structure-function relationships in apolipoprotein(a): insights into lipoprotein(a) assembly and pathogenicity, Curr. Opin. Lipidol., 15, 167, 10.1097/00041433-200404000-00009 · DOI
- Kostner, 1998, Decreased urinary apolipoprotein (a) excretion in patients with impaired renal function, Eur. J. Clin. Invest., 28, 447, 10.1046/j.1365-2362.1998.00319.x · DOI
- Sechi, 1998, Increased serum lipoprotein(a) levels in patients with early renal failure, Ann. Intern. Med., 129, 457, 10.7326/0003-4819-129-6-199809150-00006 · DOI
- Kronenberg, 1997, Renovascular arteriovenous differences in Lp[a] plasma concentrations suggest removal of Lp[a] from the renal circulation, J. Lipid Res., 38, 1755, 10.1016/S0022-2275(20)37150-9 · DOI
- Wiklund, 1990, Apolipoprotein(a) and ischaemic heart disease in familial hypercholesterolaemia, Lancet., 335, 1360, 10.1016/0140-6736(90)91242-3 · DOI
- Floren, 1981, Uptake of Lp (a) lipoprotein by cultured fibroblasts, Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun., 102, 636, 10.1016/S0006-291X(81)80179-9 · DOI · Paper page
- Krempler, 1983, Studies on the role of specific cell surface receptors in the removal of lipoprotein (a) in man, J. Clin. Invest., 71, 1431, 10.1172/JCI110896 · DOI · Paper page
- Havekes, 1981, Binding of Lp(a) to the low density lipoprotein receptor of human fibroblasts, FEBS Lett., 132, 169, 10.1016/0014-5793(81)81153-2 · DOI
- Mbewu, 1991, Serum lipoprotein(a) in patients heterozygous for familial hypercholesterolemia, their relatives, and unrelated control populations, Arterioscler. Thromb., 11, 940, 10.1161/01.ATV.11.4.940 · DOI
- Utermann, 1989, Defects in the low density lipoprotein receptor gene affect lipoprotein (a) levels: multiplicative interaction of two gene loci associated with premature atherosclerosis, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA., 86, 4171, 10.1073/pnas.86.11.4171 · DOI
- Niemeier, 1999, Identification of megalin/gp330 as a receptor for lipoprotein(a) in vitro, Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol., 19, 552, 10.1161/01.ATV.19.3.552 · DOI
- Marz, 1993, Heterogeneous lipoprotein (a) size isoforms differ by their interaction with the low density lipoprotein receptor and the low density lipoprotein receptor-related protein/alpha 2-macroglobulin receptor, FEBS Lett., 325, 271, 10.1016/0014-5793(93)81087-G · DOI · Paper page
- Argraves, 1997, The atherogenic lipoprotein Lp(a) is internalized and degraded in a process mediated by the VLDL receptor, J. Clin. Invest., 100, 2170, 10.1172/JCI119753 · DOI · Paper page
- Mahley, 1999, Remnant lipoprotein metabolism: key pathways involving cell-surface heparan sulfate proteoglycans and apolipoprotein E, J. Lipid Res., 40, 1, 10.1016/S0022-2275(20)33334-4 · DOI · Paper page
- van Barlingen, 1997, Lipoprotein lipase-enhanced binding of lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)] to heparan sulfate is improved by apolipoprotein E (apoE) saturation: secretion-capture process of apoE is a possible route for the catabolism of Lp(a), Metabolism., 46, 650, 10.1016/S0026-0495(97)90008-1 · DOI
- Rader, 1995, The low density lipoprotein receptor is not required for normal catabolism of Lp(a) in humans, J. Clin. Invest., 95, 1403, 10.1172/JCI117794 · DOI · Paper page
- Edelstein, 1995, Determinants of lipoprotein(a) assembly: a study of wild-type and mutant apolipoprotein(a) phenotypes isolated from human and rhesus monkey lipoprotein(a) under mild reductive conditions, Biochemistry., 34, 16483, 10.1021/bi00050a032 · DOI
- Pittman, 1986, Methods for assessment of tissue sites of lipoprotein degradation, Methods Enzymol., 129, 612, 10.1016/0076-6879(86)29094-1 · DOI
- Brown, 1997, Physiological parameter values for physiologically based pharmacokinetic models, Toxicol. Ind. Health., 13, 407, 10.1177/074823379701300401 · DOI
- Hrzenjak, 2003, Galactose-specific asialoglycoprotein receptor is involved in lipoprotein (a) catabolism, Biochem. J., 376, 765, 10.1042/bj20030932 · DOI · Paper page
- Lawn, 1995, The recurring evolution of lipoprotein(a). Insights from cloning of hedgehog apolipoprotein(a), J. Biol. Chem., 270, 24004, 10.1074/jbc.270.41.24004 · DOI
- Callow, 1994, Expression of human apolipoprotein B and assembly of lipoprotein(a) in transgenic mice, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA., 91, 2130, 10.1073/pnas.91.6.2130 · DOI
- Cheesman, 2000, An analysis of the interaction between mouse apolipoprotein B100 and apolipoprotein(a), J. Biol. Chem., 275, 28195, 10.1074/jbc.M002772200 · DOI
- Chiesa, 1992, Reconstitution of lipoprotein(a) by infusion of human low density lipoprotein into transgenic mice expressing human apolipoprotein(a), J. Biol. Chem., 267, 24369, 10.1016/S0021-9258(18)35775-2 · DOI
- Linton, 1993, Transgenic mice expressing high plasma concentrations of human apolipoprotein B100 and lipoprotein(a), J. Clin. Invest., 92, 3029, 10.1172/JCI116927 · DOI
- Callow, 1995, Atherogenesis in transgenic mice with human apolipoprotein B and lipoprotein (a), J. Clin. Invest., 96, 1639, 10.1172/JCI118203 · DOI
- Lawn, 1992, Atherogenesis in transgenic mice expressing human apolipoprotein(a), Nature., 360, 670, 10.1038/360670a0 · DOI
- Sanan, 1998, Low density lipoprotein receptor-negative mice expressing human apolipoprotein B-100 develop complex atherosclerotic lesions on a chow diet: no accentuation by apolipoprotein(a), Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA., 95, 4544, 10.1073/pnas.95.8.4544 · DOI
- Gabelli, 1986, Abnormal low density lipoprotein metabolism in apolipoprotein E deficiency, J. Lipid Res., 27, 326, 10.1016/S0022-2275(20)38838-6 · DOI
- Ye, 1988, Tissue distribution of [3H]cholesteryl linoleyl ether-labeled human Lp(a) in different rat organs, Biochim. Biophys. Acta., 963, 534, 10.1016/0005-2760(88)90322-0 · DOI
- Kronenberg, 2003, Apolipoprotein(a) isoform-specific changes of lipoprotein(a) after kidney transplantation, Eur. J. Hum. Genet., 11, 693, 10.1038/sj.ejhg.5201016 · DOI
- Kronenberg, 2004, The apolipoprotein(a) size polymorphism is associated with nephrotic syndrome, Kidney Int., 65, 606, 10.1111/j.1523-1755.2004.00418.x · DOI
- Mooser, 1996, Apolipoprotein(a) kringle 4-containing fragments in human urine. Relationship to plasma levels of lipoprotein(a), J. Clin. Invest., 97, 858, 10.1172/JCI118487 · DOI
- Oida, 1992, Apolipoprotein(a) is present in urine and its excretion is decreased in patients with renal failure, Clin. Chem., 38, 2244, 10.1093/clinchem/38.11.2244 · DOI
- Doucet, 2000, Lipoprotein(a) in the nephrotic syndrome: molecular analysis of lipoprotein(a) and apolipoprotein(a) fragments in plasma and urine, J. Am. Soc. Nephrol., 11, 507, 10.1681/ASN.V113507 · DOI
- Mooser, 1996, Kringle-containing fragments of apolipoprotein(a) circulate in human plasma and are excreted into the urine, J. Clin. Invest., 98, 2414, 10.1172/JCI119055 · DOI
- Armstrong, 1990, Heterogeneity of human lipoprotein Lp[a]: cytochemical and biochemical studies on the interaction of two Lp[a] species with the LDL receptor, J. Lipid Res., 31, 429, 10.1016/S0022-2275(20)43165-7 · DOI
- Maartmann-Moe, 1981, Lp(a) lipoprotein enters cultured fibroblasts independently of the plasma membrane low density lipoprotein receptor, Clin. Genet., 20, 352, 10.1111/j.1399-0004.1981.tb01047.x · DOI
- Reblin, 1997, Cellular uptake of lipoprotein[a] by mouse embryonic fibroblasts via the LDL receptor and the LDL receptor-related protein, J. Lipid Res., 38, 2103, 10.1016/S0022-2275(20)37140-6 · DOI · Paper page
- Perombelon, 1992, Lipoprotein(a) in subjects with familial defective apolipoprotein B100, Atherosclerosis., 92, 203, 10.1016/0021-9150(92)90279-P · DOI
- Hofmann, 1990, Overexpression of human low density lipoprotein receptors leads to accelerated catabolism of Lp(a) lipoprotein in transgenic mice, J. Clin. Invest., 85, 1542, 10.1172/JCI114602 · DOI · Paper page
- Ramharack, 1999, Recombinant adenovirus vector mediated expression of lipoprotein (a) [Lp(a)] in rabbit plasma, Biochim. Biophys. Acta., 1438, 322, 10.1016/S1388-1981(99)00065-7 · DOI
- Fan, 2000, Defects of the LDL receptor in WHHL transgenic rabbits lead to a marked accumulation of plasma lipoprotein [a], J. Lipid Res., 41, 1004, 10.1016/S0022-2275(20)32043-5 · DOI
- Woollett, 1995, Apolipoprotein E competitively inhibits receptor-dependent low density lipoprotein uptake by the liver but has no effect on cholesterol absorption or synthesis in the mouse, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA., 92, 12500, 10.1073/pnas.92.26.12500 · DOI
- Tiebel, 1999, Mouse very low-density lipoprotein receptor (VLDLR): gene structure, tissue-specific expression and dietary and developmental regulation, Atherosclerosis., 145, 239, 10.1016/S0021-9150(99)00068-4 · DOI
- Zheng, 1994, Organ distribution in rats of two members of the low-density lipoprotein receptor gene family, gp330 and LRP/alpa 2MR, and the receptor-associated protein (RAP), J. Histochem. Cytochem., 42, 531, 10.1177/42.4.7510321 · DOI
- Bottalico, 1993, Cholesterol loading of macrophages leads to marked enhancement of native lipoprotein(a) and apoprotein(a) internalization and degradation, J. Biol. Chem., 268, 8569, 10.1016/S0021-9258(18)52913-6 · DOI
- Fless, 1986, Physicochemical properties of apolipoprotein(a) and lipoprotein(a) derived from the dissociation of human plasma lipoprotein (a), J. Biol. Chem., 261, 8712, 10.1016/S0021-9258(19)84439-3 · DOI
- Spiess, 1990, The asialoglycoprotein receptor: a model for endocytic transport receptors, Biochemistry., 29, 10009, 10.1021/bi00495a001 · DOI
- Wu, 1998, Increased liver uptake of liposomes and improved targeting efficacy by labeling with asialofetuin in rodents, Hepatology., 27, 772, 10.1002/hep.510270319 · DOI
- Keesler, 1996, The binding activity of the macrophage lipoprotein(a)/apolipoprotein(a) receptor is induced by cholesterol via a post-translational mechanism and recognizes distinct kringle domains on apolipoprotein(a), J. Biol. Chem., 271, 32096, 10.1074/jbc.271.50.32096 · DOI
- Devlin, 2005, An apolipoprotein(a) peptide delays chylomicron remnant clearance and increases plasma remnant lipoproteins and atherosclerosis in vivo, Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol., 25, 1704, 10.1161/01.ATV.0000170819.57945.03 · DOI
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Effects of PCSK9 inhibition with alirocumab on lipoprotein metabolism in healthy humans
Reyes-Soffer, G., Pavlyha, M., Ngai, C., Thomas, T., Holleran, S., Ramakrishnan, R., Karmally, W., Nandakumar, R., Fontanez, N., Obunike, J., et al. (2017) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/circulationaha.116.025253 · Cited by 240
Hepatic sortilin regulates both apolipoprotein B secretion and LDL catabolism
Strong, A., Ding, Q., Edmondson, A. C., Millar, J. S., Sachs, K. V., Li, X., Kumaravel, A., Wang, M. Y., Ai, D., Guo, L., et al. (2012) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci63563 · Cited by 222
Self-citationMerki, E., Graham, M. J., Mullick, A. E., Miller, E. R., Crooke, R. M., Pitas, R. E., Witztum, J. L., & Tsimikas, S. (2008) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/circulationaha.108.786822 · Cited by 156
The role of oxidized phospholipids in mediating lipoprotein(a) atherogenicity
Tsimikas, S., & Witztum, J. L. (2008) · Current Opinion in Lipidology · doi:10.1097/mol.0b013e328308b622 · Cited by 138
Merki, E., Graham, M., Taleb, A., Leibundgut, G., Yang, X., Miller, E. R., Fu, W., Mullick, A. E., Lee, R., Willeit, P., et al. (2011) · Journal of the American College of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2010.10.052 · Cited by 124
Gao, R.-H., Liu, B., Yang, Y., Ran, R., Zhou, Y., & Liu, S.-M. (2023) · Diabetes, Metabolic Syndrome and Obesity · doi:10.2147/dmso.s409410 · Cited by 17
Hepatic Lipoprotein Metabolism: Current and Future In Vitro Cell-Based Systems
Kiss, I., Neuwert, N., Oberle, R., Hengstschläger, M., Osmanagic-Myers, S., & Stangl, H. (2025) · Biomolecules · doi:10.3390/biom15070956 · Cited by 11
Functional interrogation of cellular Lp(a) uptake by genome-scale CRISPR screening
Khan, T. G., Bragazzi Cunha, J., Raut, C., Burroughs, M., Vyas, H. S., Leix, K., Goonewardena, S. N., Smrcka, A. V., Speliotes, E. K., & Emmer, B. T. (2025) · Atherosclerosis · doi:10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2025.119174 · Cited by 6
Metadata
- Authors
- Cain, W. J., Millar, J. S., Himebauch, A. S., Tietge, U. J. F., Maugeais, C., Usher, D., & Rader, D. J.
- Venue
- Journal of Lipid Research
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2005-12
- Volume
- 46
- Issue
- 12
- Pages
- 2681-2691
- ISSN
- 0022-2275
- Cited by
- 107
- References
- 0
- Language
- en
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review