Sympathetic nervous system control of triglyceride metabolism: novel concepts derived from recent studies
Open accessAbstract
Important players in triglyceride (TG) metabolism include the liver (production), white adipose tissue (WAT) (storage), heart and skeletal muscle (combustion to generate ATP), and brown adipose tissue (BAT) (combustion toward heat), the collective action of which determine plasma TG levels. Interestingly, recent evidence points to a prominent role of the hypothalamus in TG metabolism through innervating the liver, WAT, and BAT mainly via sympathetic branches of the autonomic nervous system. Here, we review the recent findings in the area of sympathetic control of TG metabolism. Various neuronal populations, such as neuropeptide Y (NPY)-expressing neurons and melanocortin-expressing neurons, as well as peripherally produced hormones (i.e., GLP-1, leptin, and insulin), modulate sympathetic outflow from the hypothalamus toward target organs and thereby influence peripheral TG metabolism. We conclude that sympathetic stimulation in general increases lipolysis in WAT, enhances VLDL-TG production by the liver, and increases the activity of BAT with respect to lipolysis of TG, followed by combustion of fatty acids toward heat. Moreover, the increased knowledge about the involvement of the neuroendocrine system in TG metabolism presented in this review offers new therapeutic options to fight hypertriglyceridemia by specifically modulating sympathetic nervous system outflow toward liver, BAT, or WAT.
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Increased SNS tone in WAT could be directly triggered by hypoglycemia sensing in the brain.
“This increased SNS tone in WAT could be directly triggered by hypoglycemia sensing in the brain 67, 68.”
From Inter‐organ communication: a gatekeeper for metabolic health (2019) · cites this paper as [68]
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Stern, J. H., Rutkowski, J. M., & Scherer, P. E. (2016) · Cell Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.cmet.2016.04.011 · Cited by 1,031 · see citing works
Inter‐organ communication: a gatekeeper for metabolic health
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Loss of dorsomedial hypothalamic GLP-1 signaling reduces BAT thermogenesis and increases adiposity
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The circadian clock control of adipose tissue physiology and metabolism
Lekkas, D., & Paschos, G. K. (2019) · Autonomic Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.autneu.2019.05.001 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
- Authors
- Geerling, J. J., Boon, M. R., Kooijman, S., Parlevliet, E. T., Havekes, L. M., Romijn, J. A., Meurs, I. M., & Rensen, P. C. N.
- Affiliations
- Leiden University Medical Center (NL)
- Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research (NL)
- Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam (NL)
- Corresponding author
- Boon, Mariëtte R.
- Venue
- Journal of Lipid Research
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2014-02
- Volume
- 55
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 180-189
- ISSN
- 0022-2275 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC3886657
- OpenAlex
- W2155317536
- Cited by
- 137
- References
- 99
- Citations by year
- 2026: 7 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 9 · 2022: 15 · 2021: 16 · 2020: 11 · 2019: 8 · 2018: 10 · 2017: 24 · 2016: 10 · 2015: 8 · 2014: 6
- FWCI
- 0.88
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Journal of Lipid Research (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- TNO Repository (submittedVersion)
- Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS) (submittedVersion)
- Leiden Repository (Leiden University) (submittedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Pure Amsterdam UMC (submittedVersion)
- Repository hosted by TU Delft Library (TU Delft) (submittedVersion)
- Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Funders
- Diabetes Fonds
- Leids Universitair Medisch Centrum
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Adipose Tissue and Metabolism
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Endocrine and Autonomic Systems › Regulation of Appetite and Obesity
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Biochemistry › Lipid metabolism and biosynthesis
- Keywords
- sympathetic nervous system, triglyceride metabolism, hypothalamus, neuropeptide Y neurons, glucagon-like peptide-1, leptin, insulin, lipolysis, white adipose tissue, brown adipose tissue, hypertriglyceridemia, neuroendocrine regulation, thermogenesis
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Adipose Tissue, Brown, Humans, Lipoproteins, Liver, Sympathetic Nervous System, Triglycerides, Adipose Tissue, White
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
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