Adiponectin, Leptin, and Fatty Acids in the Maintenance of Metabolic Homeostasis through Adipose Tissue Crosstalk
Open accessAbstract
Metabolism research has made tremendous progress over the last several decades in establishing the adipocyte as a central rheostat in the regulation of systemic nutrient and energy homeostasis. Operating at multiple levels of control, the adipocyte communicates with organ systems to adjust gene expression, glucoregulatory hormone exocytosis, enzymatic reactions, and nutrient flux to equilibrate the metabolic demands of a positive or negative energy balance. The identification of these mechanisms has great potential to identify novel targets for the treatment of diabetes and related metabolic disorders. Herein, we review the central role of the adipocyte in the maintenance of metabolic homeostasis, highlighting three critical mediators: adiponectin, leptin, and fatty acids.
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During ageing, the extant adipocytes gradually develop resistance to insulin, leptin, fibroblast growth factor-21 (FGF21), and other secreted factors, leading to further elevation in local glucose and lipid concentrations.
“During ageing, the extant adipocytes gradually develop resistance to insulin, leptin, fibroblast growth factor‐21 (FGF21), and other secreted factors, leading to further elevation in local glucose and lipid concentrations.[ 27 ]”
From Pathogenesis of sarcopenia and the relationship with fat mass: descriptive review (2022) · cites this paper as [27]
FAO is activated in insulin resistance, in which free fatty acids provide a compensatory fuel for repressed glucose uptake.
“Likewise, FAO is activated in insulin resistance, in which free fatty acids provide a compensatory fuel for repressed glucose uptake.62,63”
From The multifaceted contributions of mitochondria to cellular metabolism (2018) · cites this paper as [62]
Leptin suppresses food intake and production of adrenal corticosteroids while promoting energy expenditure and decreasing insulin secretion.
“Indeed, leptin suppresses food intake and the production of adrenal corticosteroids while promoting energy expenditure and decreasing insulin secretion 38, 39.”
From Inter‐organ communication: a gatekeeper for metabolic health (2019) · cites this paper as [39]
A truncated globular form of adiponectin promotes muscle fatty acid oxidation, decreases muscle ceramides, and overall improves insulin sensitivity.
“A truncated globular form of adiponectin has also been shown to promote muscle fatty acid oxidation, decrease muscle ceramides, and overall improve insulin sensitivity, whether or not this globular adiponectin mimics the function of the multimeric adiponectin complexes found in circulation remains to be demonstrated 39.”
From Inter‐organ communication: a gatekeeper for metabolic health (2019) · cites this paper as [39]
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- Authors
- Stern, J. H., Rutkowski, J. M., & Scherer, P. E.
- Affiliations
- The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center (US)
- Corresponding author
- Scherer, Philipp E.
- Venue
- Cell Metabolism
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2016-05
- Volume
- 23
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 770-784
- ISSN
- 1550-4131 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC4864949
- OpenAlex
- W2361659253
- Cited by
- 1,031
- References
- 188
- Citations by year
- 2026: 61 · 2025: 86 · 2024: 98 · 2023: 105 · 2022: 129 · 2021: 153 · 2020: 142 · 2019: 103 · 2018: 82 · 2017: 61 · 2016: 11
- FWCI
- 11.60
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Cell Metabolism (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (F32DK107058, R01DK055758, P01DK088761, R01DK099110, T32DK007307)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Adipokines, Inflammation, and Metabolic Diseases
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Adipose Tissue and Metabolism
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Endocrine and Autonomic Systems › Regulation of Appetite and Obesity
- Keywords
- adiponectin, leptin, fatty acids, adipocytes, metabolic homeostasis, energy homeostasis, nutrient regulation, energy balance, diabetes mellitus, metabolic disorders
- MeSH terms
- Adipose Tissue, Animals, Energy Metabolism, Fatty Acids, Homeostasis, Leptin, Adiponectin
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Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
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