Music and the brain

ZATORRE, ROBERT J.

doi:10.1196/annals.1284.001

Cited by 165Neuroscience and Music PerceptionNeurobiology of Language and BilingualismTactile and Sensory Interactions

Music and the brain

ZATORRE, ROBERT J.·2003·Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences

DOI 10.1196/annals.1284.001

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Abstract

The aim of this paper is to illustrate how studying music from a neuroscience perspective may be a valuable way to probe a variety of complex cognitive functions and their neural substrate. Three different sets of issues are described. First, studies dealing with the brain correlates of musical imagery are discussed. This topic is of interest in that it illustrates how subjective sensations may be studied via objective techniques, and gives insight into neural systems associated with internal phenomena. Second, some findings pertaining to absolute pitch are presented. Absolute pitch is a useful example of a highly specific cognitive skill that is unevenly distributed in the population. Examination of its neural basis helps to understand aspects of memory function and points to ways to explore individual differences in brain organization that underlie differential skills. The final topic, music and emotion, has not been the subject of much systematic research, but it is of great interest because it intersects with a large literature on the neuroscience of affective processing. Findings from some studies indicate that music may engage systems concerned with biological reward, raising interesting but so far unanswered questions about the broader role of music in human experience.

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Sound can exert a significant action on the brain by activating a large number of cortical and subcortical areas, particularly the limbic and paralimbic areas devoted to emotional processing.
“Studies showed that sound can exert a significant action on the brain (200–204) by activating a large number of cortical and subcortical areas, and, particularly, the limbic and paralimbic areas devoted to emotional processing (205).”
From The Multidisciplinary Approach to Alzheimer’s Disease and Dementia. A Narrative Review of Non-Pharmacological Treatment (2018) · cites this paper as [200]

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“including the brain mechanisms by which biological rewards are processed (Zatorre, 2003).”
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Music Education for Changing Times
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Amusia after right frontal resection for epilepsy with singing seizures: case report and review of the literature
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The Neural Code of Pitch and Harmony
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“These findings may be partially explained by the fact that pleasurable music has an impact on the part of the brain that regulates feelings and is involved in reward and pleasure (Zatorre, 2003; Koelsch, 2010).”
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The “consonance effect” and the hemispheres: A study on a split-brain patient
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“…2001 Gustems & Calderón, 2004 Juslin, 2003 Koelsch, 2010, 2015 North & Hargreaves, 2003 Robinson, 1995 Soria-Urios, Duque, & Vuilleumier & Trost, 2015 Zatorre, 2003 Altenmuller, Gruhn, Parlitz, & Liebert, 2000 Collins, 2013 (rev.) Gruhn, 2005 Gustems Carnicer, 2001 Hallam, 2010…”
Contributions to singing ability by the posterior portion of the superior temporal gyrus of the non-language-dominant hemisphere: First evidence from subdural cortical stimulation, Wada testing, and fMRI
Suarez, R. O., Golby, A. J., Whalen, S., Sato, S., Theodore, W. H., Kufta, C. V., Devinsky, O., Balish, M., & Bromfield, E. B. (2009) · Cortex · doi:10.1016/j.cortex.2009.04.010 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
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EEG Analysis of the Contribution of Music Therapy and Virtual Reality to the Improvement of Cognition in Alzheimer’s Disease
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“The initial state of the brain suggests individual differences are observable at all levels of analysis, ranging, for example, from molecular and synaptic differences to higherlevel differences in functional systems and cognition (Zatorre, 2003).”
Background
August Knoblauch and amusia: A nineteenth-century cognitive model of music
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“An extensive literature on this topic precludes more than cursory mention (for reviews see [6,7]).”
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Expressive Aprosody and Amusia as a Manifestation of Right Hemisphere Seizures
Bautista, R. E. D., & Ciampetti, M. Z. (2003) · Epilepsia · doi:10.1046/j.1528-1157.2003.36502.x · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Dementia, Identity, and Spirituality
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MELFuSION: Synthesizing Music from Image and Language Cues Using Diffusion Models
Chowdhury, S., Nag, S., Joseph, K. J., Srinivasan, B. V., & Manocha, D. (2024) · IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition/Proceedings - IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition/Proceedings · doi:10.1109/cvpr52733.2024.02533 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Medicine and Music: Three Relations Considered
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Management of nerve compression syndrome in musicians
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“Music, in fact, is deeply linked to both the sensory tactile-acoustic perceptual system and the motor system, for which it is a powerful trigger of entrainment [61], and can act as a bridge for the dialogue between complementary networks fundamental to self-perception, such as the sensory and motor systems.”
Background
Disorders of Musical Cognition
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“…the notion of subjective auditory experience during music imagery by showing concomitant activation of auditory brain areas in the absence of acoustic input (Brodsky, Kessler, Rubinstein, Ginsborg, & Henik, 2008; Gordon, 1975; Halpern, 2001; Hubbard, 2010; Zatorre, 2003; Zatorre & Halpern, 2005).”
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Distinguishing Violinists and Pianists Based on Their Brain Signals
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Musik mit Entspannungsanleitung bei Patienten mit Schmerzen
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Neuroscience, the Food of Musical Culture?
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Recurrent refrains in a patient with multiple sclerosis: Earworms or musical hallucinations?
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Authors: ZATORRE, R. J.
Affiliations: Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital (CA)
Corresponding author: ZATORRE, ROBERT J.
ORCID: ZATORRE, ROBERT J.
Venue: Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
Publisher: Wiley
Published: 2003-11
Volume: 999
Issue: 1
Pages: 4-14
ISSN: 0077-8923 (ISSN-L)
1749-6632
DOI: 10.1196/annals.1284.001
OpenAlex: W2005527477
Cited by: 165
References: 44
Citations by year: 2026: 4 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 2 · 2020: 5 · 2019: 3 · 2018: 5 · 2017: 3 · 2016: 6 · 2015: 7 · 2014: 12 · 2013: 11 · 2012: 10
FWCI: 1.21
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor (vor, 815 d)
Locations: Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neuroscience and Music Perception
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neurobiology of Language and Bilingualism
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Tactile and Sensory Interactions
Keywords: music cognition, musical imagery, absolute pitch, music and emotion, neural correlates of music, memory, individual differences, reward processing, emotional processing
MeSH terms: Auditory Perception, Brain, Humans, Music

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