A Potential Role for Estrogen in Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis and Multiple Sclerosis

OFFNER, HALINA; POLANCZYK, MAGDALENA

doi:10.1196/annals.1386.021

Cited by 102Multiple Sclerosis Research StudiesEstrogen and related hormone effectsPsoriasis: Treatment and Pathogenesis

A Potential Role for Estrogen in Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis and Multiple Sclerosis

OFFNER, HALINA, POLANCZYK, MAGDALENA·2006·Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences

DOI 10.1196/annals.1386.021

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Abstract

Abstract: The extensive literature and the work from our laboratory illustrate the large number of complex processes affected by estrogen that might contribute to the striking ability of 17‐β estradiol (E2) and its derivatives to inhibit clinical and histological signs of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) in mice. These effects require sustained exposure to relatively low doses of exogenous hormone and offer better protection when initiated prior to induction of EAE. The E2 mediates inhibition of encephalitogenic T cells, inhibition of cell migration into central nervous system tissue, and neuroprotective effects that promote axon and myelin survival. E2 effects on EAE are mediated through Esr‐1(α receptor for E2) but not Esr‐2(β receptor for E2), as are its anti‐inflammatory and neuroprotective effects. A novel finding is that E2 upregulated the expression of FoxP3 that contributes to the activity of CD4 + CD25 + T regulatory cells (Treg). The protective effects of E2 in EAE suggest its use as a therapy for multiple sclerosis (MS). Possible risks may be minimized by using sub‐pregnancy levels of exogenous E2 that produced synergistic effects when used in combination with another immunoregulatory therapy. Alternatively, one might envision using E2 derivatives alone or in combination therapies in both male and female MS patients.

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In EAE, administration of estrogens leads to functional benefits.
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Estrogens Counteract the Profibrotic Effects of TGF-β and their Inhibition Exacerbates Experimental Dermal Fibrosis
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Gender-Specific Expression of β1 Integrin of VLA-4 in Myelin Basic Protein-Primed T Cells: Implications for Gender Bias in Multiple Sclerosis
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Self-citation

Authors: OFFNER, H., & POLANCZYK, M.
Affiliations: Oregon Health & Science University (US)
Corresponding author: OFFNER, HALINA
ORCID: OFFNER, HALINA
Venue: Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
Publisher: Wiley
Published: 2006-11
Volume: 1089
Issue: 1
Pages: 343-372
ISSN: 0077-8923 (ISSN-L)
1749-6632
DOI: 10.1196/annals.1386.021
OpenAlex: W2090865102
Cited by: 102
References: 112
Citations by year: 2026: 3 · 2025: 4 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 2 · 2020: 2 · 2019: 6 · 2018: 7 · 2017: 7 · 2016: 5 · 2015: 8 · 2014: 4 · 2013: 1 · 2012: 11
FWCI: 0.87
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor (vor, 40 d)
Locations: Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders: National Multiple Sclerosis Society
National Institutes of Health
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Pathology and Forensic Medicine › Multiple Sclerosis Research Studies
Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Estrogen and related hormone effects
Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Psoriasis: Treatment and Pathogenesis
Keywords: estrogen, estradiol, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, multiple sclerosis, estrogen receptor alpha, estrogen receptor beta, Foxp3, regulatory T cells, neuroprotection, encephalitogenic T cells, anti-inflammatory activity, immunomodulatory therapy, sex differences
MeSH terms: Animals, Central Nervous System, Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental, Estradiol, Estrogens, Humans, Multiple Sclerosis, Cytokines, T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory, Mice

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A Potential Role for Estrogen in Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis and Multiple Sclerosis

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