Population-based randomized controlled trial of a stage-targeted physical activity intervention
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Intervention trials with self-selected participants have shown that mailed stage-targeted print materials can increase participation in physical activity in the short term. We examined the effects of a mailed stage-targeted print intervention designed to promote physical activity, in a random sample of adults living in a regional city. METHOD: Participants (n = 462, 40-60 years of age) were randomly allocated to an intervention (n = 227) or control group (n = 235). Measures included validated 2-week physical activity recall and stage of motivational readiness for physical activity. The intervention consisted of a single mailing of a letter and full-color stage-targeted booklets (specific to precontemplation, contemplation, preparation, and action/maintenance) 1 week postbaseline. Follow-up interviews were conducted at 2 and 6 months postbaseline. RESULTS: After 2 months, participants in the intervention group were significantly more likely to meet the current American College of Sports Medicine/Centers for Disease Control and Prevention recommendation for sufficient physical activity than those in the control group (adjusted odds ratio [OR] = 2.40; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.44-3.99). After 6 months, intervention participants who reported receiving and reading the intervention materials were significantly more likely to be meeting the sufficient physical activity criterion compared with the control group (adjusted OR = 2.03; 95% CI = 1.16-3.56). CONCLUSIONS: The stage-targeted print intervention was effective in promoting short-term increases in physical activity and was most effective for participants who recognized and used the materials. This low-cost, generalizable intervention has demonstrated potential as a practical population-based physical activity promotion strategy. Further research is required before widespread dissemination would be justified, as additional strategies may be required to ensure sustained change.
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Print materials can be effective in improving behaviors and outcomes related to walking and other physical activities, alcohol problems, and emotional disorders.
“Indeed, studies have found print materials to be effective in improving behaviors and outcomes related to walking and other physical activities [16,17], alcohol problems [18], and emotional disorders [19].”
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- Authors
- Marshall, A. L., Bauman, A. E., Owen, N., Booth, M. L., Crawford, D., & Marcus, B. H.
- Affiliations
- The University of Queensland (AU)
- UNSW Sydney (AU)
- Children's Hospital at Westmead (AU)
- Deakin University (AU)
- Brown University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Marshall, Alison L.
- Venue
- Annals of Behavioral Medicine
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 2003-06
- Volume
- 25
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 194-202
- ISSN
- 0742-5554 (ISSN-L)
- 0883-6612
- 1532-4796
- OpenAlex
- W2098554232
- Cited by
- 82
- References
- 35
- Citations by year
- 2025: 1 · 2023: 1 · 2022: 2 · 2019: 2 · 2018: 1 · 2017: 1 · 2016: 2 · 2015: 4 · 2014: 4 · 2013: 4 · 2012: 2
- FWCI
- 4.42
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Annals of Behavioral Medicine (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Deakin Research Online (Deakin University) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Physical Activity and Health
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Applied Psychology › Behavioral Health and Interventions
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Substance Abuse Treatment and Outcomes
- Keywords
- physical activity promotion, transtheoretical model, motivational readiness, precontemplation, contemplation, preparation, physical activity guidelines, population-level interventions
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Motor Activity, Population Surveillance, Time Factors, Body Mass Index
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