The still-face: A history of a shared experimental paradigm
Abstract
When faced by a suddenly unresponsive social partner, young infants typically react by sobering and gazing away. This still‐face reaction has intrigued researchers for several decades. In this article, we present a history of the still‐face paradigm in which we locate early observations of the still‐face effect, describe the formalization of a procedure that reliably produces it, and discuss how this procedure has been used to investigate a broad range of questions about early social and emotional development. In addition, we reflect on the heuristic value of shared experimental paradigms.
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The face-to-face still-face paradigm used was well-validated.
“Father and infant were observed in the well-validated face-to-face still-face paradigm (FTFSF) (43)”
From Oxytocin administration to parent enhances infant physiological and behavioral readiness for social engagement (2012) · cites this paper as [43]
There is evidence for a reliable physiological still-face effect.
“Along with the well-documented behavioral still-face effect (Adamson & Frick, 2003) is evidence for a reliable physiological still-face effect.”
From Mother-infant vagal regulation in the face-to-face still-face paradigm is moderated by maternal sensitivity (2009) · cites this paper as Adamson & Frick, 2003
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- Authors
- Adamson, L. B., & Frick, J. E.
- Affiliations
- Georgia State University (US)
- University of Georgia (US)
- Corresponding author
- Adamson, Lauren B.
- ORCID
- Adamson, Lauren B.
- Venue
- Infancy
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2003-10
- Volume
- 4
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 451-473
- ISSN
- 1525-0008 (ISSN-L)
- 1532-7078
- OpenAlex
- W2109725534
- Semantic Scholar
- fe2f4120d0d0208a29e70c7f59e7c042a9590f05
- Cited by
- 449
- References
- 90
- Citations by year
- 2026: 10 · 2025: 15 · 2024: 16 · 2023: 12 · 2022: 28 · 2021: 37 · 2020: 77 · 2019: 22 · 2018: 14 · 2017: 20 · 2016: 18 · 2015: 23 · 2014: 15 · 2013: 25 · 2012: 13
- FWCI
- 14.61
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Infancy (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Child and Animal Learning Development
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Face Recognition and Perception
- Keywords
- still-face paradigm, infant social development, infant emotional development
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