Cited by 661Motivation and Self-Concept in SportsPsychometric Methodologies and TestingPsychological Testing and Assessment

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Development and Initial Validation of a Measure of Autonomy, Competence, and Relatedness in Exercise: The Basic Psychological Needs in Exercise Scale

Vlachopoulos, Symeon P., Michailidou, Sotiria·2006·Measurement in Physical Education and Exercise Science

DOI 10.1207/s15327841mpee1003_4

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Abstract

The development process and initial validation of the Basic Psychological Needs in Exercise Scale (BPNES) are presented in this study. The BPNES is a domain-specific self-report instrument designed to assess perceptions of the extent to which the innate needs for autonomy, competence, and relatedness (Deci & Ryan, 2000) are satisfied in exercise. Two separate samples of 508 and 504 participants were employed from private fitness centers for scale calibration and validation purposes, respectively. The results demonstrated an adequate factor structure, internal consistency, generalizability of the factor dimensionality across the calibration and the validation samples, discriminant validity and predictive validity; acceptable stability of the BPNES scores over 4 weeks also was found. In addition, the scale scores were found to be largely unaffected by socially desirable responding and specifically the tendency for impression management.

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“The items for "autonomy" were taken from the studies conducted by den Broeck et al. (2010), Vlachopoulos and Michailidou (2006), and Ryan and Deci (2000); whereby the study performed by Khalek (2015) was used for the items of "attitude".”
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Do Nudges Harm Autonomy?
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Rugby feminino em Portugal: Do que leva as mulheres a participarem às barreiras que têm de enfrentar
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9. Teaching represented
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อทธพลของการเขารวมกจกรรมยามวางตอความพงพอใจในชวตของผสงวย โดยมความตองการพนฐาน ดานจตใจเปนตวแปรสงผาน และเหตผลในการเขารวมกจกรรมยามวางเปนตวแปรกำกบ
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Concepts and Measures of Autonomy in Positive Psychology
Fernandes, C. C. S., Neto, F. F. M., Fernandes, S. B., de Alencar, T. L. F., & Costa, P. (2025) · International Journal of Positivity & Well-Being · doi:10.61518/ijpw-68
“Some studies measured autonomy as a basic need in specific contexts, such as the Adolescent Students' Basic Psychological Needs at School Scale (Tian et al., 2014), which considered autonomy in the school environment, the Basic Psychological Need Satisfaction at Work Scale (Deci et al., 2001) applied to the work envir…”

Authors: Vlachopoulos, S. P., & Michailidou, S.
Affiliations: Aristotle University of Thessaloniki (GR)
ORCID: Vlachopoulos, Symeon P.
Venue: Measurement in Physical Education and Exercise Science
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Published: 2006-09
Volume: 10
Issue: 3
Pages: 179-201
ISSN: 1091-367X (ISSN-L)
1532-7841
DOI: 10.1207/s15327841mpee1003_4
OpenAlex: W1998733243
Cited by: 661
References: 57
Citations by year: 2026: 40 · 2025: 36 · 2024: 40 · 2023: 47 · 2022: 44 · 2021: 44 · 2020: 52 · 2019: 51 · 2018: 48 · 2017: 32 · 2016: 38 · 2015: 49 · 2014: 31 · 2013: 31 · 2012: 26
FWCI: 8.64
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: Measurement in Physical Education and Exercise Science (publishedVersion)
Topics: Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Motivation and Self-Concept in Sports
Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › Management Science and Operations Research › Psychometric Methodologies and Testing
Social Sciences › Psychology › Applied Psychology › Psychological Testing and Assessment
Keywords: autonomy, competence, relatedness, self-determination theory, exercise motivation, scale development, psychometric validation, impression management, social desirability bias

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Development and Initial Validation of a Measure of Autonomy, Competence, and Relatedness in Exercise: The Basic Psychological Needs in Exercise Scale

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