The DOI matches its Crossref record; 70 of the 71 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Composition, Efficacy, and Safety of Spinach Extracts
Abstract
Spinach leaves, containing several active components, including flavonoids, exhibit antioxidative, antiproliferative, and antiinflammatory properties in biological systems. Spinach extracts have been demonstrated to exert numerous beneficial effects, such as chemo- and central nervous system protection and anticancer and antiaging functions. In this review article, we present a compilation of data generated in our laboratories and those of other investigators describing the chemical composition of spinach, its beneficial effects, relative safety information, and its recommended inclusion in the human diet. A powerful, water-soluble, natural antioxidant mixture (NAO), which specifically inhibits the lipoxygenase enzyme, was isolated from spinach leaves. The antioxidative activity of NAO has been compared to that of other known antioxidants and found to be superior in vitro and in vivo to that of green tea, N-acetylcysteine (NAC), butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT), and vitamin E. NAO has been tested for safety and is well tolerated in several species, such as mouse, rat, and rabbit. NAO has been found to be nonmutagenic and has shown promising anticarcinogenic effects in a few experimental models, such as skin and prostate cancer; it has not shown any target-organ toxicity or side effects. The current review provides epidemiological and preclinical data supporting the efficacy of extracts of spinach and the safety of its consumption.
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“It is quite plausible that other non-ecdysteroid compounds are present in spinach with anabolic activity [2].”
From Ecdysteroid Content and Therapeutic Activity in Elicited Spinach Accessions (2020) · cites this paper as [2]
Citations
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Functional Properties of Spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.) Phytochemicals and Bioactives
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Metadata
- Authors
- Lomnitski, L., Bergman, M., Nyska, A., Ben-Shaul, V., & Grossman, S.
- Affiliations
- Bar-Ilan University (IL)
- ORCID
- Nyska, Abraham
- Venue
- Nutrition and Cancer
- Publisher
- Informa UK Limited
- Published
- 2003-07
- Volume
- 46
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 222-231
- ISSN
- 0163-5581 (ISSN-L)
- 1532-7914
- OpenAlex
- W2028545626
- Cited by
- 105
- References
- 71
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 10 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 6 · 2020: 6 · 2019: 6 · 2018: 4 · 2017: 8 · 2016: 3 · 2015: 4 · 2014: 9 · 2013: 4 · 2012: 2
- FWCI
- 0.34
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Nutrition and Cancer (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Biochemistry (medical) › Phytochemicals and Antioxidant Activities
- Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Food Science and Nutritional Studies
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Plant Science › Medicinal Plant Research
- Keywords
- spinach, spinach extract, lipoxygenase inhibition, flavonoids, antioxidant activity, anticarcinogenic activity, skin cancer, prostate cancer, food safety, dietary phytochemicals, anti-aging
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Antineoplastic Agents, Antioxidants, Estrogens, Food Hypersensitivity, Health Promotion, Humans, Plant Extracts, Antimutagenic Agents, Spinacia oleracea
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