The DOI matches its Crossref record; 13 of the 13 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
A Theoretical Model of Triggered Displaced Aggression
Abstract
A tit-for-tat matching rule (Axelrod, 1984) describes much interpersonal behavior. Yet, in daily lift a retaliatory aggressive response to a trivially mild provocation often inappropriately exceeds that expected from the matching rule. The concept of triggered displaced aggression can explain these exceptions to the matching principle. Building from the Cognitive Neoassociationistic model of aggressive behavior (Berkowitz, 1989, 1990, 1993), we developed a theoretical framework of social and personality factors that moderate and mediate the disjunctively escalated retaliation that can result from triggered displaced aggression. Major explanatory factors in our analysis of such effcts are as follows: (a) aspects of the Time 1 provocation and the immediate situation in which it occurred; (b) characteristics of initial provocations and personality factors of the actor that produce the ruminative thought that will temporally extend the effects of a Time 1 provocation, allowing them to interact with a delayed Time 2 minor triggering event; and (c) actions and attributes of the target of displaced aggression that augment these effects.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Buss, A. H., & Perry, M. (1992) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.63.3.452 · Cited by 4,693
Bower, G. H. (1981) · American Psychologist · doi:10.1037/0003-066x.36.2.129 · Cited by 4,154
Nolen-Hoeksema, S., & Morrow, J. (1991) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.61.1.115 · Cited by 3,276
Relation of threatened egotism to violence and aggression: The dark side of high self-esteem.
Baumeister, R. F., Smart, L., & Boden, J. M. (1996) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037/0033-295x.103.1.5 · Cited by 2,378 · cited 1×
“Its psychological connection to the high, but unstable, self-esteem linked by Baumeister et al. (1996) to aggressive responding bears exploration.”
BackgroundFrustration-aggression hypothesis: Examination and reformulation.
Berkowitz, L. (1989) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.106.1.59 · Cited by 2,283
Paradoxical effects of thought suppression.
Wegner, D. M., Schneider, D. J., Carter, S. R., & White, T. L. (1987) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037//0022-3514.53.1.5 · Cited by 2,127
Bushman, B. J., & Baumeister, R. F. (1998) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.75.1.219 · Cited by 2,113
Personality disorders and the five factor model of personality
Costa, P. T., & McCrae, R. R. (1990) · Journal of Personality Disorders · doi:10.1521/pedi.1990.4.4.362 · Cited by 1,653
Pyszczynski, T., & Greenberg, J. (1987) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.102.1.122 · Cited by 825 · cited 1×
“…thought is more likely when one is alone; not engaged in another cognitively demanding activity; facing a mirror; or explicitly performing a self-referring task, such as writing an essay about one’s current mood (Baumeister, 1991; Pyszczynski & Greenberg, 1987; Rusting and Nolen-Hoeksema, 1998).”
BackgroundEffects of responses to depression on the remediation of depressive affect
Morrow, J., & Nolen-Hoeksema, S. (1990) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.58.3.519 · Cited by 645
Cited by
The Staircase to Terrorism: A Psychological Exploration.
Moghaddam, F. M. (2005) · American Psychologist · doi:10.1037/0003-066x.60.2.161 · Cited by 1,208
Chewing on It Can Chew You Up: Effects of Rumination on Triggered Displaced Aggression.
Bushman, B. J., Bonacci, A. M., Pedersen, W. C., Vasquez, E. A., & Miller, N. (2005) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.88.6.969 · Cited by 420
Self-citationVicarious retribution: the role of collective blame in intergroup aggression
Lickel, B., Miller, N., Stenstrom, D. M., Denson, T. F., & Schmader, T. (2006) · Personality and Social Psychology Review · doi:10.1207/s15327957pspr1004_6 · Cited by 345
Who strikes back? A daily investigation of when and why incivility begets incivility.
Rosen, C. C., Koopman, J., Gabriel, A. S., & Johnson, R. E. (2016) · Journal of Applied Psychology · doi:10.1037/apl0000140 · Cited by 300
Could mindfulness decrease anger, hostility, and aggression by decreasing rumination?
Borders, A., Earleywine, M., & Jajodia, A. (2010) · Aggressive Behavior · doi:10.1002/ab.20327 · Cited by 299
Self-citation
Metadata
- Authors
- Miller, N., Pedersen, W. C., Earleywine, M., & Pollock, V. E.
- Venue
- Personality and Social Psychology Review
- Publisher
- SAGE Publications
- Published
- 2003-02
- Volume
- 7
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 75-97
- ISSN
- 1088-8683 (ISSN-L)
- 1532-7957
- OpenAlex
- W2103615876
- Cited by
- 227
- References
- 13
- FWCI
- 8.13
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: A Theoretical Model of Triggered Displaced Aggression. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1207/s15327957pspr0701_5
- The paper
- Miller, N., Pedersen, W. C., Earleywine, M., & Pollock, V. E. (2003). A Theoretical Model of Triggered Displaced Aggression. Personality and Social Psychology Review. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327957pspr0701_5
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
