Cited by 134Personality Traits and PsychologyPsychological Testing and AssessmentEgo Development and Educational Practices

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On Traits, Situations, and Their Integration: A Developmental Perspective

Roberts, Brent W., Pomerantz, Eva M.·2004·Personality and Social Psychology Review

DOI 10.1207/s15327957pspr0804_5

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Abstract

The question of whether the person or the situation is largely responsible for behavior has plagued psychology intermittently for the last half century. Studies of the heritability, stability, and consensual validity of traits have clearly demonstrated the existence of traits. However, there is continuing controversy about the role of traits and situations in the enterprise of personality psychology. The goal of this article is to describe how insights yielded from adopting a developmental approach can foster the successful integration of the person and the situation across the life span. Five key lessons are described: (a) age matters--studying different age groups can lead to biases for and against traits and situations; (b), if age matters, time matters more--longitudinal and within-participant designs demonstrate that traits and situations are reciprocally related; (c) examine multiple types of change--focusing on one type, such as mean-level change, can lead to inappropriate conclusions about the merits of persons or situations; (d) be sensitive to levels of analysis--the relative breadth of persons and situations may determine the relative influence of the two; (e) pay attention to process--process models lead inextricably to transactional explanations.

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Authors: Roberts, B. W., & Pomerantz, E. M.
Affiliations: University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign (US)
ORCID: Roberts, Brent W.
Pomerantz, Eva M.
Venue: Personality and Social Psychology Review
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Published: 2004-11
Volume: 8
Issue: 4
Pages: 402-416
ISSN: 1088-8683 (ISSN-L)
1532-7957
DOI: 10.1207/s15327957pspr0804_5
OpenAlex: W2030233546
Cited by: 134
References: 166
Citations by year: 2026: 1 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 16 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 2 · 2020: 3 · 2019: 2 · 2018: 3 · 2017: 6 · 2016: 5 · 2015: 7 · 2014: 4 · 2013: 2 · 2012: 6
FWCI: 9.98
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: journals.sagepub.com/page/policies/text-and-data-mining-license (tdm)
Locations: Personality and Social Psychology Review (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders: National Institute on Aging (R03 AG 19414, R01 AG21178, R03AG019414, R01AG021178)
National Institute of Mental Health (R01MH057505, R01 MH57505)
Topics: Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Personality Traits and Psychology
Social Sciences › Psychology › Applied Psychology › Psychological Testing and Assessment
Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Ego Development and Educational Practices
Keywords: person-situation interaction, personality traits, situational influences, developmental perspective, lifespan development, heritability of personality, trait stability, longitudinal study design, within-participant design, levels of analysis, process model, age differences in personality
MeSH terms: Age Factors, Behavior, Environment, Humans, Human Development, Personality, Psychological Theory, Time Factors

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On Traits, Situations, and Their Integration: A Developmental Perspective

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