The DOI matches its OpenAlex record; 41 of the 41 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Impact of Progestins on Estrogen-Induced Neuroprotection: Synergy by Progesterone and 19-Norprogesterone and Antagonism by Medroxyprogesterone Acetate
Abstract
Estrogen replacement therapy is associated with improvement of cognitive deficits and reduced incidence of Alzheimer's disease. To compare the impact of therapeutically relevant progestins on estrogen-induced neuroprotection, we treated primary hippocampal neuron cultures with 17beta-E2 and progestin, alone and in combination, 48 h before glutamate insult. Estrogen, progesterone, and 19-norprogesterone, alone or in combination, protected against glutamate toxicity. In contrast, medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) failed to protect against glutamate toxicity. Not only was MPA an ineffective neuroprotectant but it attenuated the estrogen- induced neuroprotection when coadministered. We addressed the role of MAPK activation in neuroprotection by ovarian steroids. Estrogen and all three progestins tested, alone or in combination, activated MAPK, indicating another mechanism of protection. Bcl-2 expression has been shown to prevent cell death and is up-regulated by 17beta-E2. Progesterone and 19-norprogesterone, alone or in combination with estrogen, increased Bcl-2 expression. In contrast, MPA blocked estrogen-induced Bcl-2 expression when coadministered. These results may have important implications for the effective use of hormone replacement therapy in the maintenance of neuronal function during menopause and aging and for protection against neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease.
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Cites
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Cited by
Progesterone receptors: form and function in brain
Brinton, R. D., Thompson, R. F., Foy, M. R., Baudry, M., Wang, J., Finch, C. E., Morgan, T. E., Pike, C. J., Mack, W. J., Stanczyk, F. Z., et al. (2008) · Frontiers in Neuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.yfrne.2008.02.001 · Cited by 675
Self-citationNongenomic steroid action: controversies, questions, and answers
LÖSEL, R. M., FALKENSTEIN, E., FEURING, M., SCHULTZ, A., TILLMANN, H.-C., ROSSOL-HASEROTH, K., & WEHLING, M. (2003) · Physiological Reviews · doi:10.1152/physrev.00003.2003 · Cited by 561
Sex differences in cognitive impairment and Alzheimer’s disease
Li, R., & Singh, M. (2014) · Frontiers in Neuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.yfrne.2014.01.002 · Cited by 527
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Effects of Combination Estrogen Plus Progestin Hormone Treatment on Cognition and Affect
Resnick, S. M., Maki, P. M., Rapp, S. R., Espeland, M. A., Brunner, R., Coker, L. H., Granek, I. A., Hogan, P., Ockene, J. K., & Shumaker, S. A. (2006) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jc.2005-2097 · Cited by 310
Metadata
- Authors
- Nilsen, J., & Brinton, R. D.
- Venue
- Endocrinology
- Publisher
- The Endocrine Society
- Published
- 2002-01
- Volume
- 143
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 205-212
- ISSN
- 0013-7227 (ISSN-L)
- 1945-7170
- OpenAlex
- W2034341467
- Cited by
- 342
- References
- 41
- FWCI
- 10.01
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
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- Nilsen, J., & Brinton, R. D. (2002). Impact of Progestins on Estrogen-Induced Neuroprotection: Synergy by Progesterone and 19-Norprogesterone and Antagonism by Medroxyprogesterone Acetate. Endocrinology. https://doi.org/10.1210/en.143.1.205
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