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Cited by 527Dementia and Cognitive Impairment ResearchMenopause: Health Impacts and TreatmentsSex and Gender in Healthcare

Sex differences in cognitive impairment and Alzheimer’s disease

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Li, Rena, Singh, Meharvan·2014·Frontiers in Neuroendocrinology
DOI 10.1016/j.yfrne.2014.01.002PMC PMC4087048
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Abstract

Studies have shown differences in specific cognitive ability domains and risk of Alzheimer's disease between the men and women at later age. However it is important to know that sex differences in cognitive function during adulthood may have their basis in both organizational effects, i.e., occurring as early as during the neuronal development period, as well as in activational effects, where the influence of the sex steroids influence brain function in adulthood. Further, the rate of cognitive decline with aging is also different between the sexes. Understanding the biology of sex differences in cognitive function will not only provide insight into Alzheimer's disease prevention, but also is integral to the development of personalized, gender-specific medicine. This review draws on epidemiological, translational, clinical, and basic science studies to assess the impact of sex differences in cognitive function from young to old, and examines the effects of sex hormone treatments on Alzheimer's disease in men and women.

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Authors
Li, R., & Singh, M.
Affiliations
  • Roskamp Institute (US)
  • University of North Texas Health Science Center (US)
Corresponding author
Li, Rena
ORCID
Venue
Frontiers in Neuroendocrinology
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
2014-08
Volume
35
Issue
3
Pages
385-403
ISSN
0091-3022 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1016/j.yfrne.2014.01.002
PMC
PMC4087048
OpenAlex
W2060878195
Cited by
527
References
30
Citations by year
2026: 13 · 2025: 65 · 2024: 55 · 2023: 64 · 2022: 68 · 2021: 49 · 2020: 49 · 2019: 44 · 2018: 45 · 2017: 23 · 2016: 33 · 2015: 12 · 2014: 5
FWCI
3.37
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
Locations
  • Frontiers in Neuroendocrinology (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
Funders
National Institute on Aging (P01AG022550, R01AG032441, AG 022550, AG027956, P01AG027956)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Dementia and Cognitive Impairment Research
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Menopause: Health Impacts and Treatments
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Sex and Gender in Healthcare
Keywords
sex differences, cognitive impairment, Alzheimer's disease, cognitive aging, sex hormones, organizational effects, activational effects, sex hormone replacement therapy, gender-specific medicine, cognitive decline
MeSH terms
Alzheimer Disease, Animals, Cognition, Cognition Disorders, Humans, Sex Characteristics, Gonadal Steroid Hormones

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