Androgen receptor immunoreactivity in forebrain axons and dendrites in the rat

DonCarlos, Lydia L.; Garcia-Ovejero, Daniel; Sarkey, Sara; Garcia-Segura, Luis Miguel; Azcoitia, Iñigo

doi:10.1210/en.2002-0105

Cited by 88Estrogen and related hormone effectsNeuroscience and Neuropharmacology ResearchSexual Differentiation and Disorders

Androgen receptor immunoreactivity in forebrain axons and dendrites in the rat

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DonCarlos, Lydia L., Garcia-Ovejero, Daniel, Sarkey, Sara, Garcia-Segura, Luis Miguel, Azcoitia, Iñigo·2003·Endocrinology

DOI 10.1210/en.2002-0105

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Abstract

As members of the steroid receptor superfamily, androgen receptors (ARs) have been traditionally identified as transcription factors. In the presence of ligand, ARs reside in the nucleus, where, upon ligand binding, the receptors dimerize and bind to specific response elements in the promoter region of hormone-responsive genes. However, in this report, we describe the discovery that ARs are also present in axons and dendrites within the mammalian central nervous system. AR expression in axons was identified in the rat brain at the light microscopic level using two different antibodies directed against the N terminus of the AR protein and nickel intensified 3'-3'-diaminobenzidine, and also using fluorescence methods and confocal microscopy. This distribution was confirmed at the ultrastructural level. In addition, AR immunoreactivity was identified in small dendrites at the ultrastructural level. AR-immunoreactive axons were observed primarily in the cerebral cortex and were rare in regions where nuclear AR expression is abundant. The observation that ARs are present in axons and dendrites highlights the possibility that androgens play an important and novel extra-nuclear role in neuronal function.

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AR and both ERs are expressed sparsely in axons and dendrites in the frontal cortex, including on both pre and postsynaptic sites, where they may directly alter synaptic signaling.
“AR and both ERs are expressed sparsely in axons and dendrites in the frontal cortex, including on both pre and postsynaptic sites (DonCarlos et al., 2003; Wang et al., 2010) where they may directly alter synaptic signaling.”
From Does puberty mark a transition in sensitive periods for plasticity in the associative neocortex? (2017) · cites this paper as DonCarlos et al., 2003

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Authors: DonCarlos, L. L., Garcia-Ovejero, D., Sarkey, S., Garcia-Segura, L. M., & Azcoitia, I.
Affiliations: Loyola University Chicago (US)
Corresponding author: DonCarlos, Lydia L.
Venue: Endocrinology
Publisher: The Endocrine Society
Published: 2003-08
Volume: 144
Issue: 8
Pages: 3632-3638
ISSN: 0013-7227 (ISSN-L)
1945-7170
DOI: 10.1210/en.2002-0105
OpenAlex: W2043980476
Cited by: 88
References: 52
Citations by year: 2026: 1 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 1 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 2 · 2020: 3 · 2018: 1 · 2017: 4 · 2016: 7 · 2015: 4 · 2014: 8 · 2013: 8 · 2012: 4
FWCI: 2.96
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: bronze
doi.org
Locations: Endocrinology (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
DIGITAL.CSIC (Spanish National Research Council (CSIC)) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
Topics: Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Estrogen and related hormone effects
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology Research
Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Sexual Differentiation and Disorders
Keywords: androgen receptor, axons, dendrites, forebrain, androgens, cerebral cortex, steroid hormone receptors, ultrastructure, neuronal function
MeSH terms: Amygdala, Animals, Axons, Cell Nucleus, Cerebral Cortex, Dendrites, Fluorescent Antibody Technique, Hypothalamus, Immunohistochemistry, Male, Preoptic Area, Receptors, Androgen, Septal Nuclei, Tissue Distribution, Prosencephalon, Rats, Wistar, Microscopy, Confocal, Rats

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Androgen receptor immunoreactivity in forebrain axons and dendrites in the rat

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