Stress History and Pubertal Development Interact to Shape Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal Axis Plasticity
Abstract
Both the magnitude and the duration of the hormonal stress response change dramatically during neonatal development and aging as well as with prior experience with a stressor. However, surprisingly little is known with regard to how pubertal maturation and experience with stress interact to affect hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis responsiveness. Because adolescence is a period of neurodevelopmental vulnerabilities and opportunities that may be especially sensitive to stress, it is imperative to more fully understand these interactions. Thus, we examined hormonal and neural responses in prepubertal (28 d of age) and adult (77 d of age) male rats after exposure to acute (30 min) or more chronic (30 min/d for 7 d) restraint stress. We report here that after acute stress, prepubertal males exhibited a significantly prolonged hormonal stress response (e.g. ACTH and total and free corticosterone) compared with adults. In contrast, after chronic stress, prepubertal males exhibited a higher response immediately after the stressor, but a faster return to baseline, compared with adults. Additionally, we demonstrate that this differential stress reactivity is associated with differential neuronal activation in the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus, as measured by FOS immunohistochemistry. Using triple-label immunofluorescence histochemistry, we found that a larger proportion of CRH, but not arginine vasopressin, cells are activated in the arginine vasopressin in response to…
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Pre-pubertal and adult male rats exhibit similar CORT and ACTH peak levels following acute stress, but pre-pubertal animals take 30-45 min longer to return to baseline.
“Interestingly, although pre-pubertal and adult male rats exhibit similar CORT and ACTH peak levels following acute stress, pre-pubertal animals take 30–45 min longer to return to baseline levels (Romeo et al., 2006; Romeo, Lee, & McEwen, 2004).”
From Hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal and hypothalamic–pituitary–gonadal axes: sex differences in regulation of stress responsivity (2017) · cites this paper as Romeo et al., 2006
Increased hormonal stress reactivity occurs during puberty and adolescence.
“These findings parallel findings of increased hormonal stress reactivity during puberty and adolescence (Romeo et al., 2006, Folib et al., 2011).”
From The impact of developmental timing for stress and recovery (2015) · cites this paper as Romeo et al., 2006
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“In response to acute stress, we found the prepubertal PVN has a greater number of FOS-ir cells immediately after the 30-min session of restraint stress compared with adults, replicating a recent observation by Viau and colleagues (21).”
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- Authors
- Romeo, R. D., Bellani, R., Karatsoreos, I. N., Chhua, N., Vernov, M., Conrad, C. D., & McEwen, B. S.
- Affiliations
- Rockefeller University (US)
- Arizona State University (US)
- Columbia University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Romeo, Russell D.
- Venue
- Endocrinology
- Publisher
- The Endocrine Society
- Published
- 2006-04-01
- Volume
- 147
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 1664-1674
- ISSN
- 0013-7227 (ISSN-L)
- 1945-7170
- OpenAlex
- W1966656140
- Cited by
- 304
- References
- 5
- Citations by year
- 2026: 10 · 2025: 8 · 2024: 8 · 2023: 8 · 2022: 20 · 2021: 15 · 2020: 11 · 2019: 14 · 2018: 15 · 2017: 19 · 2016: 23 · 2015: 16 · 2014: 23 · 2013: 21 · 2012: 18
- FWCI
- 5.46
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Endocrinology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute of Mental Health (MH-41256, MH-58911, R01MH064727, MH065749, P50MH058911, MH-064727, F32MH065749)
- National Institute of General Medical Sciences (T34-GM-08491, T34GM008491)
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (R01NS007080, NS 07080)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Behavioral Neuroscience › Stress Responses and Cortisol
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Neuroendocrine regulation and behavior
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Reproductive Medicine › Hypothalamic control of reproductive hormones
- Keywords
- hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, pubertal development, restraint stress, stress reactivity, prepubertal rats, chronic stress, acute stress, ACTH, corticosterone, paraventricular nucleus, Fos expression, vasopressin, corticotropin-releasing factor
- MeSH terms
- Adrenocorticotropic Hormone, Animals, Arginine Vasopressin, Carrier Proteins, Corticosterone, Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone, Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System, Male, Neuronal Plasticity, Pituitary-Adrenal System, Sexual Maturation, Stress, Psychological, Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fos, Rats, Sprague-Dawley, Rats
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