Anxiety and Epigenetics
Abstract
Anxiety disorders are highly prevalent psychiatric disorders often comorbid with depression and substance abuse. Twin studies have shown that anxiety disorders are moderately heritable. Yet, genome-wide association studies (GWASs) have failed to identify gene(s) significantly associated with diagnosis suggesting a strong role for environmental factors and the epigenome. A number of anxiety disorder subtypes are considered "stress related." A large focus of research has been on the epigenetic and anxiety-like behavioral consequences of stress. Animal models of anxiety-related disorders have provided strong evidence for the role of stress on the epigenetic control of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis and of stress-responsive brain regions. Neuroepigenetics may continue to explain individual variation in susceptibility to environmental perturbations and consequently anxious behavior. Behavioral and pharmacological interventions aimed at targeting epigenetic marks associated with anxiety may prove fruitful in developing treatments.
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The pathophysiology of anxiety disorders requires consideration of specific brain regions, their associated neurotransmitters, the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, and its hormone components.
“The pathophysiology of AD demands that specific brain regions, their associated neurotransmitters, the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, and its hormone components, all be considered when investigating anxiety from a genetic and epigenetic point of view (Bartlett et al., 2017).”
From The Epigenetics of Anxiety Pathophysiology: A DNA Methylation and Histone Modification Focused Review (2023) · cites this paper as Bartlett et al., 2017
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“When we consider the pathways involved in an anxietyconditioned or fear-conditioned response, the question arises: what factors influence memory formation, stimulus conditioning, and subsequent anxious behavior learned? The pathophysiology of AD demands that specific brain regions, their associated neurotransmitters,…”
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- Authors
- Bartlett, A. A., Singh, R., & Hunter, R. G.
- Affiliations
- University of Massachusetts Boston (US)
- Corresponding author
- Hunter, Richard G.
- Venue
- Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology
- Publisher
- Springer International Publishing
- Published
- 2017
- Volume
- 978
- Pages
- 145-166
- ISSN
- 0065-2598 (ISSN-L)
- 2214-8019
- OpenAlex
- W2614579284
- Cited by
- 91
- References
- 150
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 8 · 2023: 15 · 2022: 15 · 2021: 11 · 2020: 7 · 2019: 16 · 2018: 8
- FWCI
- 15.97
- Type
- book chapter
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Advances in experimental medicine and biology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Behavioral Neuroscience › Stress Responses and Cortisol
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Epigenetics and DNA Methylation
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior
- Keywords
- anxiety disorders, epigenetics, neuroepigenetics, stress, hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, heritability, environmental factors, animal models of anxiety, epigenetic modifications, anxiety-like behavior, comorbid depression, substance use comorbidity, epigenetic drug targets
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adrenal Cortex Hormones, Adult, Animals, Anxiety, Anxiety Disorders, Child, Disease Models, Animal, Disease Susceptibility, Diseases in Twins, Female, Humans, Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System, Neuronal Plasticity, Pituitary-Adrenal System, Pregnancy, Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects, Stress, Psychological, Anti-Anxiety Agents, Twin Studies as Topic, Inheritance Patterns, Epigenesis, Genetic, Genome-Wide Association Study
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