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Physiological and Pathological Androgen Actions in the Ovary
Open accessAbstract
Androgens, although traditionally thought to be male sex steroids, play important roles in female reproduction, both in healthy and pathological states. This mini-review focuses on recent advances in our knowledge of the role of androgens in the ovary. Androgen receptor (AR) is expressed in oocytes, granulosa cells, and theca cells, and is temporally regulated during follicular development. Mouse knockout studies have shown that AR expression in granulosa cells is critical for normal follicular development and subsequent ovulation. In addition, androgens are involved in regulating dynamic changes in ovarian steroidogenesis that are critical for normal cycling. Androgen effects on follicle development have been incorporated into clinical practice in women with diminished ovarian reserve, albeit with limited success in available literature. At the other extreme, androgen excess leads to disordered follicle development and anovulatory infertility known as polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), with studies suggesting that theca cell AR may mediate many of these negative effects. Finally, both prenatal and postnatal animal models of androgen excess have been developed and are being used to study the pathophysiology of PCOS both within the ovary and with regard to overall metabolic health. Taken together, current scientific consensus is that a careful balance of androgen activity in the ovary is necessary for reproductive health in women.
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“Importantly, these testosterone‐induced alterations to female development are largely consistent across animal models (Astapova et al., 2019; Roland & Moenter, 2014).”
From Endometriosis and polycystic ovary syndrome are diametric disorders (2021) · cites this paper as Astapova et al., 2019
In the citing paper
“High ovarian testosterone promotes early follicular growth, mediating the recruitment of follicles from the primordial stage to the small, pre‐antral stage, and contributing to elevated antral follicle count, follicular arrest, anovulation, and the cyst formation characteristic of PCOS (Astapova et al., 2019).”
From Endometriosis and polycystic ovary syndrome are diametric disorders (2021) · cites this paper as Astapova et al., 2019
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Metadata
- Authors
- Astapova, O., Minor, B. M. N., & Hammes, S. R.
- Affiliations
- University of Rochester Medicine (US)
- Corresponding author
- Hammes, Stephen R
- Venue
- Endocrinology
- Publisher
- The Endocrine Society
- Published
- 2019-03-26
- Volume
- 160
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 1166-1174
- ISSN
- 0013-7227 (ISSN-L)
- 1945-7170
- PMC
- PMC6937455
- OpenAlex
- W2923411756
- Cited by
- 133
- References
- 70
- Citations by year
- 2026: 9 · 2025: 17 · 2024: 30 · 2023: 26 · 2022: 21 · 2021: 18 · 2020: 10 · 2019: 2
- FWCI
- 1.80
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- cc-by
- Locations
- Endocrinology (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Department of Health (F32HD097939-01)
- National Institutes of Health
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Reproductive Medicine › Ovarian function and disorders
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Reproductive Medicine › Reproductive Biology and Fertility
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Sexual Differentiation and Disorders
- Keywords
- androgens, androgen receptor, ovary, folliculogenesis, ovulation, ovarian steroidogenesis, menstrual cycle, diminished ovarian reserve, polycystic ovary syndrome, hyperandrogenism, theca cells, granulosa cells, oocytes, anovulatory infertility, reproductive health
- MeSH terms
- Androgens, Animals, Female, Ovarian Follicle, Granulosa Cells, Humans, Receptors, Androgen, Theca Cells, Gene Expression, Mice, Knockout
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