Leptin and the Proinflammatory State Associated with Human Obesity
Open accessAbstract
It has been suggested that elevated leptin levels underlie the low grade proinflammatory state in human obesity. We reasoned that if elevated leptin levels are an important factor in the proinflammatory state in obesity, then exogenous leptin administration during weight loss should counteract the concurrent beneficial effects of weight loss on the proinflammatory state. We therefore determined whether long-acting pegylated recombinant leptin (PEG-OB) prevents the decrease in cellular and humoral inflammation parameters during a very low calorie diet in healthy overweight young men. Except for B cells, PEG-OB treatment did not influence the decline in total leukocyte count and mononuclear subfractions during the diet. Weight loss decreased the humoral inflammation parameters TNFalpha, tissue plasminogen activator, and von Willebrand factor (P < 0.05), but in combination with PEG-OB treatment, a significant decrease was shown for inflammation markers as a whole (P < 0.014) and that of the individual parameters tissue plasminogen activator, von Willebrand factor, plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1, and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (P < 0.05). The increase in C-reactive protein levels (P < 0.05) was the sole indication for a humoral proinflammatory action of leptin. Although PEG-OB treatment significantly increased weight loss (P < 0.03), the data do not support a proinflammatory role of leptin in human obesity.
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Obesity and inflammation are significantly related.
“considerable evidence suggests that obesity and inflammation are significantly related [163,486,575,581,642,647-664]”
Increased leptin levels contribute to oxidative stress by enhancing macrophages' phagocytic activity and inducing synthesis of pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNFα, IL-6, IL-2, and interferon-gamma) and secondarily increased level of endothelial cell dysfunction markers.
“Recent studies have shown that increased leptin levels contribute to oxidative stress by enhancing macrophages’ phagocytic activity and inducing the synthesis of pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNFα, IL-6, IL-2, and interferon-gamma) and secondarily increased level of endothelial cell dysfunction markers [106,107].”
From Iron Deficiency in Obesity and after Bariatric Surgery (2021) · cites this paper as [106]
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- Authors
- Hukshorn, C. J., Lindeman, J. H. N., Toet, K. H., Saris, W. H. M., Eilers, P. H. C., Westerterp-Plantenga, M. S., & Kooistra, T.
- Affiliations
- Maastricht University (NL)
- Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research (NL)
- Leiden University Medical Center (NL)
- Corresponding author
- Lindeman, Jan H. N.
- Venue
- The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism
- Publisher
- The Endocrine Society
- Published
- 2004-04
- Volume
- 89
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 1773-1778
- ISSN
- 0021-972X (ISSN-L)
- 1945-7197
- OpenAlex
- W2007492870
- Cited by
- 127
- References
- 44
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 6 · 2020: 3 · 2019: 5 · 2018: 3 · 2017: 2 · 2016: 8 · 2015: 5 · 2014: 10 · 2013: 6 · 2012: 6
- FWCI
- 9.10
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Research Publications (Maastricht University) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- TNO Repository (submittedVersion)
- Research Publications (Maastricht University) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Adipokines, Inflammation, and Metabolic Diseases
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Endocrine and Autonomic Systems › Regulation of Appetite and Obesity
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pharmacology › Pharmacology and Obesity Treatment
- Keywords
- leptin, obesity, low-grade inflammation, very low calorie diet, weight loss, C-reactive protein, TNF-α, tissue plasminogen activator, von Willebrand factor, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1, ICAM-1, white blood cell count, B cells
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Diet, Reducing, Humans, Inflammation, Injections, Subcutaneous, Leukocyte Count, Male, Monocytes, Obesity, Tissue Plasminogen Activator, Polyethylene Glycols, Recombinant Proteins, Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha, von Willebrand Factor, Weight Loss, Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1, Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1, Leptin
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