The DOI matches its Crossref record; 22 of the 22 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
High Prevalence of Reduced Fecundity in Men with Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia
Abstract
Context: Testicular adrenal rest tumors (TARTs) are regarded to contribute to the high prevalence of subfertility in males with congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH). Objectives: Our objectives were to evaluate reduced fecundity and its possible causes in well-controlled adult males with CAH, and to investigate diagnostic tools for improved treatment monitoring with respect to fertility outcomes. Design: In a cross-sectional study at the Department of Endocrinology at the University Hospital München, Germany, 22 adult male CAH patients (15 salt wasting and seven simple virilizing, age 19–48 yr) were clinically assessed according to their hormonal control. We performed testicular ultrasound (22 of 22), magnetic resonance imaging (18 of 22), and a semen analysis (19 of 22) in the participants. Results: All patients had a pathological semen analysis. TART prevalence was 10 of 22 (eight salt wasting, two simple virilizing). Poor therapy control was present in five patients, and all five had TARTs. Of the other 17 well-controlled patients with normal or suppressed adrenal androgens and 17-hydroxyprogesterone levels, five presented with TARTs. There was a significant correlation between sperm concentration and functional testicular volume (r = 0.70; P = 0.002), TART volume (r = −0.70; P = 0.036), as well as inhibin B levels (r = 0.75; P < 0.0001), respectively. In several men, hormonal control parameters suggested hypogonadism, with glucocorticoid overtreatment as a relevant factor for poor semen quality. Conclusions: Poor semen parameters are common in male CAH patients. TARTs, most likely reflecting undertreatment, as well as inhibin B are important indicators of fecundity. On the other hand, long-term glucocorticoid overtreatment also seems to contribute to low semen quality.
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“In the virilizing forms of CAH, excess adrenal sex steroids can lead to hypogonadotropic hypogonadism 106,107 and increased progesterone can interfere with endometrial implantation.108,109”
From Congenital adrenal hyperplasia (2017) · cites this paper as [106]
In the citing paper
“Low inhibin B levels reflect declining Sertoli cell function and can be used to monitor.106”
From Congenital adrenal hyperplasia (2017) · cites this paper as [106]
In the citing paper
“Fertility in males with CAH is often impaired (226, 237, 248-250).”
From Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia Due to Steroid 21-Hydroxylase Deficiency: An Endocrine Society* Clinical Practice Guideline (2018) · cites this paper as [248]
In the citing paper
“TARTs have no malignant features but can lead to obstructive azoospermia and infertility (248).”
From Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia Due to Steroid 21-Hydroxylase Deficiency: An Endocrine Society* Clinical Practice Guideline (2018) · cites this paper as [248]
In the citing paper
“The presence of TARTs is a predictor of infertility (226, 248, 253).”
From Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia Due to Steroid 21-Hydroxylase Deficiency: An Endocrine Society* Clinical Practice Guideline (2018) · cites this paper as [248]
Citations
Cites
Sperm Morphology, Motility, and Concentration in Fertile and Infertile Men
Guzick, D. S., Overstreet, J. W., Factor-Litvak, P., Brazil, C. K., Nakajima, S. T., Coutifaris, C., Carson, S. A., Cisneros, P., Steinkampf, M. P., Hill, J. A., et al. (2001) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa003005 · Cited by 1,336
Bonde, J. P. E., Ernst, E., Jensen, T. K., Hjollund, N. H. I., Kolstad, H., Scheike, T., Giwercman, A., Skakkebæk, N. E., Henriksen, T. B., & Olsen, J. (1998) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(97)10514-1 · Cited by 791
The evaluation of morphological characteristics of human spermatozoa according to stricter criteria
Menkveld, R., Stander, F. S. H., Kotze, T. J. V., Kruger, T. F., & Zyl, J. A. V. (1990) · Human Reproduction · doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.humrep.a137150 · Cited by 677
Krone, N., Braun, A., Roscher, A. A., Knorr, D., & Schwarz, H. P. (2000) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jcem.85.3.6441 · Cited by 397
Self-citationSlama, R. (2002) · Human Reproduction · doi:10.1093/humrep/17.2.503 · Cited by 308
Stikkelbroeck, N. M. M. L., Otten, B. J., Pasic, A., Jager, G. J., Sweep, C. G. J. F., Noordam, K., & Hermus, A. R. M. M. (2001) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jcem.86.12.8090 · Cited by 305
Long Term Outcome in Adult Males with Classic Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia
Cabrera, M. S., Vogiatzi, M. G., & New, M. I. (2001) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jcem.86.7.7668 · Cited by 234
Andersson, A., Petersen, J. H., Jørgensen, N., Jensen, T. K., & Skakkebæk, N. E. (2004) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jc.2003-032148 · Cited by 170
der Grinten, H. L. C., Otten, B. J., Hermus, A. R., Sweep, F. C. G. J., & de Kaa, C. A. H. (2007) · Fertility and Sterility · doi:10.1016/j.fertnstert.2007.03.051 · Cited by 139
Embryology of the adrenal glands and its relevance to diagnostic imaging
Barwick, T. D., Malhotra, A., Webb, J. A. W., Savage, M. O., & Reznek, R. H. (2005) · Clinical Radiology · doi:10.1016/j.crad.2005.04.006 · Cited by 134
Flagged first, then by citations
Research works printed but not linked: 1
- Bals-Pratsch, 1999, World Health Organization (WHO)-Laborhandbuch
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 101–169 of 169
Lottspeich, C., Müller-Lisse, U., Seiler, L., Schmitt-Graeff, A. H., Reincke, M., & Reisch, N. (2019) · Urology · doi:10.1016/j.urology.2019.03.005 · Cited by 9
“Impaired sperm production in patients with CAH is not only caused by TARTs but also hypogonadotropic hypogonadism with LH and FSH being suppressed due to increased aromatization of androgens.(2) Assessing biochemically gonadal function can be challenging in CAH patients as it is impossible to distinguish testosterone…”
BackgroundSelf-citationMay AMH levels distinguish LOCAH from PCOS among hirsute women?
Öncül, M., Şahmay, S., Tüten, A., Açıkgöz, A. S., & Gürleyen, H. (2014) · European Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Reproductive Biology · doi:10.1016/j.ejogrb.2014.03.032 · Cited by 9
Testicular adrenal rest tumors in patients with congenital adrenal hyperplasia: 6 years of follow-up
Werneck, G. C., Rodrigues, E. M. R., Mantovani, R. M., Lane, J. S. S., & Silva, I. N. (2019) · Journal of Pediatric Endocrinology and Metabolism · doi:10.1515/jpem-2018-0512 · Cited by 9
Treatment Outcomes in Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia
Cheng, T. Q., & Speiser, P. (2012) · Advances in Pediatrics · doi:10.1016/j.yapd.2012.04.009 · Cited by 9
“TARTs increase with age and can affect fertility by impairing spermatogenesis [32].”
BackgroundBilateral Adrenal and Testicular Mass in a Patient with Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia
Pişkinpaşa, H. (2019) · Acta Endocrinologica (Bucharest) · doi:10.4183/aeb.2019.113 · Cited by 8
“TARTs may cause infertility by inducing testicular atrophy because of the mass effect (11).”
BackgroundPrenatal and Pregnancy Management of Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia
Nowotny, H. F., Tschaidse, L., Auer, M. K., & Reisch, N. (2024) · Clinical Endocrinology · doi:10.1111/cen.15131 · Cited by 11
Self-citationThe impact of genetic steroid disorders on human fertility
Reichman, D., & Rosenwaks, Z. (2016) · The Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology · doi:10.1016/j.jsbmb.2016.04.014 · Cited by 8
Bachelot, A., & Touraine, P. A. (2014) · La Presse Médicale · doi:10.1016/j.lpm.2013.10.006 · Cited by 5
Primary and Secondary Hypogonadism
Santi, D., & Corona, G. (2017) · Endocrinology · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-29456-8_24-1 · Cited by 4
Hiperplasia adrenal congênita em mulheres adultas: manejo de antigos e novos desafios
Costa‐Barbosa, F. A., Silveira, M. T., & Kater, C. E. (2014) · Arquivos Brasileiros de Endocrinologia & Metabologia · doi:10.1590/0004-2730000002987 · Cited by 5
“Estudos demonstram que a fertilidade e a fecundidade encontram-se reduzidas nas mulheres com a FC da D21OH (43-46).”
BackgroundKamoun, M., Mnif, M. F., Charfi, N., Naceur, B. B., Mnif, F., Rekik, N. M., Mnif, Z., Sfar, M. H., Sfar, M. T., Hachicha, M., et al. (2013) · Middle East Fertility Society Journal · doi:10.1016/j.mefs.2013.05.006 · Cited by 4
Possible andrologic markers in elevated neonatal 17-hydroxyprogesterone
Cavarzere, P., Vincenzi, M., Gaudino, R., Franceschi, R., Perlini, S., Camilot, M., Teofoli, F., Antoniazzi, F., & Tatò, L. (2010) · Fertility and Sterility · doi:10.1016/j.fertnstert.2010.04.040 · Cited by 3
Auer, M. K., Büyükerzurmulu, D., Lottspeich, C., Bidlingmaier, M., Rieger, E., Nowotny, H. F., Tschaidse, L., Auchus, R. J., & Reisch, N. (2024) · European Journal of Endocrinology · doi:10.1093/ejendo/lvae112 · Cited by 3
Self-citationEndocrine Disturbances Affecting Reproduction
Chang, A. Y., & Auchus, R. J. (2013) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-1-4557-2758-2.00025-1 · Cited by 3
Disorders of sex development (DSD): an overview of recent scientific advances
Conway, G. S. (2013) · Psychology and Sexuality · doi:10.1080/19419899.2013.831213 · Cited by 3
“While girls and women with CAH may have additional psychological challenges compared to their male counterparts, due to the effects on sex anatomy, there is a major concern of the persistently poor fertility outcomes in men (Reisch et al., 2009).”
BackgroundAshby, H. L., Gama, R. M., Sur, H., Inglis, J. A., Ford, C., & Gama, R. M. (2012) · Annals of Clinical Biochemistry International Journal of Laboratory Medicine · doi:10.1258/acb.2011.011236 · Cited by 3
Endocrine Disturbances Affecting Reproduction
Chang, A. Y., & Auchus, R. J. (2019) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-323-47912-7.00024-x · Cited by 4
Carrière, C., Sarfati, C., Téjédor, I., Dulon, J., Chakhtoura, Z., Courtillot, C., & Bachelot, A. (2022) · Annales d Endocrinologie · doi:10.1016/j.ando.2022.04.007 · Cited by 2
Hypogonadism in Males with Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia
Stikkelbroeck, N. M. M. L., & der Grinten, H. L. C. (2017) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-53298-1_7 · Cited by 2
Weniger, M., Mattes, M., Grünewald, T. G. P., Köhler, K., Hübner, A., Beuschlein, F., & Reisch, N. (2024) · Hormone and Metabolic Research · doi:10.1055/a-2216-0269 · Cited by 2
“While TART are not malignant, they severely impair fecundity and expose CAH patients to the risk of unnecessary orchidectomy [4, 6].”
BackgroundSelf-citationEndocrine Disturbances Affecting Reproduction
Chang, A. Y., & Auchus, R. J. (2009) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-1-4160-4907-4.00023-1 · Cited by 2
Shifman, B. M., Dzeranova, L. K., Pigarova, E. A., Tiulpakov, A. N., & Fedorova, N. S. (2019) · Obesity and metabolism · doi:10.14341/omet10032 · Cited by 3
Congenital adrenal hyperplasia
Simpson, H., & Hughes, I. A. (2013) · Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.mpmed.2013.06.014 · Cited by 2
Sha, Y.-K., Sha, Y.-W., Ding, L., Liu, W.-W., Song, Y.-Q., Jin, L., He, X., Qiu, P., Zhang, L., & Li, P. (2016) · Europe PMC (PubMed Central) · doi:10.22074/ijfs.2015.4618 · Cited by 2
“The inhibin B level in TART patients is most likely to affect spermatogenic function in infertile men (17, 18), but appropriate medical treatment may improve semen quality.”
BackgroundCongenital Adrenal Hyperplasia in Adults
Falhammar, H. (2010) · Figshare · Cited by 2
Disorders of Sex Determination and Development
de Souza, R. P., & Ghayda, R. A. (2018) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-801238-3.64542-7 · Cited by 2
Anti-mullerian hormone serum level in patients with congenital adrenal hyperplasia
Ziora, K. T., Borawska-Dziadek, E., Oświęcimska, J. M., Świętochowska, E., Ostrowska, Z., Kajdaniuk, D., Wikiera, B., Bieniasz, J., Noczyńska, A., Bursa, J., et al. (2016) · Pediatric Endocrinology · doi:10.18544/ep-01.15.03.1647 · Cited by 1
Anaforoğlu, İ. (2021) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-82591-1_5 · Cited by 1
Ilboudo, A., Sagna, Y., Dubreuil, S., Touraine, P. A., & Courtillot, C. (2022) · Annales d Endocrinologie · doi:10.1016/j.ando.2022.02.003 · Cited by 1
Stoeva, I., Kostova, A., Moskova, M., Тодорова, А., Todorov, T., Kirov, A., & Aroyo, A. (2014) · Scripta Scientifica Medica · doi:10.14748/ssm.v46i4.1014 · Cited by 1
“The reduced fertility in men is associated mainly with TARTs or sometimes with suppressed gonadotrophin secretion due to adrenal androgen excess (14).”
BackgroundThe Impact of Genetic Steroid Disorders on Human Fertility
Reichman, D. E., & Rosenwaks, Z. (2013) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-416006-4.00027-2 · Cited by 1
Чугунов, І., Soldatova, T. V., Vorontsov, A. V., Vladimirova, V. P., Bogolyubov, S. V., Orlova, E., & Kareva, M. (2015) · Problems of Endocrinology · doi:10.14341/probl20156139-15 · Cited by 1
Martin, P., Russmann, M. L. E., Mendeluk, G. R., Fierro, M. F., Marino, R. M., & Pardes, E. (2020) · Endocrinología Diabetes y Nutrición (English ed ) · doi:10.1016/j.endien.2020.07.003 · Cited by 1
DFP: Das Adrenogenitale Syndrom bei männlichen Jugendlichen und Männern
Mönig, H., & Jacobeit, J. W. (2017) · Journal für Kardiologie (Krause & Pachernegg GmbH)
Het fysiek, sociaal en maatschappelijk functioneren van kinderen met AGS en hun ouders.
Sanches, S. A., & Wiegers, T. A. (2010) · Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS)
Das adrenogenitale Syndrom aufgrund eines 21-Hydroxylasemangels bei Männern
Weniger, M., Reisch, N., & Kuhnle-Krahl, U. (2012) · Journal für Kardiologie (Krause & Pachernegg GmbH)
Self-citationJanin, C., Vigneron, V., Weryha, G., & Leheup, B. (2013) · Annales d Endocrinologie · doi:10.1016/j.ando.2012.10.003
Yamada, T., & Demura, S. (2013) · International Journal of Health · doi:10.14419/ijh.v1i2.1014
Prise en charge à l’âge adulte des patients avec un bloc en 21 hydroxylase
Christin‐Maître, S. (2013) · Médecine Nucléaire · doi:10.1016/j.mednuc.2012.11.002
Чугунов, І., Ильин, А. В., Bogolyubov, S. V., Кузнецова, Э. С., Orlova, E., & Kareva, M. (2015) · Problems of Endocrinology · doi:10.14341/probl201561417-23
“По данным литературы [2—6], фертильность мужчин с ВДКН варьирует от нормальной до значиdoi: 10.”
Nermoen, I. (2013) · NORA - Norwegian Open Research Archives
Assessment of inhibin B blood concentration in patients with congenital adrenal hyperplasia
Ziora, K. T., Borawska-Dziadek, E., Oświęcimska, J. M., Świętochowska, E., Ostrowska, Z., Kajdaniuk, D., Wikiera, B., Bieniasz, J., Noczyńska, A., Bursa, J., et al. (2016) · Pediatric Endocrinology · doi:10.18544/ep-01.15.03.1646
Elías, J., Elias, P. C. L., Teixeira, S. R., & Muglia, V. F. (2017) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-13893-0_12
Genetic Basis of Endocrine Regulation of Spermatogenesis
Cheng, J. W.-C., & Ko, E. (2020) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-37972-8_4
Disorders that impact reproduction
Gabrielsen, J. S., & Lamb, D. J. (2020) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-817344-2.00011-3
Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia in the Testis
Nistal, M., & González‐Peramato, P. (2020) · Encyclopedia of pathology · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-41894-6_4794
Ipogonadismo e infertilità in ragazzi con sindromi genetiche rare
Sinisi, A. A., Cioffi, I., Visconti, D., Bellastella, G., & Palumbo, V. (2012) · L Endocrinologo · doi:10.1007/bf03346014
“Gli uomini con ISC hanno frequentemente alterazioni della spermatogenesi e aumento dei tumori testicolari da residui surrenalici (5).”
BackgroundTesticular Adrenal Rest Tumours: fisiopatologia, diagnosi e trattamento
Alcubierre, D. D., Pofi, R., & Pozza, C. (2021) · L Endocrinologo · doi:10.1007/s40619-021-00816-5
(2010) · Current Opinion in Obstetrics & Gynecology · doi:10.1097/gco.0b013e32833ae363
(2010) · Current Opinion in Endocrinology Diabetes and Obesity · doi:10.1097/med.0b013e328339f31e
Sequelae of extratesticular disease
Handelsman, D. J. (2011) · doi:10.1093/med/9780199235292.003.9087
Management of Adult Patients With Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia Due to 21-Hydroxylase Deficiency
Grouthier, V., Dulon, J., Bachelot, A., & Touraine, P. A. (2018) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-801238-3.66140-8
Pal, L. (2020) · Faculty Opinions – Post-Publication Peer Review of the Biomedical Literature · doi:10.3410/f.737657143.793577665
Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia in the Testis
Nistal, M., & González‐Peramato, P. (2019) · Encyclopedia of pathology · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-28845-1_4794-1
Oddział Pediatrii, S. W. R. Ś., Borawska-Dziadek, E., Ziora-Jakutowicz, K. N., & Warszawa, I. P. I. N. (2015) · Pediatric Endocrinology · doi:10.18544/ep-01.14.02.1558
The impact of genetic steroid disorders on human fertility
Reichman, D. E., Rosenwaks, Z., Perelman, R. O., & Cohen, C. (2023) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-821424-4.00022-8
A review on Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia andits management
Toms, C., Fathima, B., Neethu, R., & Reji, A. (2024) · International Journal of Advanced Research in Biological Sciences (IJARBS) · doi:10.22192/ijarbs.2024.11.06.002
Disorders of Sex Determination and Development
van de Walle, G., Ohlander, S. J., & Mima, M. (2024) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-443-21477-6.00126-7
Tuna, M. B., Doğanca, T., Mourmouris, P., Kurtulmuş, N., Argun, Ö. B., & Kural, A. R. (2021) · Hellenic Urology · doi:10.4103/huaj.huaj_6_21
Management of adult patients with congenital adrenal hyperplasia due to 21-hydroxylase deficiency
Grouthier, V., Dulon, J., Bachelot, A., & Touraine, P. A. (2024) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-443-13825-6.00132-1
Campioni, L., Carlo, M. C. D., Sola, C., Bergoglio, B., Bollati, M., Montesano, G., Ponzetto, F., Lopez, C., Motta, G., Parasiliti‐Caprino, M., et al. (2025) · Frontiers in Endocrinology · doi:10.3389/fendo.2025.1660114
Fedai, N. K., Ünsal, İ. Ö., Hepşen, S., Uçan, B., Özbek, M., & Çakal, E. (2025) · Endocrine · doi:10.1007/s12020-025-04411-8
“Optimal treatment in CAH can improve fertility outcomes and may help prevent the development of testicular adrenal rest tumors (TARTs) by suppressing excessive adrenal androgen production [7 – 9].”
Primary and Secondary Hypogonadism
Santi, D., & Corona, G. (2026) · Endocrinology · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-29456-8_24-2
Verde, V., Wörther, H., Kühle, A., Grunwald, P., Tschaidse, L., Chojnacki, M., Ilmberger, S., Berente, S., Reisch, N., & Krämer, U. M. (2026) · Hormones and Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.yhbeh.2026.105953 · Cited by 1
Self-citationReproductive and fertility challenges in adolescents with congenital adrenal hyperplasia
Tschaidse, L., Auer, M. K., Nowotny, H. F., & Reisch, N. (2026) · Frontiers in Adolescent Medicine · doi:10.3389/fradm.2026.1878713
“While secondary hypogonadism is often reversible and fertility may improve with adequate glucocorticoid therapy (81, 82), it must be kept in mind that excessive glucocorticoid exposure can also impair gonadal function (66, 71).”
Self-citationTizianel, I., Bovo, G., Mazzeo, P., Ceccato, F., & Barbot, M. (2026) · Frontiers in Adolescent Medicine · doi:10.3389/fradm.2026.1919128
Ünsal, İ. Ö., Fedai, N. K., Hepşen, S., Uçan, B., Özbek, M., & Çakal, E. (2026) · Endocrine · doi:10.1007/s12020-026-04801-6
“However, maintaining an optimal balance between insufficient androgen control and glucocorticoid overtreat - ment continues to be difficult in clinical practice [ 5 –7].”
King, T. F. J., Lee, M. C., Williamson, E. E. J., & Conway, G. S. (2016) · Clinical Endocrinology · doi:10.1111/cen.13001 · Cited by 66
Metadata
- Authors
- Reisch, N., Flade, L., Scherr, M., Rottenkolber, M., Pedrosa Gil, F., Bidlingmaier, M., Wolff, H., Schwarz, H.-P., Quinkler, M., Beuschlein, F., & Reincke, M.
- Affiliations
- Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München (DE)
- LMU Klinikum (DE)
- Psychosomatic Ambulance and Outpatient Clinic (F.P.G.), University Hospital München, D-80336 München, Germany
- München Klinik (DE)
- Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin (DE)
- Endocrinology and Metabolism (N.R., L.F., M.B., F.B., M.Re.), University Hospital München, D-80336 München, Germany
- Corresponding author
- Reisch, Nicole
- Venue
- The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism
- Publisher
- The Endocrine Society
- Published
- 2009-05-01
- Volume
- 94
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 1665-1670
- ISSN
- 0021-972X (ISSN-L)
- 1945-7197
- OpenAlex
- W1981718662
- Cited by
- 170
- References
- 22
- Citations by year
- 2026: 6 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 8 · 2021: 9 · 2020: 9 · 2019: 12 · 2018: 6 · 2017: 12 · 2016: 13 · 2015: 12 · 2014: 11 · 2013: 15 · 2012: 15
- FWCI
- 5.72
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Sexual Differentiation and Disorders
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Adrenal Hormones and Disorders
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Reproductive Medicine › Ovarian function and disorders
- Keywords
- congenital adrenal hyperplasia, male subfertility, testicular adrenal rest tumor, semen quality, hypogonadism, inhibin B, 17-hydroxyprogesterone, salt wasting, simple virilizing CAH, testicular volume
- MeSH terms
- Adrenal Hyperplasia, Congenital, Adrenal Rest Tumor, Adult, Fertility, Follicle Stimulating Hormone, Hormones, Humans, Infertility, Male, Inhibins, Leydig Cells, Luteinizing Hormone, Male, Middle Aged, Saliva, Semen, Sperm Count, Spermatogenesis, Testis, Testosterone, Ultrasonography, Cohort Studies, Treatment Outcome, Young Adult
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
