Cited by 788Adipokines, Inflammation, and Metabolic DiseasesAdipose Tissue and MetabolismPeroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors

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Irisin Is Expressed and Produced by Human Muscle and Adipose Tissue in Association With Obesity and Insulin Resistance

Moreno-Navarrete, José María, Ortega, Francisco, Serrano, Marta, Guerra, Ester, Pardo, Gerard, Tinahones, Francisco, Ricart, Wifredo, Fernández-Real, José Manuel·2013·The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism

DOI 10.1210/jc.2012-2749

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Abstract

CONTEXT: Recently irisin (encoded by Fndc5 gene) has been reported to stimulate browning and uncoupling protein 1 expression in sc adipose tissue of mice. OBJECTIVE: The objective of the study was to investigate FNDC5 gene expression in human muscle and adipose tissue and circulating irisin according to obesity, insulin sensitivity, and type 2 diabetes. DESIGN, PATIENTS, AND MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Adipose tissue FNDC5 gene expression and circulating irisin (ELISA) were analyzed in 2 different cohorts (n = 125 and n = 76); muscle FNDC5 expression was also evaluated in a subcohort of 34 subjects. In vitro studies in human preadipocytes and adipocytes and in induced browning of 3T3-L1 cells (by means of retinoblastoma 1 silencing) were also performed. RESULTS: In both sc and visceral adipose tissue, FNDC5 gene expression decreased significantly in association with obesity and was positively associated with brown adipose tissue markers, lipogenic, insulin pathway-related, mitochondrial, and alternative macrophage gene markers and negatively associated with LEP, TNFα, and FSP27 (a known repressor of brown genes). Circulating irisin and irisin levels in adipose tissue were significantly associated with FNDC5 gene expression in adipose tissue. In muscle, the FNDC5 gene was 200-fold more expressed than in adipose tissue, and its expression was associated with body mass index, PGC1α, and other mitochondrial genes. In obese participants, FNDC5 gene expression in muscle was significantly decreased in association with type 2 diabetes. Interestingly, muscle FNDC5 gene expression was significantly associated with FNDC5 and UCP1 gene expression in visceral adipose tissue. In men, circulating irisin levels were negatively associated with obesity and insulin resistance. Irisin was secreted from human adipocytes into the media, and the induction of browning in 3T3-L1 cells led to increased secreted irisin levels. CONCLUSIONS: Decreased circulating irisin concentration and FNDC5 gene expression in adipose tissue and muscle from obese and type 2 diabetic subjects suggests a loss of brown-like characteristics and a potential target for therapy.

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Low irisin levels are associated with increased body weight and an adverse metabolic profile
Moehlecke, M., Rheinheimer, J., Crispim, D., Trindade, M. R. M., & Leitão, C. B. (2025) · Archives of Endocrinology and Metabolism · doi:10.20945/2359-4292-2024-0441 · Cited by 3
“UCP1 gene expression showed no correlation with clinical parameters such as weight, BMI, blood pressure, and physical activity, nor with laboratory or hormonal variables, including plasma irisin levels (data not shown).”
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Irisin Concentrations in Children and Adolescent Cancer Survivors and Their Relation to Metabolic, Bone, and Reproductive Profile: A Pilot Case–Control Study
Apostolaki, D., Katsibardi, Κ., Efthymiou, V., Stefanaki, C., Mantzou, A., Papadodima, S. A., Chrousos, G. P., Kattamis, A., & Bacopoulou, F. (2025) · Journal of Clinical Medicine · doi:10.3390/jcm14145098 · Cited by 3
“…diabetic populations, most studies demonstrated lower circulating irisin concentrations in patients with T2DM or prediabetes than controls [45,55–58], whereas in an Italian study, irisin concentrations were higher in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) than controls…”
Hypertension and beyond — does circulating irisin matter?
Taszarek, A., Kaczmarkiewicz, A., & Miazgowski, T. (2016) · Arterial Hypertension · doi:10.5603/ah.2016.0004 · Cited by 3
Circulating Levels of Irisin in Hypopituitary and Normal Subjects
Pena-Bello, L., Pértega-Díaz, S., Sangiao‐Alvarellos, S., Outeiriño-Blanco, E., Eiras-Leal, R., Varela-Rodríguez, B. M., Juiz-Valiña, P., Fontán, M. P., Cordido, M., & Cordido, F. (2016) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0160364 · Cited by 3
“Moreover, at tissue level, irisin has been found to be expressed and produced by human muscle and adipose tissue in association with obesity and insulin resistance [32].”
Background
Osteosarcopenic obesity is associated with reduced functional fitness, isokinetic muscle strength and relationships among irisin, adipokines and bone metabolism markers in elderly women
Jung, S.-W., Seo, M.-W., Kim, S.-W., & Song, J.-K. (2017) · Korean Journal of Sport Science · doi:10.24985/kjss.2017.28.2.285 · Cited by 3
“Hou et al.(2015)의 연구에 따르면 건강한 성 인과 비만 성인의 아이리신 수준을 비교한 결과 비만 성 인이 유의하게 더 낮았다고 보고하였으며, 아이리신 수 준은 BMI, WHR, 지방량과 부적관계가 있다고 보고하 였다(Moreno-Navarrete et al.,2013).”
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Serum irisin levels in normotensive and preeclamptic pregnancies
Farhan, F. S., Findakly, S. B., & Sersam, L. W. (2018) · Mustansiriya Medical Journal · doi:10.4103/mj.mj_22_18 · Cited by 3
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Moderate-Intensity Swimming Exercises Decrease Body Weight and Lee’s Obesity Index in Female Mice (Mus musculus)
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Role of Serum Irisin During Early Pregnancy to Predict The Development of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus at 24–28 Weeks of Pregnancy in high-risk patients
Sahoo, D., Pattanaik, S. R., Kumar, P. R., & Gandhi, R. (2022) · Indian Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism · doi:10.4103/ijem.ijem_466_21 · Cited by 3
“[21,22] Some of the proposed mechanisms are that it could be due to glucotoxicity and inflammatory damage to adipocytes and muscle, which are not able to further increase irisin production.[23,24] TNF‐alpha and IL‐6 are the proposed inflammatory markers responsible for the damage.”
Background
Moderate-intensity exercise on total energy expenditure in adolescent obese women
Sugiharto, Merawati, D., Pranoto, A., Winarno, M. E., Susanto, H., & Taufiq, A. (2023) · AIP conference proceedings · doi:10.1063/5.0111767 · Cited by 3
Metabolic properties of irisin in health and in diabetes mellitus
Михайлович, Р. Ф., Тимкина, Н. В., & Каронова, Т. Л. (2022) · Obesity and metabolism · doi:10.14341/omet12899 · Cited by 4
Salivary irisin in relation to recurrent aphthous ulcerand weight status in Diyala city/Iraq
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The Effect of Submaximal Aerobic Training on Serum Irisin Level in Obese Men; with Emphasis on the Role of Irisin in Insulin-Resistance Change
Soori, R., Asad, M. R., Khosravi, M., & Abbasian, S. (2016) · DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) · Cited by 3
EFFECT OF CHRONIC AEROBIC EXERCISE TRAINING ON SERUM IRISIN LEVEL IN TYPE 2 DIABETIC RATS
Fathy, M. A. (2017) · Al-Azhar Medical Journal · doi:10.12816/0045176 · Cited by 3
“Other investigators found that plasma irisin level was negatively correlated with BMI in overweight subjects with Type 2 diabetics (Moreno-Navarrete et al., 2013).”
Background
The Association of Serum Irisin with Vitamin D and Body Mass Index in Healthy Adults
Saiel, A. A., Rashied, R. M., & Al-Rawi, K. F. (2021) · Medico-Legal Update · doi:10.37506/mlu.v21i2.2645 · Cited by 3
“In the current period, FNDC5/irisin became a hopeful aim for the link between physical activity and body health(23).”
BackgroundMethod
The increase of uncoupling protein-1 expression after moderate intensity continuous exercises in obese females
Sugiharto, S., Adji, B. S., Merawati, D., & Pranoto, A. (2021) · Jurnal SPORTIF Jurnal Penelitian Pembelajaran · doi:10.29407/js_unpgri.v7i2.15932 · Cited by 6
Immunohistochemical distribution of irisin in the lungand tongue of Porcupine Hystrix cristata
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Kim, B., & Hyun, C. (2016) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0166225 · Cited by 3
Irisin – A potential contributor of insulin resistance in kidney failure
Emami, M. R., Alipoor, E., & Hosseinzadeh‐Attar, M. J. (2017) · European Journal of Internal Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.ejim.2017.07.030 · Cited by 3
Circulating irisin and adiponectin levels are positively associated with atrial fibrillation
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Association between plasma irisin in pregnancy and postpartum glucose levels among Chinese women: A cohort study
Tang, N., Chen, Y., Wu, W., Pan, W., Wang, D., Zhang, J., Tan, K., Jin, J., & Cai, L. (2021) · Journal of Diabetes Investigation · doi:10.1111/jdi.13517 · Cited by 3
Chronic Central Leptin Infusion Promotes an Anti-Inflammatory Cytokine Profile Related to the Activation of Insulin Signaling in the Gastrocnemius of Male Rats
Barrios, V., Guerra-Cantera, S., Martín‐Rivada, Á., Canelles, S., Campillo-Calatayud, A., Arilla, E., Frago, L. M., Chowen, J. A., & Argente, J. (2022) · Biomedicines · doi:10.3390/biomedicines10071465 · Cited by 3
“Indeed, in obese patients, FNDC5 expression in skeletal muscle and peripheral irisin concentrations are reduced and associated with changes in insulin sensitivity [50].”
Background
Adipomyokines in children with obesity
Бурмицкая, Ю. В., Vasyukova, O. V., Okorokov, P. L., Zuraeva, Z. T., & Bezlepkina, O. B. (2023) · Problems of Endocrinology · doi:10.14341/probl13250 · Cited by 3
Capmatinib attenuates lipogenesis in 3T3-L1 adipocytes through an adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase-dependent pathway
Ahn, S. H., Lee, H. J., Pyun, D. H., Kim, T. J., El‐Aty, A. M. A., Song, J.-H., Shin, Y. K., Jeong, J. H., Park, E. S., & Jung, T. W. (2021) · Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications · doi:10.1016/j.bbrc.2021.03.064 · Cited by 3
Irisin – ‘New Kid on the Block in energy regulation’?
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Irisin as a predictor of bone metabolism in Han Chinese Young Men with pre-diabetic individuals
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“Circulating irisin was found to be significantly reduced in long-term [5], new onset [6], and undefined [7] T2DM patients compared with nondiabetic controls, which suggested either the diabetic state itself or the metabolic condition that caused progression to T2DM is accompanied by lower circulating irisin [8, 9].”
Result
Diagnostic and Therapeutic Value of the Exercise-Induced Myokine Irisin in Cancer Biology: A Comprehensive Review
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Association of Circulating Irisin with Insulin Resistance and Metabolic Risk Markers in Prediabetic and Newly Diagnosed Type 2 Diabetes Patients
Sakizlian, D. D. M., Boldeanu, L., Clenciu, D., Mitrea, A., Vladu, I. M., Plasiciuc, A. E. C., Assani, M.-Z., & Ciobanu, D. (2026) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms27020787 · Cited by 2
“Some studies reported higher irisin concentrations at early dysglycemic stages, possibly reflecting a compensatory mechanism [45,52], whereas others observed a steady decline preceding overt diabetes [47,53].”
EVALUATION OF SERUM IRISIN WITH LIPID PROFILE IN TYPE-2 DIABETIC PATIENTS IN SULAIMANI
Maarouf, F. B., Mohammed, M., Omer, N. A., & Nore, B. F. (2018) · Journal of Sulaimani Medical College · doi:10.17656/jsmc.10160 · Cited by 2
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Çakır, S. (2023) · Sakarya University Journal of Science · doi:10.16984/saufenbilder.1256089 · Cited by 1
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“Irisin may be implicated in conditions marked by IR, like type 2 diabetes and metabolic syndrome, according to findings by Moreno-Navarrete et al. [21].”
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Venditti, C., Carnicelli, V., Gizzi, V., Tonni, C., Tienforti, D., Spagnolo, L., Felzani, G., Maccarrone, M., Baroni, M. G., & Barbonetti, A. (2024) · Spinal Cord · doi:10.1038/s41393-024-01056-8 · Cited by 2
“Through the same method, in previous studies, the mean levels of measured circulating irisin in humans ranged from 7.3 ng/ml to 2.2 µg/ml [27, 28].”
Influential
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Jiménez, G., López‐Ruiz, E., Griñán‐Lisón, C., Antich, C., & Marchal, J. A. (2015) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-19821-7_2 · Cited by 2
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aghamohammadi, M., Habibi, A., & Ranjbar, R. (2016) · Cited by 2
ACTUALIZACIONES SOBRE "IRISINA" LA NUEVA MIOQUINA
Gittermann, L. M. T., Daniela García, L., & Astrid von Oetinger, G. (2016) · Revista chilena de nutrición · doi:10.4067/s0717-75182016000300012 · Cited by 2
The Effect of a Regular Aerobic Exercise Combined with Consuming Garlic Extract on the Rest Levels of Plasma Irisin and FNDC5 of the Heart Tissues and Muscles of Aged Rats
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Yücel, N., Bölük, A., Madenci, Ö. Ç., Yıldız, Z., Sargın, M., & Orçun, A. (2018) · Advances in Diabetes and Metabolism · doi:10.13189/adm.2018.060101 · Cited by 2
“In fact, recent studies showed that, besides the muscle tissue, irisin is also secreted by white adipose tissue (14, 15).”
Background
Serum Irisin, Level and Validity in Gestational Diabetes Mellitus in Iraqi Women: A Pilot Study
Aliz, F. J., & Sho, H. A. K. (2018) · Research Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology · doi:10.3923/rjog.2018.36.40 · Cited by 2
Correlation of Moderate-Intensity Physical Exercise on Irisin, Oxidized-LDL and HDL Level in ≥50 Years Old Obese Men
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Irisin and troponin I expression in dialysis patients submitted to remote ischemic preconditioning: a pilot study
Gehrke, F. D. S., Gouveia, M. C., Barbosa, C. G. M., Murad, N., Alves, B. D. C. A., Fonseca, F. L. A., Pereira, E. C., & Bacci, M. R. (2019) · Brazilian Journal of Nephrology · doi:10.1590/2175-8239-jbn-2019-0051 · Cited by 2
Irisin in Adolescent Type 1 Diabetic Patients and its Relation to Diabetes Control and Atherosclerosis
Dayem, S. M. E., Battah, A. A., Bohy, A. E. M. E., Yousef, R. N., & Mohamed, M. M. A. E. W. (2020) · Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences · doi:10.3889/oamjms.2020.5640 · Cited by 2
“Overexpression FDNC5/irisin persuade activation of thermogenesis in white adipose tissue leading to improved glucose homeostasis and insulin resistance [3].”
Background
Serum Irisin Levels in Newly Diagnosed Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Prediabetic Patients
Yavuz, A., Sağlam, Z. M. I., Yavuz, E. K., Yilmaz, M. D., Değerli, E., & Karaali, Z. (2022) · Selçuk Tıp Dergisi · doi:10.30733/std.2022.01540 · Cited by 2
“There are also studies showing that irisin is released from adipose tissue, which shows that iris may also be an adipokine (6, 7).”
Background
Obesity and Inflammation
Sengupta, S., & Avtanski, D. B. (2023) · Contemporary Endocrinology · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-39721-9_2 · Cited by 3
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The Impact of Aerobic Fitness on Cognition and Molecular Intermediates
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Hypoxic Training Increases the Concentration of Serum Irisin and Reduces Weight in Diet-induced Obese RatsPreprint
li, Z., Weng, X., Zhao, F., Song, X., & Lin, W. (2018) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/500603 · Cited by 2
A Study on the Impact of Irisin "A Novel Myokine" in Ameliorating Polyneuropathy of Experimentally-Induced Diabetic Rats
Hassan, M., SAFAA M. SALEH, M. D. S. S. D., & Elgizawy, E. I. (2019) · The Medical Journal of Cairo University/The Medical Journal of Cairo University · doi:10.21608/mjcu.2019.53577 · Cited by 1
Effect of Four Weeks of Ginger Supplementation Followed by Acute Eccentric and Concentric Training on Irisin and Insulin Levels, Insulin Resistance Index, and Lipid Profile of Young Women With Obesity: A Randomized Clinical trial
Soleimani, A., & Fathi, M. (2022) · مجله دانشگاه علوم پزشکی اراک · doi:10.32598/jams.25.2.4334.6 · Cited by 1
Irisin’s Mechanism of Action and Levels in Physiological and Pathological Conditions
Tarboush, N. A., Alsharaeh, T., & Alawaisheh, I. (2024) · Jordan Medical Journal · doi:10.35516/jmj.v58i2.565 · Cited by 1
“Furthermore, a positive association was found between the amounts of irisin and the efficiency of glycemic control in Type 1 DM patients [51].”
Background
Concentrations of Glypican-4, Irisin and Total Antioxidant Status in Women with Metabolic Syndrome: Influence of Physical Activity
Grzelak, T., Sperling, M., Pelczyńska, M., Mikulska, A. A., Bogdański, P., Czyżewska, K., & Mądry, E. (2024) · Biomolecules · doi:10.3390/biom14070768 · Cited by 1
“Because studies show both a positive [27,32,40] and negative [41,42] correlation between irisin level in blood and BMI values, as well as no correlation in our research and research conducted by other authors [10,11], a hypothesis was put forward that concerned an adaptive response involving…”
Result
Irisin: muscle’s novel player in endoplasmic reticulum stress and disease
Pinto, J. R., Bhat, K. D., Bose, B., & Sudheer Shenoy, P. (2025) · Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry · doi:10.1007/s11010-025-05225-y · Cited by 1
“Similarly, in humans, FNDC5 expression in adipose tissue is 100–200 times lower than in skeletal muscle, suggesting that adipose tissue is not the primary source of irisin [22, 30, 31].”
Irisin and its role in the reproductive physiology: a review
Alves, F., Martins, S. D., Oliveira, M. A. F., & Araújo, V. R. (2025) · Brazilian Journal of Biology · doi:10.1590/1519-6984.291896 · Cited by 1
Expression of irisin in the porcine pituitary gland during the oestrous cycle and early pregnancy: the role of GnRH, gonadotropins, and insulin
Zarzecka, B., Dobrzyń, K., Kieżun, M., Kopij, G., Dawid, M., Rak, A., Dall’Aglio, C., Kamiński, T., & Smolińska, N. (2025) · Reproduction Fertility and Development · doi:10.1071/rd25057 · Cited by 1
The myokine irisin: effects on the brain and therapeutic potential in the treatment of depression and neurodegenerative diseases
Gisina, A. M., & Iarygin, K. N. (2025) · Biomeditsinskaya Khimiya · doi:10.18097/pbmcr1640 · Cited by 2
GABA induces myokine irisin release from skeletal muscle
Fan, L., Liao, Y., WANG, Z., Ni, Y., CUI, Q., Wang, Y., Zhang, L., Ye, H., Sun, X., Li, Y., et al. (2026) · Life Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.lfs.2025.124181 · Cited by 1
Metabolic and inflammatory burden modifies muscle cardiovascular association across aging cohorts within an intrinsic capacity framework
Dong, C., Liu, S., Wu, L., Huoshen, W., Zhu, Y., & Luo, P. (2026) · iScience · doi:10.1016/j.isci.2026.115477 · Cited by 1
“From a mechanistic perspective, skeletal muscle releases my-okines—such as irisin, FGF21, and IL-15, which inhibit inflammatory signaling (e.g., NF-κ B and IL-6), 11–13 improve insulin sensitivity, 14 preserve endothelial and mitochondrial integrity, 15–17 and buffer oxidative stress.”
Effects of Resistance Exercise and Whey Protein Supplementation on Irisin Levels in Patients with MASLD Under a Calorie-Restricted Diet
Zhang, F.-R., Kim, C.-B., Ahn, D., Sung, J., Oh, J. H., Heo, H. R., Jo, E., Kim, H.-S., & Park, J.-J. (2026) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu18081272 · Cited by 1
“This pattern is consistent with skeletal muscle being the principal source of circulating irisin, with its precursor reported to be approximately 200-fold more abundant in muscle than in adipose tissue [32].”
The myokine irisin ameliorates the secretory dysfunction of pancreatic β cells in experimental and human type 2 diabetes
Marrano, N., Borrelli, A., Biondi, G., Rella, M., D’Oria, R., Genchi, V. A., Caccioppoli, C., Galasso, V., Galluzzi, G., Roberto, L., et al. (2026) · Science Advances · doi:10.1126/sciadv.aee4804 · Cited by 1
RETRACTED ARTICLE: New Insight into Improvement of Cardiovascular Outcomes with Intensive Glycemic Control in Patients with Metabolic Syndrome and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Included
Pei, F., & Sun, J. (2014) · Cell Biochemistry and Biophysics · doi:10.1007/s12013-014-0175-2 · Cited by 1
Retracted
Leucine and Resveratrol: Experimental Model of Sirtuin Pathway Activation
Bruckbauer, A., & Zemel, M. B. (2014) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4939-1923-9_8 · Cited by 1
“However, irisin blood levels and FNDC5 expression in muscle and adipose tissue were reduced in obese insulin-resistant patients compared to normal weight controls [ 74 , 75 ].”
Background
The Role of Irisin in Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: A Review
Ramin, C. (2014) · Endocrinology & Metabolic Syndrome · doi:10.4172/2161-1017.1000138 · Cited by 1
“In 1115 Chinese adults with central obesity, circulating irisin levels were inversely correlated with the metabolic syndrome, particularly impaired fasting glucose [46,47].”
Background
Placenta Previa with history of Previous Caesarean Delivery – an obstetrician's nightmare
Mazumder, U., Rouf, S., & Sarkar, S. (2015) · Journal of Woman s Reproductive Health · doi:10.14302/issn.2381-862x.jwrh-17-1750 · Cited by 1
“Moreno et al found that irisin was higher in subjects with low activity than in those with average or high activity (37).”
Background
Potential Effect of Irisin and/or Moderate Intensity Exercise on Metabolic Homeostasis in Obesity in Male Albino Rats
Abozeid, A. A. (2019) · The Medical Journal of Cairo University/The Medical Journal of Cairo University · doi:10.21608/mjcu.2019.89764 · Cited by 1
Can irisin become a biomarker of physical activity, or another metabolic risk assessment parameter, in psychiatric care patients?
Łężak, W., Mokros, Ł., Kaźmierski, J., Strzelecki, D., Jerczyńska, H., Kowalczyk, E., & Pietras, T. (2020) · Postępy Psychiatrii i Neurologii · doi:10.5114/ppn.2020.103632 · Cited by 1
“[22], but also oppositely to a number of other reports [23, 24].”
Result
Serum irisin level and its relation to diabetic nephropathy in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus
Salama, D. M., Hammad, F. K., Mohamed, E. E., & Ahmad, I. H. (2021) · The Scientific Journal of Al-Azhar Medical Faculty Girls · doi:10.4103/sjamf.sjamf_79_21 · Cited by 1
Il muscolo come organo endocrino: focus su irisina
Giordano, C. S. D. S., Amodei, R., & Stefano, C. D. (2022) · L Endocrinologo · doi:10.1007/s40619-022-01177-3 · Cited by 1
“La maggior parte di questi hanno riportato livelli di irisina circolanti positivamente associati all’indice di massa corporea (BMI), al peso, alla massa grassa, alla circonferenza vita, al rapporto vita-fianchi e alla massa muscolare [9].”
Background
Serum irisin and caspase-9 levels in adolescents with substance use disorder: a case-control study
Kara, A., Can, Ü., Bağcı, Z., & Usta, Z. E. (2023) · Journal of Substance Use · doi:10.1080/14659891.2023.2202765 · Cited by 1
“Due to irisin’s energy-regulating and thermogenetic properties, it has been investigated in metabolic diseases and obesity (Moreno-Navarrete et al., 2013).”
Assessing the Induced Adipose Tissue Browning Effects of Hypoxic Swimming and Cold-Water Exposure in Healthy Human Participants Using Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasound (CEUS)
Sales, K. M. A. S. (2024) · Undergraduate Research in Natural and Clinical Science and Technology (URNCST) Journal · doi:10.26685/urncst.553 · Cited by 1
Diabetes Mellitus and the Risk of Carcinogenesis: An Interdisciplinary Approach
Tkaczenko, H., Kamiński, P., & Kurhaluk, N. (2024) · Interdisciplinary cancer research · doi:10.1007/16833_2024_426 · Cited by 1
Exploring the role of irisin as a potential biomarker in adolescents and young adults with polycystic ovarian syndrome
Majeed, S., Moin, H., Shafi, R., Fatima, S., Zahra, T., & Zafar, S. (2024) · Women s Health · doi:10.1177/17455057241302559 · Cited by 1
Acute Sprint Interval Exercise Induces a Greater FGF-21 Response in Comparison to Work-Matched Continuous Exercise
Segsworth, B. M. (2015) · Scholarship@Western (Western University) · Cited by 1
Irisin: A clue for metabolic disorders
Gutch, M., Sukriti, K., Gupta, A. K., Keshav, G. K., & Razi, S. M. (2016) · Journal of Obesity and Metabolic Research · doi:10.4103/2347-9906.184171 · Cited by 1
Irisin: A bright or a dark future?
Pereira, A., Costa-Pinho, A., Carvalho, D. M., Maia, J. C., & Freitas, P. (2019) · Revista Portuguesa de Endocrinologia Diabetes e Metabolismo · doi:10.26497/ar180091 · Cited by 1
Effects of aerobic exercise on the expressions of skeletal muscle fiber type-related genes and FNDC-5 in high-fat diet-induced obese rats
Jeon, Y., Ha, K., Seo, D. Y., Yeo, J. Y., Choi, S. J., & Han, J. (2017) · IJASS(International Journal of Applied Sports Sciences) · doi:10.24985/ijass.2017.29.1.42 · Cited by 1
Improvement of Insulin Sensitivity and Maintenance of Glucose Homeostasis in Insulin-sensitive Tissues via PPAR-γ and Through Activation of PI3K/p-Akt Signaling Pathway by Resveratrol in Type 2 Diabetic Rats
Mohammed, F. Z., Gurigis, A. A., Abdel-Mageed, W., & Nassr, A. (2018) · Cited by 1
Insulin Regulates Circulating Omentin, Fatty Acid Binding Protein-4 and Chemerin, but not Irisin in Man
SHANKAR, N. K., Dehn Clayton, A., Considine, R. V., & Steinberg, H. O. (2018) · International Journal of Diabetes and Clinical Research · doi:10.23937/2377-3634/1410090 · Cited by 1
Evaluation of structural-functional changes of the left ventricular myocardium in patients with arterial hypertension and obesity by the level of irisin
Shaparenko, О. V., Kravchun, P. H., Кравчун, П. П., Kadykova, O. I., & Lisova, H. (2019) · Zaporozhye Medical Journal · doi:10.14739/2310-1210.2019.1.155783 · Cited by 1
The interplay between bone, muscle and adipose tissue — is there a role for potential new metabolic biomarker?
Bilinski, W. J., Paradowski, P. T., & Sypniewska, G. (2019) · Medical Research Journal · doi:10.5603/mrj.a2019.0023 · Cited by 1
“It was reported that the synthesis of sclerostin and irisin may be influenced by estradiol in postmenopausal overweight women with osteoporosis [5, 22].”
Background
Relationship between QT dispersion and biochemical parameters in Behçet’s disease
Altuntaş, E., Nazik, H., Gül, F. Ç., & Demir, B. (2019) · Ortadoğu Tıp Dergisi · doi:10.21601/ortadogutipdergisi.474956 · Cited by 1
“376 ORTADOGU TIP DERG 2019; 11(4): 372-377 This pathological situation occurs after complex interaction between inflammation and metabolic mediators [16].”
Background
Insulin sensitization via PPAR γ and glucose uptake through activation of PI3K/p-Akt signaling pathway by resveratrol in type 2 diabetic rats
Mohammed, F. Z., Gurigis, A. A., Abdel-Mageed, W., & Nassr, A. (2016) · Biochemistry Letters · doi:10.21608/blj.2016.48169 · Cited by 1
“Irisin has been identified as a novel myokine that drives brown –fat- like conversion of white adipose tissue [8] .”
Background
Biomarkers of Insulin Resistance
Cox‐York, K. A., & Pereira, R. I. (2019) · Contemporary Endocrinology · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-25057-7_11 · Cited by 1
Serum Irisin Levels in Patients with Acute Atrial Fibrillation
Özer, V., KARACA, Y., Günaydın, M., OZER, S., SAHIN, M., KARAHAN, S. C., SAHIN, E., SAHIN, A., & GUNDUZ, A. (2019) · Signa Vitae · doi:10.22514/sv152.092019.5 · Cited by 1
Effect of Adipose Tissue-Derived Stem Cell Transplantation and Six Weeks of Aerobic Exercise on FNDC5 and Irisin Levels in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats
nasiraey, M., Chashmi, A. J., & Hashemvarzi, S. A. (2020) · Medical Laboratory Journal · doi:10.52547/mlj.14.6.34 · Cited by 1
Effect of Eight Weeks Sports Programs on Blood Irisin Level in Healthy Male Sport Practitioners
Al-Naemi, R. S., Khalid, A., & Al-Doski, D. (2021) · Govara zanistîn mirovayetî ya-zankoya Zaxo · doi:10.26436/hjuoz.2021.9.2.687 · Cited by 1
Protein- und Peptid-Hormone von Vertebraten
Kleine, B., & Rossmanith, W. G. (2020) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-662-58502-3_4 · Cited by 1
Levels of leptin, irisin, oxytocin and insulin in obese and normal weight Iraqi young men
Hammoud, A. S., & Salman, M. I. (2023) · Biomedicine · doi:10.51248/.v43i4.3106 · Cited by 1
“Irisin, a newly identified myokine which converts the white adipose tissues to brown adipose tissues, so this hormone also participates in energy expenditure, thermogenesis, and glucose homeostasis (6).”
BackgroundResult
Low serum irisin levels in newly diagnosed patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a meta-analysis
Nurcahya, I. G. N. M., Paramitha, A. A. P., Putrawan, I. B. I. W., & Wulandari, D. C. (2023) · Intisari Sains Medis · doi:10.15562/ism.v14i1.1587 · Cited by 1

Authors: Moreno-Navarrete, J. M., Ortega, F., Serrano, M., Guerra, E., Pardo, G., Tinahones, F., Ricart, W., & Fernández-Real, J. M.
Affiliations: Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Nutrition (J.M.M.-N., F.O., M.S., E.G., G.P., W.R., J.M.-F.-R.), Hospital Dr. Josep Trueta de Girona, Spain, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Girona, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn) (CB06/03/010), and Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 17007 Girona, Spain, Department of Endocrinology and Nu
Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ES)
ORCID: Ortega, Francisco
Serrano, Marta
Tinahones, Francisco
Ricart, Wifredo
Venue: The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism
Publisher: The Endocrine Society
Published: 2013-04-01
Volume: 98
Issue: 4
Pages: E769-E778
ISSN: 0021-972X (ISSN-L)
1945-7197
DOI: 10.1210/jc.2012-2749
OpenAlex: W2046500896
Cited by: 788
References: 23
Citations by year: 2026: 23 · 2025: 29 · 2024: 39 · 2023: 46 · 2022: 84 · 2021: 63 · 2020: 78 · 2019: 62 · 2018: 62 · 2017: 63 · 2016: 63 · 2015: 75 · 2014: 67 · 2013: 34
FWCI: 58.02
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
RISalud Institutional Health Repository of Andalucía (submittedVersion)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Adipokines, Inflammation, and Metabolic Diseases
Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology (medical) › Adipose Tissue and Metabolism
Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors
Keywords: irisin, FNDC5, obesity, insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes, brown adipose tissue, adipose tissue browning, skeletal muscle, UCP1, PGC-1α, adipocytes, mitochondrial genes, macrophage markers, FSP27, retinoblastoma 1
MeSH terms: Adipose Tissue, Adult, Aged, Animals, Cells, Cultured, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Female, Fibronectins, Humans, Insulin Resistance, Male, Middle Aged, Obesity, Gene Expression, Muscle, Skeletal, 3T3-L1 Cells, Mice, Genetic Association Studies

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Irisin Is Expressed and Produced by Human Muscle and Adipose Tissue in Association With Obesity and Insulin Resistance

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