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Irisin Is Expressed and Produced by Human Muscle and Adipose Tissue in Association With Obesity and Insulin Resistance
Abstract
CONTEXT: Recently irisin (encoded by Fndc5 gene) has been reported to stimulate browning and uncoupling protein 1 expression in sc adipose tissue of mice. OBJECTIVE: The objective of the study was to investigate FNDC5 gene expression in human muscle and adipose tissue and circulating irisin according to obesity, insulin sensitivity, and type 2 diabetes. DESIGN, PATIENTS, AND MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Adipose tissue FNDC5 gene expression and circulating irisin (ELISA) were analyzed in 2 different cohorts (n = 125 and n = 76); muscle FNDC5 expression was also evaluated in a subcohort of 34 subjects. In vitro studies in human preadipocytes and adipocytes and in induced browning of 3T3-L1 cells (by means of retinoblastoma 1 silencing) were also performed. RESULTS: In both sc and visceral adipose tissue, FNDC5 gene expression decreased significantly in association with obesity and was positively associated with brown adipose tissue markers, lipogenic, insulin pathway-related, mitochondrial, and alternative macrophage gene markers and negatively associated with LEP, TNFα, and FSP27 (a known repressor of brown genes). Circulating irisin and irisin levels in adipose tissue were significantly associated with FNDC5 gene expression in adipose tissue. In muscle, the FNDC5 gene was 200-fold more expressed than in adipose tissue, and its expression was associated with body mass index, PGC1α, and other mitochondrial genes. In obese participants, FNDC5 gene expression in muscle was significantly decreased in association with type 2 diabetes. Interestingly, muscle FNDC5 gene expression was significantly associated with FNDC5 and UCP1 gene expression in visceral adipose tissue. In men, circulating irisin levels were negatively associated with obesity and insulin resistance. Irisin was secreted from human adipocytes into the media, and the induction of browning in 3T3-L1 cells led to increased secreted irisin levels. CONCLUSIONS: Decreased circulating irisin concentration and FNDC5 gene expression in adipose tissue and muscle from obese and type 2 diabetic subjects suggests a loss of brown-like characteristics and a potential target for therapy.
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“and possibly irisin, which is known to be downregulated by glucotoxic, lipotoxic [47,48], and inflammatory conditions [45].”
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Items 101–200 of 786
The Role of Irisin in Alzheimer’s Disease
Kim, O. Y., & Song, J. (2018) · Journal of Clinical Medicine · doi:10.3390/jcm7110407 · Cited by 91
“Previous studies reported the strong association between FNDC5/irisin and insulin resistance estimated by homeostatic model assessment [125], and by testing glucose tolerance [50].”
BackgroundSearching for the link between inflammaging and sarcopenia
Wang, T. (2022) · Ageing Research Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.arr.2022.101611 · Cited by 90
Diet quality is associated with circulating C-reactive protein but not irisin levels in humans
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“Though several studies on irisin have been performed [20–24,34,35,48–51] and irisin is hypothesized to play an important role in human metabolism[52–54], the physiology of this hormone has yet to be fully characterized including how it is regulated and how it might be involved in the development of obesity and its com…”
BackgroundResultDecreased irisin secretion contributes to muscle insulin resistance in high-fat diet mice.
Yang, Z., Xu, C., Chen, Y., & Zhao, Q. (2015) · Europe PMC (PubMed Central) · Cited by 86
Harnessing Muscle–Liver Crosstalk to Treat Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis
Chakravarthy, M. V., Siddiqui, M. S., Forsgren, M. F., & Sanyal, A. J. (2020) · Frontiers in Endocrinology · doi:10.3389/fendo.2020.592373 · Cited by 96
“Irisin expression in skeletal muscle is reduced in obesity and is related to insulin sensitivity (143).”
BackgroundThe Role of Exercise, Diet, and Cytokines in Preventing Obesity and Improving Adipose Tissue
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“In recent years, it has become apparent that irisin as a cleaved fragment is also secreted into the circulation following proteolytic cleavage from its cellular form in humans and can readily be quantified by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay [311].”
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“Irisin has been proposed to be produced by adipocytes [11, 12], although in lower quantities.”
BackgroundIrisin Is Regulated by CAR in Liver and Is a Mediator of Hepatic Glucose and Lipid Metabolism
Mo, L., Shen, J., Liu, Q., Zhang, Y., Kuang, J., Pu, S., Cheng, S., Zou, M., Jiang, W., Jiang, C., et al. (2016) · Molecular Endocrinology · doi:10.1210/me.2015-1292 · Cited by 89
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“[36] that also considered FNDC5 an adipokine.”
Irisin, a Link among Fatty Liver Disease, Physical Inactivity and Insulin Resistance
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Circulating Irisin Concentrations in Rat Models of Thyroid Dysfunction — Effect of Exercise
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Serum levels of irisin in gestational diabetes mellitus during pregnancy and after delivery
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“Irisin is also expressed by the AT and respond to PA as for its muscle counterpart (299, 300).”
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“Other studies have demonstrated that irisin is not only present in muscle tissue but also is produced by adipocytes [21,22].”
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“In humans, there is a strong correlation between BAT activity and body fat percentage and high BMI, while subjects without BATactivity show a significantly lower non-shivering thermogenesis [7, 11, 19, 20, 28, 29, 89].”
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“Additionally, irisin stimulates muscle accretion by inducing myogenesis and inhibiting muscle atrophy (Demirpence et al., 2016; Huh et al., 2014; Moreno‐Navarrete et al., 2013; Rodriguez et al., 2015).”
BackgroundMetwally, M., Bayoumi, A., Romero‐Gómez, M., Thabet, K., John, M., Adams, L. A., Huo, X., Aller, R., García‐Monzón, C., Arias, M., et al. (2018) · Journal of Hepatology · doi:10.1016/j.jhep.2018.10.021 · Cited by 81
“In humans, FNDC5 is expressed in skeletal muscle and adipose tissues serving as both a myokine and adipokine, though the principle source appears to be muscle [33].”
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“Previous studies are rather controversial and there is no general agreement about circulating irisin levels and their correlation with body mass and obesity-associated parameters [16, 17] and the beneficial effect of irisin on the treatment of obesity has been challenged by recent reports in obese animals and humans.”
BackgroundFrühbeck, G., Fernández-Quintana, B., Paniagua, M., Hernández‐Pardos, A. W., Valentí, V., Moncada, R., Catalán, V., Becerril, S., Gómez‐Ambrosi, J., Portincasa, P., et al. (2020) · Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.metabol.2020.154261 · Cited by 80
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Irisin, a unique non-inflammatory myokine in stimulating skeletal muscle metabolism
Vaughan, R. A., Gannon, N. P., Mermier, C. M., & Conn, C. A. (2015) · Journal of Physiology and Biochemistry · doi:10.1007/s13105-015-0433-9 · Cited by 79
“Irisin, a recently identified stimulator of metabolism, is hypothesized to be cleaved from fibronectin type III domain-containing protein 5 (FNDC5) which is expressed on the surface of skeletal muscle [6, 7, 20, 28, 47].”
BackgroundTu, W., Qiu, H., Liu, Q., Li, X., Zhao, J.-Z., & Zeng, X. (2018) · Journal of Neuroinflammation · doi:10.1186/s12974-018-1177-6 · Cited by 82
“Besides, irisin was also found to have an essential role in the chronic kidney disease [9], obesity [10], insulin resistance [11], or type 2 diabetes [12].”
BackgroundInteraction between sarcopenia and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease
Joo, S. K., & Kim, W. (2023) · Clinical and Molecular Hepatology · doi:10.3350/cmh.2022.0358 · Cited by 78
“Irisin expression in muscle and serum irisin level are reduced in obese subjects.(80) IL-6 has a dual metabolic effect.”
BackgroundIrisin in humans: recent advances and questions for future research
Boström, P., Fernández‐Real, J. M., & Mantzoros, C. S. (2013) · Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.metabol.2013.11.009 · Cited by 79
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Inflammation Markers in Type 2 Diabetes and the Metabolic Syndrome in the Pediatric Population
Reinehr, T., & Roth, C. L. (2018) · Current Diabetes Reports · doi:10.1007/s11892-018-1110-5 · Cited by 78
The serum level of irisin, but not asprosin, is abnormal in polycystic ovary syndrome patients
Chang, C. L., Huang, S. Y., Hsu, Y. C., Chin, T. H., & Soong, Y. K. (2019) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-019-42061-9 · Cited by 80
The “irisin system”: From biological roles to pharmacological and nutraceutical perspectives
Flori, L., Testai, L., & Calderone, V. (2020) · Life Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118954 · Cited by 81
Belviranlı, M., Okudan, N., Kabak, B., Erdoğan, M., & Karanfılcı, M. (2016) · The Physician and Sportsmedicine · doi:10.1080/00913847.2016.1196125 · Cited by 77
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Ma, C., Ding, H., Deng, Y., Liu, H., Xiong, X., & Yang, Y. (2021) · Frontiers in Physiology · doi:10.3389/fphys.2021.620608 · Cited by 76
Planella-Farrugia, C., Comas, F., Sabater, M., Moreno, M., Moreno‐Navarrete, J. M., Rovira, O., Ricart, W., & Fernández‐Real, J. M. (2019) · Frontiers in Physiology · doi:10.3389/fphys.2019.00871 · Cited by 77
The role of sex, adiposity, and gonadectomy in the regulation of irisin secretion
Zügel, M., Qiu, S., Laszlo, R., Bosnyák, E., Weigt, C., Müller, D. R., Diel, P. R., Steinacker, J. M., & Schümann, U. (2016) · Endocrine · doi:10.1007/s12020-016-0913-x · Cited by 76
“Irisin is predominantly secreted from skeletal muscle, subcutaneous, and visceral adipose tissue [15, 16].”
BackgroundRuan, Q., Huang, Y., Yang, L., Ruan, J., Gu, W., Zhang, X., Zhang, Y., Zhang, W., & Yu, Z. (2019) · Peptides · doi:10.1016/j.peptides.2019.01.004 · Cited by 79
Muscle Irisin Response to Aerobic vs HIIT in Overweight Female Adolescents
Archundia-Herrera, C., Macias-Cervantes, M., Ruiz-Muñoz, B., Vargas-Ortiz, K., Kornhauser, C., & Perez-Vazquez, V. (2017) · Diabetology & Metabolic Syndrome · doi:10.1186/s13098-017-0302-5 · Cited by 72
“, found that muscular levels of irisin was 200 times higher in relation to adipose tissue [38].”
BackgroundThe Emerging Role of Irisin in Cardiovascular Diseases
Fu, J., Li, F., Tang, Y., Cai, L., Zeng, C., Yang, Y., & Yang, J. (2021) · Journal of the American Heart Association · doi:10.1161/jaha.121.022453 · Cited by 78
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Canosa, L. F., & Bertucci, J. I. (2020) · Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.mce.2020.111029 · Cited by 72
Irisin in obesity and type 2 diabetes
Højlund, K., & Boström, P. (2013) · Journal of Diabetes and its Complications · doi:10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2013.04.002 · Cited by 76
“, 2013), and in a small cohort of undefined patients with type 2 diabetes (Moreno-Navarrete et al., 2013).”
BackgroundResultInfluentialMaternal serum and fetal cord blood irisin levels in gestational diabetes mellitus
Yüksel, M. A., Öncül, M., Tüten, A., İmamoğlu, M., Açıkgöz, A. S., Kücür, M., & Madazlı, R. (2014) · Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice · doi:10.1016/j.diabres.2013.12.025 · Cited by 71
Huerta, A. E., Prieto-Hontoria, P. L., Fernández‐Galilea, M., Sáinź, N., Cuervo, M., Martínez, J. A., & Moreno-Aliaga, M. J. (2015) · Journal of Physiology and Biochemistry · doi:10.1007/s13105-015-0400-5 · Cited by 70
“However, other trials reported that the blood irisin concentrations are decreased in type 2 diabetic individuals [5, 17, 22] and in those with metabolic syndrome [39].”
BackgroundInfluentialA Review on the Role of Irisin in Insulin Resistance and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.
Gizaw, M., Anandakumar, P., & Tolessa, D. (2017) · Europe PMC (PubMed Central) · doi:10.3831/kpi.2017.20.029 · Cited by 68
RetractedDetection and quantitation of irisin in human cerebrospinal fluid by tandem mass spectrometry
Ruan, Q., Zhang, L., Ruan, J., Zhang, X., Chen, J., Ma, C., & Yu, Z. (2018) · Peptides · doi:10.1016/j.peptides.2018.03.013 · Cited by 71
“Irisin may be secreted by white adipose tissue in rodents and humans [3,4] and acts as an adipokine.”
Decreased Concentration of Irisin Is Associated with Poor Functional Outcome in Ischemic Stroke
Tu, W., Qiu, H., Cao, J., Liu, Q., Zeng, X., & Zhao, J.-Z. (2018) · Neurotherapeutics · doi:10.1007/s13311-018-0651-2 · Cited by 69
Myostatin signals through miR-34a to regulate Fndc5 expression and browning of white adipocytes
Ge, X., Sathiakumar, D., Lua, B.-N., Kukreti, H., Lee, M., & McFarlane, C. (2016) · International Journal of Obesity · doi:10.1038/ijo.2016.110 · Cited by 67
Relationship between circulating irisin levels and overweight/obesity: A meta-analysis
Jia, J., Yu, F., Wei, W., Yang, P., Zhang, R., Sheng, Y., & Shi, Y.-Q. (2019) · World Journal of Clinical Cases · doi:10.12998/wjcc.v7.i12.1444 · Cited by 71
Irisin Exerts Inhibitory Effect on Adipogenesis Through Regulation of Wnt Signaling
Ma, E. B., Sahar, N.-E., Jeong, M., & Huh, J. Y. (2019) · Frontiers in Physiology · doi:10.3389/fphys.2019.01085 · Cited by 69
Plasma irisin is elevated in type 2 diabetes and is associated with increased E-selectin levels
Rana, K. S., Pararasa, C., Afzal, I., Nagel, D. A., Hill, E. J., Bailey, C. J., Griffiths, H. R., Kyrou, I., Randeva, H. S., Bellary, S., et al. (2017) · Cardiovascular Diabetology · doi:10.1186/s12933-017-0627-2 · Cited by 67
“The authors concluded that circulating irisin is dysfunctionally altered in subjects with lower skeletal muscle mass and higher visceral fat [47] which carries implications for any application of irisin as a potential anti-obesity treatment [5, 12].”
BackgroundIncreased levels of irisin in people with long‐standing Type 1 diabetes
Espes, D., Lau, J., & Carlsson, P. (2015) · Diabetic Medicine · doi:10.1111/dme.12731 · Cited by 67
Zhang, M., Chen, P., Chen, S., Sun, Q., Qc, Z., Jy, C., Yx, L., Xh, C., Ren, M., & Wang, J.-K. (2014) · PubMed · Cited by 65
Chang, C. L., Huang, S. Y., Soong, Y. K., Cheng, P. J., Wang, C., & Liang, I. T. (2014) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jc.2014-1180 · Cited by 68
Peterson, J. M., Mart, R., & Bond, C. E. (2014) · PeerJ · doi:10.7717/peerj.605 · Cited by 64
“Although a number of cross sectional studies have compared irisin/FNDC5 levels to body mass index (BMI) the results have been contradictory (14, 17- 19, 28-31).”
ResultInfluentialde la Iglesia, R., Lopez‐Legarrea, P., Crujeiras, A. B., Pardo, M., Casanueva, F. F., Zulet, M. Á., & Martínez, J. A. (2013) · Clinical Endocrinology · doi:10.1111/cen.12383 · Cited by 66
Irisin: A Multifaceted Hormone Bridging Exercise and Disease Pathophysiology
Paoletti, I., & Coccurello, R. (2024) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms252413480 · Cited by 81
Serum irisin concentration in women with gestational diabetes
Kuźmicki, M., Telejko, B., Lipińska, D., Pliszka, J., Szamatowicz, M., Wilk, J., Zbucka-Krętowska, M., Laudański, P., Kretowski, A. J., Górska, M., et al. (2014) · Gynecological Endocrinology · doi:10.3109/09513590.2014.920006 · Cited by 66
“[6] in individuals with various degree of obesity.”
BackgroundInfluencing Factors of Thermogenic Adipose Tissue Activity
Zhang, G., Sun, Q., & Liu, C. (2016) · Frontiers in Physiology · doi:10.3389/fphys.2016.00029 · Cited by 68
Vamvini, M. T., Aronis, K. N., Panagiotou, G., Huh, J. Y., Chamberland, J. P., Brinkoetter, M. T., Petrou, M., Christophi, C. A., Kales, S. N., Christiani, D. C., et al. (2013) · European Journal of Endocrinology · doi:10.1530/eje-13-0276 · Cited by 65
Irisin acts as a regulator of macrophages host defense
Mazur-Biały, A. I. (2017) · Life Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.lfs.2017.03.011 · Cited by 65
Meneck, F. D., de Souza, L. V., Oliveira, V., & Franco, M. D. C. (2018) · Nutrition Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases · doi:10.1016/j.numecd.2018.04.009 · Cited by 63
Li, D., Huang, F., Lu, W., Jiang, G. ‐., Deng, Y., & Shen, F. (2014) · Acta Physiologica · doi:10.1111/apha.12421 · Cited by 66
“Decreased circulating irisin concentration and FNDC5 gene expression in muscle and adipose tissue was observed in obese and new-onset type 2 diabetic subjects (Choi et al. 2013, Liu et al. 2013, Moreno-Navarrete et al. 2013).”
BackgroundDulian, K., Laskowski, R., Grzywacz, T., Kujach, S., Flis, D. J., Smaruj, M., & Ziemann, E. (2015) · Cryobiology · doi:10.1016/j.cryobiol.2015.10.143 · Cited by 64
Free androgen index and Irisin in polycystic ovary syndrome
Li, H., Xu, X., Wang, X., Liao, X., Li, L., Yang, G., & Gao, L. (2015) · Journal of Endocrinological Investigation · doi:10.1007/s40618-015-0403-7 · Cited by 62
“These results, in parallel to previous observations in PCOS women [19], suggest that the effect is largely a stimulatory effect of hyperinsulinemia on ovarian androgen production, although a few studies suggest that testosterone may worsen IR [17, 32, 33].”
ResultAnti-diabetic activity of recombinant irisin in STZ-induced insulin-deficient diabetic mice
Duan, H., Ma, B., Ma, X., Wang, H., Ni, Z., Wang, B., Li, X., Jiang, P., Umar, M., & Li, M. (2015) · International Journal of Biological Macromolecules · doi:10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2015.12.049 · Cited by 62
Association of Serum Irisin Concentrations with Presence and Severity of Coronary Artery Disease
Deng, W. (2016) · Medical Science Monitor · doi:10.12659/msm.897376 · Cited by 63
“The case and control groups were statistically matched for age, sex, and BMI.”
BackgroundInfluentialQiu, S., Bosnyák, E., Treff, G., Steinacker, J. M., Niess, A. M., Krüger, K., Mooren, F. C., Zügel, M., & Schümann, U. (2018) · European Journal of Sport Science · doi:10.1080/17461391.2018.1478452 · Cited by 64
“Since irisin is not only a myokine but also an adipokine that is released from adipose tissue (Moreno-Navarrete et al., 2013), it seems likely that the higher fat oxidation rates and larger muscle mass involved in running might contribute to the prolonged timeperiod of elevated irisin levels…”
BackgroundFndc5 loss‐of‐function attenuates exercise‐induced browning of white adipose tissue in mice
Xiong, Y., Wu, Z., Zhang, B., Wang, C., Mao, F., Liu, X., Hu, K., Sun, X., Jin, W. L., & Kuang, S. (2019) · The FASEB Journal · doi:10.1096/fj.201801754rr · Cited by 64
“Recent imaging studies revealed the presence of substantial deposits of UCP1-positive adipocytes in healthy humans (17–19), and the mass and activity of UCP1-positive cells were positively correlated to physical activity (20, 21).”
BackgroundAdipose–Muscle Crosstalk in Age-Related Metabolic Disorders: The Emerging Roles of Adipo-Myokines
Fang, P., She, Y., Yu, M., Min, W., Shang, W., & Zhang, Z. (2023) · Ageing Research Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.arr.2022.101829 · Cited by 62
The Role of Irisin in Cancer Disease
Pinkowska, A., Podhorska‐Okołów, M., Dzięgiel, P., & Nowińska, K. (2021) · Cells · doi:10.3390/cells10061479 · Cited by 62
“, in the adipose tissue [2,3], cardiomyocytes [4], kidney [4], liver [4], skin [4], and cerebellum [5].”
BackgroundThe Role of Adipokines in the Pathogenesis of Psoriasis
Kiełbowski, K., Bakinowska, E., Ostrowski, P., Pala, B., Gromowska, E., Gurazda, K., Dec, P., Modrzejewski, A., & Pawlik, A. (2023) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms24076390 · Cited by 63
Uysal, N., Yüksel, O., Kızıldağ, S., Yüce, Z., Gümüş, H., Karakılıç, A., Güvendi, G., Koç, B., Kandiş, S., & Ateş, M. (2018) · Neuroscience Letters · doi:10.1016/j.neulet.2018.04.023 · Cited by 59
Scalzo, R. L., Peltonen, G. L., Giordano, G., Binns, S. E., Klochak, A. L., Paris, H. L. R., Schweder, M. M., Szallar, S. E., Wood, L. M., Larson, D. G., et al. (2014) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0090696 · Cited by 60
“Circulating irisin and FGF21 have been linked statistically with indices of insulin resistance [6–10,59].”
BackgroundDisordered metabolism in mice lacking irisin
Luo, Y., Qiao, X., Ma, Y., Deng, H., Xu, C. C., & Xu, L. (2020) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-020-74588-7 · Cited by 60
The Effect of Irisin as a Metabolic Regulator and Its Therapeutic Potential for Obesity
Li, H., Wang, F., Mu, Y., Sun, J., Zhao, Y. C., & Tang, D. (2021) · International Journal of Endocrinology · doi:10.1155/2021/6572342 · Cited by 67
“Another group of researchers reported a positive correlation between FNDC5 expression and anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 and a negative correlation with TNF-α levels [125].”
BackgroundIjiri, N., Kanazawa, H., Asai, K., Watanabe, T., & Hirata, K. (2015) · Respirology · doi:10.1111/resp.12513 · Cited by 60
Nonmuscle Tissues Contribution to Cancer Cachexia
Argilés, J. M. A., Stemmler, B., López-Soriano, F. J., & Busquets, S. (2015) · Mediators of Inflammation · doi:10.1155/2015/182872 · Cited by 59
Regulatory mechanisms of macrophage polarization in adipose tissue
Pan, D., Guo, L., Jiang, C., Hu, J., & Hu, X. (2023) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2023.1149366 · Cited by 64
“In obese subjects, circulating irisin levels are reduced and are related with insulin sensitivity (62).”
BackgroundEfe, T. H., Açar, B., Ertem, A. G., Yayla, K. G., Algül, E., Yayla, Ç., Ünal, S., Bilgin, M., Çimen, T., Kırbaş, Ö., et al. (2016) · Korean Circulation Journal · doi:10.4070/kcj.2016.0079 · Cited by 58
Irisin and Autophagy: First Update
Pesce, M., Ballerini, P., Paolucci, T., Puca, I., Farzaei, M. H., & Patruno, A. (2020) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms21207587 · Cited by 59
“Due to these evidences, irisin might be considered for the management of T2DM in the future.”
BackgroundResultInfluentialInterferon Family Cytokines in Obesity and Insulin Sensitivity
Huang, L.-Y., Chiu, C.-J., Hsing, C., & Hsu, Y. (2022) · Cells · doi:10.3390/cells11244041 · Cited by 59
Lower circulating irisin is associated with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and type 2 diabetes
Shanaki, M., Moradi, N., Emamgholipour, S., Fadaei, R., & Poustchi, H. (2017) · Diabetes & Metabolic Syndrome Clinical Research & Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.dsx.2017.03.037 · Cited by 57
Myokines: Metabolic regulation in obesity and type 2 diabetes
Chen, Z.-T., Weng, Z.-X., Lin, J. D., & Meng, Z.-X. (2024) · Life Metabolism · doi:10.1093/lifemeta/loae006 · Cited by 58
“Compared to skeletal muscle, human adipose tissues produce 100–200 times lower FNDC5 protein [72].”
Dianatinasab, A., Koroni, R., Bahramian, M., Bagheri-Hosseinabadi, Z., Vaismoradi, M., Fararouei, M., & Amanat, S. (2020) · Journal of Exercise Science & Fitness · doi:10.1016/j.jesf.2020.06.004 · Cited by 56
“35 Accordingly, the conversion of white fat tissue to brown adipose tissue can increase thermogenesis and energy consumption and, eventually, lead to weight loss through myokine irisin.”
BackgroundGarcía-Fontana, B., Reyes‐García, R., Morales, S., Ávila-Rubio, V., Muñoz‐Garach, A., Rozas-Moreno, P., & Muñoz‐Torres, M. (2015) · Endocrine · doi:10.1007/s12020-015-0758-8 · Cited by 54
Klangjareonchai, T., Nimitphong, H., Saetung, S., Bhirommuang, N., Samittarucksa, R., Chanprasertyothin, S., Sudatip, R., & Ongphiphadhanakul, B. (2014) · International Journal of Endocrinology · doi:10.1155/2014/261545 · Cited by 56
“In addition, with comparable BMI, subjects with T2DMhad lower levels of circulating irisin than controls [16].”
BackgroundInfluentialSerum Irisin and Oxytocin Levels as Predictors of Metabolic Parameters in Obese Children
Binay, Ç., Paketçi, C., Güzel, S., & Samancı, N. (2017) · Journal of Clinical Research in Pediatric Endocrinology · doi:10.4274/jcrpe.3963 · Cited by 59
“In contrast, some researchers have speculated that irisin levels are significantly decreased in patients with obesity (4), non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (37), and type 2 diabetes (38,39).”
BackgroundSerum levels of irisin predict short-term outcomes in ischemic stroke
Wu, H., Guo, P., Jin, Z. Y., Li, X., Yang, X., Tang, C., Wang, Y., & Ke, J. (2018) · Cytokine · doi:10.1016/j.cyto.2018.02.017 · Cited by 55
Hsieh, C., Ho, M.-Y., Wen, M., Chen, C., Hsieh, M., Lin, C., Yeh, J., Tsai, M., Yang, C., Wu, V. C., et al. (2018) · International Journal of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.ijcard.2017.11.072 · Cited by 55
Biondi, G., Marrano, N., Borrelli, A., Rella, M., Palma, G., CALDERONI, I., Siciliano, E., Lops, P., Giorgino, F., & Natalicchio, A. (2022) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms23105522 · Cited by 58
“White adipose tissue (WAT) is characterised by high insulin sensitivity and plays a crucial role in energy storage and endocrine communication, while brown adipose tissue (BAT) is involved in the regulation of thermogenesis as it can use energy to produce heat.”
BackgroundInfluentialDoes IRISIN Have a BRITE Future as a Therapeutic Agent in Humans?
Irving, B. A., Still, C. D., & Argyropoulos, G. A. (2014) · Current Obesity Reports · doi:10.1007/s13679-014-0091-1 · Cited by 56
Irisin Levels are Not Affected by Physical Activity in Patients with Anorexia Nervosa
Hofmann, T., Elbelt, U., Ahnis, A., Kobelt, P., Rose, M., & Stengel, A. (2014) · Frontiers in Endocrinology · doi:10.3389/fendo.2013.00202 · Cited by 54
“Additionally, this peptide is also present in adipose tissue (7, 8) and rodent cerebellar Purkinje cells (9).”
BackgroundNigro, E., Scudiero, O., Monaco, M. L., Polito, R., Schettino, P., Grandone, A., Perrone, L., del Giudice, E. M., & Daniele, A. (2017) · Cytokine · doi:10.1016/j.cyto.2016.12.018 · Cited by 54
Mazur-Biały, A. I., Bilski, J., Wójcik-Grzybek, D., Brzozowski, B., Surmiak, M., Hubalewska‐Mazgaj, M., Chmura, A., Magierowski, M., Magierowska, K., Mach, T., et al. (2017) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu9040410 · Cited by 64
“adipose tissue along with enhanced release of proinflammatory cytokines being possibly mediated by substance P [74,76,77].”
BackgroundElizondo‐Montemayor, L., González-Gil, A. M., Tamez‐Rivera, O., Toledo‐Salinas, C., Peschard-Franco, M., Rodríguez-Gutiérrez, N. A., Silva‐Platas, C., & García‐Rivas, G. (2019) · Mediators of Inflammation · doi:10.1155/2019/6737318 · Cited by 56
“As well, increased irisin levels inhibit the secretion of proinflammatory cytokines and promote secretion of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 by interacting with infiltrating immune cells in adipose tissue and stimulating macrophage polarization from M1 to M2 phenotype [43, 70, 72, 73, 78].”
Background
Metadata
- Authors
- Moreno-Navarrete, J. M., Ortega, F., Serrano, M., Guerra, E., Pardo, G., Tinahones, F., Ricart, W., & Fernández-Real, J. M.
- Affiliations
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Nutrition (J.M.M.-N., F.O., M.S., E.G., G.P., W.R., J.M.-F.-R.), Hospital Dr. Josep Trueta de Girona, Spain, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Girona, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn) (CB06/03/010), and Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 17007 Girona, Spain, Department of Endocrinology and Nu
- Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ES)
- Venue
- The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism
- Publisher
- The Endocrine Society
- Published
- 2013-04-01
- Volume
- 98
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- E769-E778
- ISSN
- 0021-972X (ISSN-L)
- 1945-7197
- OpenAlex
- W2046500896
- Cited by
- 788
- References
- 23
- Citations by year
- 2026: 23 · 2025: 29 · 2024: 39 · 2023: 46 · 2022: 84 · 2021: 63 · 2020: 78 · 2019: 62 · 2018: 62 · 2017: 63 · 2016: 63 · 2015: 75 · 2014: 67 · 2013: 34
- FWCI
- 58.02
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- RISalud Institutional Health Repository of Andalucía (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Adipokines, Inflammation, and Metabolic Diseases
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology (medical) › Adipose Tissue and Metabolism
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors
- Keywords
- irisin, FNDC5, obesity, insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes, brown adipose tissue, adipose tissue browning, skeletal muscle, UCP1, PGC-1α, adipocytes, mitochondrial genes, macrophage markers, FSP27, retinoblastoma 1
- MeSH terms
- Adipose Tissue, Adult, Aged, Animals, Cells, Cultured, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Female, Fibronectins, Humans, Insulin Resistance, Male, Middle Aged, Obesity, Gene Expression, Muscle, Skeletal, 3T3-L1 Cells, Mice, Genetic Association Studies
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