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Irisin Is Expressed and Produced by Human Muscle and Adipose Tissue in Association With Obesity and Insulin Resistance
Abstract
CONTEXT: Recently irisin (encoded by Fndc5 gene) has been reported to stimulate browning and uncoupling protein 1 expression in sc adipose tissue of mice. OBJECTIVE: The objective of the study was to investigate FNDC5 gene expression in human muscle and adipose tissue and circulating irisin according to obesity, insulin sensitivity, and type 2 diabetes. DESIGN, PATIENTS, AND MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Adipose tissue FNDC5 gene expression and circulating irisin (ELISA) were analyzed in 2 different cohorts (n = 125 and n = 76); muscle FNDC5 expression was also evaluated in a subcohort of 34 subjects. In vitro studies in human preadipocytes and adipocytes and in induced browning of 3T3-L1 cells (by means of retinoblastoma 1 silencing) were also performed. RESULTS: In both sc and visceral adipose tissue, FNDC5 gene expression decreased significantly in association with obesity and was positively associated with brown adipose tissue markers, lipogenic, insulin pathway-related, mitochondrial, and alternative macrophage gene markers and negatively associated with LEP, TNFα, and FSP27 (a known repressor of brown genes). Circulating irisin and irisin levels in adipose tissue were significantly associated with FNDC5 gene expression in adipose tissue. In muscle, the FNDC5 gene was 200-fold more expressed than in adipose tissue, and its expression was associated with body mass index, PGC1α, and other mitochondrial genes. In obese participants, FNDC5 gene expression in muscle was significantly decreased in association with type 2 diabetes. Interestingly, muscle FNDC5 gene expression was significantly associated with FNDC5 and UCP1 gene expression in visceral adipose tissue. In men, circulating irisin levels were negatively associated with obesity and insulin resistance. Irisin was secreted from human adipocytes into the media, and the induction of browning in 3T3-L1 cells led to increased secreted irisin levels. CONCLUSIONS: Decreased circulating irisin concentration and FNDC5 gene expression in adipose tissue and muscle from obese and type 2 diabetic subjects suggests a loss of brown-like characteristics and a potential target for therapy.
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“and possibly irisin, which is known to be downregulated by glucotoxic, lipotoxic [47,48], and inflammatory conditions [45].”
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Irisin is Associated with Urotensin II and Protein Energy Wasting in Hemodialysis Patients
He, W., Wu, F., Pang, X., Chen, G.-J., Lata, A., Lian, H., Wang, S., Tang, C., & Zhang, A. (2016) · Kidney & Blood Pressure Research · doi:10.1159/000443412 · Cited by 20
Irisin and Visfatin Predicts Severity of Diabetic Nephropathy
Mageswari, R., Sridhar, M. G., Nandeesha, H., Parameswaran, S., & Vinod, K. V. (2018) · Indian Journal of Clinical Biochemistry · doi:10.1007/s12291-018-0749-7 · Cited by 20
Pharmacological and physiological roles of adipokines and myokines in metabolic-related dementia
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The role of irisin in kidney diseases
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Serum Irisin levels as a marker in some phenotypes of PCOS
Foda, A. A., Foda, E. A., & Aal, I. A. A. (2017) · Middle East Fertility Society Journal · doi:10.1016/j.mefs.2017.09.005 · Cited by 19
Erkeç, Ö. E., Algül, Ş., & Kara, M. (2018) · Neurological Research · doi:10.1080/01616412.2018.1503992 · Cited by 20
“Irisin exists in muscle tissue [17], adipose tissue [18], cerebrospinal fluid and the hypothalamus [19].”
BackgroundLeng, L., Zhang, C., Ren, L., & Li, Q. (2018) · International Journal of Molecular Medicine · doi:10.3892/ijmm.2018.4026 · Cited by 19
“Irisin is expressed and produced by human muscle and adipose tissue in association with obesity and insulin resistance (48).”
Serum irisin levels as a potential marker for diagnosis of gestational diabetes mellitus.
Al-Ghazali, M. J., Ali, H. A., & Al-Rufaie, M. M. (2020) · Acta bio-medica dell'Ateneo parmense/Acta biomedica · doi:10.23750/abm.v91i1.7675 · Cited by 19
“In clinical settings, circulating irisin levels are reportedly lower in patients with obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) (20, 21), indicating that irisin may play an essential role in glucose intolerance.”
BackgroundA brief overview about the physiology of fibronectin type III domain-containing 5
Zhang, X., Hu, C., Yuan, Y., Ma, Z., & Tang, Q. (2020) · Cellular Signalling · doi:10.1016/j.cellsig.2020.109805 · Cited by 18
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“expression of FNDC5 is downregulated in the visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissue of patients with obesity(18, 19) ,making the mechanism of IRISIN regulation of adipose tissue beigeization more complicated.”
BackgroundIntegrin αV Mediates the Effects of Irisin on Human Mature Adipocytes
Fu, T., Li, C., Sun, Z., Yan, B., Wu, Y., Huang, Z., & Yin, X. L. (2022) · Obesity Facts · doi:10.1159/000523871 · Cited by 19
Molecular Basis of Irisin Regulating the Effects of Exercise on Insulin Resistance
Lin, J., Liu, X., Zhou, Y., Zhu, B., Wang, Y., Cui, W., Peng, Y., Wang, B., Chen, Z., & Zhao, R. (2022) · Applied Sciences · doi:10.3390/app12125837 · Cited by 22
“FNDC5 was then cleaved and secreted as irisin [36,72].”
BackgroundAssociation between irisin and metabolic parameters in nondiabetic, nonobese adults: a meta-analysis
Li, Y., & Xu, Z. (2022) · Diabetology & Metabolic Syndrome · doi:10.1186/s13098-022-00922-w · Cited by 19
“Insulin levels and insulin resistance Studies have reported that irisin overexpression in mice fed a high-fat diet results in improved insulin sensitivity and glucose tolerance [17].”
BackgroundResultInfluentialQuiñones, M., Folgueira, C., Sánchez-Rebordelo, E., & Al–Massadi, O. (2015) · Mediators of Inflammation · doi:10.1155/2015/620919 · Cited by 18
“We do not find any correlation between fat mass, lean mass, or cholesterol levels and irisin in the different models studied (Figures 4(a), 4(b), 4(c), and 4(d); Figures 5(a), 5(c), 5(d), 5(e), 5(f), 5(h), and 5(i); Table 2); however, we detect a negative correlation between irisin and insulin in the DIOmodel (Figure…”
BackgroundResultInfluentialMaternal and neonatal irisin precursor gene FNDC5 polymorphism is associated with preterm birth
Salem, H., Yatchenko, Y., Anosov, M., Rosenfeld, T., Altarescu, G., Grisaru‐Granovsky, S., & Birk, R. Z. (2018) · Gene · doi:10.1016/j.gene.2018.01.097 · Cited by 18
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“Thus, the negative correlation between serum irisin levels and BMI in some studies (Moreno-Navarrete et al., 2013), as well as the present study (r= -0.”
ResultInfluentialCirculating irisin levels and muscle FNDC5 mRNA expression are independent of IL-15 levels in mice
Quinn, L. S., Anderson, B. G., Conner, J. D., & Wolden‐Hanson, T. (2015) · Endocrine · doi:10.1007/s12020-015-0607-9 · Cited by 21
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Sadr, A. S., Ehteram, H., Hosseini, E. S., Zarei, M. A., Bafrani, H. H., & Kashani, H. H. (2022) · Oncology and Therapy · doi:10.1007/s40487-022-00194-4 · Cited by 17
“Although irisin was first found in skeletal muscle and adipose tissue involved in energy homeostasis [18], it was recently also identified in the liver, pancreas, spleen, stomach, brain [19], heart [20], breast [21], and skin [22].”
BackgroundBerezin, A. A., Lichtenauer, M., Boxhammer, E., Stöhr, E. J., & Berezin, A. Е. (2022) · Cells · doi:10.3390/cells11182794 · Cited by 17
“In fact, increased irisin levels have been found in the early stages of acute HF, acute myocardial infarction and unstable angina, whereas individuals with prediabetes/T2DM and chronic kidney disease demonstrated less dramatic changes in the irisin levels when compared with HF patients [12,17,41,42].”
BackgroundResultEffects of oleic acid and/or exercise on diet-induced thermogenesis and obesity in rats
Salama, A., Amin, M. M., & Hassan, A. M. (2023) · Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences · doi:10.4103/1735-5362.367800 · Cited by 16
“Irisin promotes browning of WAT and stimulates thermogenesis (10) resulting in an improvement of obesity.”
BackgroundWeighing in on the role of brown adipose tissue for treatment of obesity
Prapaharan, B., Lea, M. B. S., & Beaudry, J. L. (2024) · Journal of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences · doi:10.3389/jpps.2024.13157 · Cited by 19
Schlögl, M., Piaggi, P., Votruba, S. B., Walter, M. F., Krakoff, J. A., & Thearle, M. S. (2015) · Appetite · doi:10.1016/j.appet.2015.03.003 · Cited by 17
“, 2014), or fasting insulin and irisin, consistent with previous findings (Choi et al., 2013; Liu et al., 2013; Moreno-Navarrete et al., 2013; Schumacher, Chinnam, Ohashi, Shah, & Erickson, 2013).”
ResultSundarrajan, L., & Unniappan, S. (2017) · General and Comparative Endocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.ygcen.2017.06.027 · Cited by 17
Modification of Muscle-Related Hormones in Women with Obesity: Potential Impact on Bone Metabolism
Maı̈moun, L., Mura, T., Attalin, V., Dupuy, A., Cristol, J., Avignon, A., Mariano‐Goulart, D., & Sultan, A. (2020) · Journal of Clinical Medicine · doi:10.3390/jcm9041150 · Cited by 17
“These results agree with previous clinical data [41,42] showing that both muscle mRNA and circulating irisin levels were negatively associated with obesity [41,42].”
ResultWerida, R. H., El-Gharbawy, N. M., & Mostafa, T. M. (2021) · Archives of Endocrinology and Metabolism · doi:10.20945/2359-3997000000336 · Cited by 18
“Irisin was suggested to be released from skeletal muscles and adipocytes (2).”
BackgroundResultInfluentialPanagiotou, G., Pazaitou‐Panayiotou, K., Paschou, S. Α., Komninou, D., Kalogeris, N., Vryonidou, A., & Mantzoros, C. S. (2016) · Thyroid · doi:10.1089/thy.2016.0098 · Cited by 17
“In addition, previous cross-sectional studies reported associations between irisin and anthropometric or biochemical parameters (10–12), other myokines (13), and adipokines such as adiponectin (14).”
Ciałowicz, M., Woźniewski, M., Murawska‐Ciałowicz, E., & Dzięgiel, P. (2025) · Cells · doi:10.3390/cells14161228 · Cited by 17
“Subsequent studies have detected its expression in adipose tissue as well [18–20].”
Serum irisin levels in polycystic ovary syndrome after ovarian drilling
Foda, A. A., Foda, E. A., & El-Said, Z. H. (2019) · Diabetes & Metabolic Syndrome Clinical Research & Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.dsx.2019.02.019 · Cited by 16
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The role of exercise-related FNDC5/irisin in depression
Liu, Y., Fu, X., Zhao, X., Cui, R., & Yang, W. (2024) · Frontiers in Pharmacology · doi:10.3389/fphar.2024.1461995 · Cited by 25
Zhang, S., Yang, L., Chen, P., Jin, H., Xie, X., Yang, M., Gao, T., Hu, C., & Yu, X. (2016) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0146605 · Cited by 16
Circulating Irisin Is Reduced in Male Patients with Type 1 and Type 2 Myotonic Dystrophies
Dozio, E., Passeri, E., Cardani, R., Benedini, S., Aresta, C., Valaperta, R., Romanelli, M. M. C., Meola, G., Sansone, V., & Corbetta, S. (2017) · Frontiers in Endocrinology · doi:10.3389/fendo.2017.00320 · Cited by 16
Zadegan, F. G., Ghaedi, K., Kalantar, S. M., Peymani, M., Hashemi, M., Baharvand, H., & Nasr‐Esfahani, M. H. (2015) · European Journal of Cell Biology · doi:10.1016/j.ejcb.2015.04.002 · Cited by 16
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“Am J Clin Nutr 89:1836–1845 Limesand SW, Jensen J, Hutton JC, Hay WW Jr (2005) Diminished beta-cell replication contributes to reduced beta-cell mass in fetal sheep with intrauterine growth restriction.”
Gür, F. M., Timurkaan, S., Tarakçı, B. G., Yalçin, M. H., Özkan, Z. E., Baygeldi, S. B., Yılmaz, S., & Eröksüz, H. (2018) · Anatomia Histologia Embryologia · doi:10.1111/ahe.12345 · Cited by 16
Demirel, O., Berezin, A. Е., Mirna, M., Boxhammer, E., Gharibeh, S. X., Hoppe, U. C., & Lichtenauer, M. (2023) · Biomedicines · doi:10.3390/biomedicines11051452 · Cited by 15
The role and underlying mechanisms of irisin in exercise-mediated cardiovascular protection
Guo, W., Peng, J., Su, J., Xia, J., Deng, W., Li, P., Chen, Y., Liu, G., Wang, S., & Huang, J. (2024) · PeerJ · doi:10.7717/peerj.18413 · Cited by 18
Relationship of Vitamin D-Deficient Diet and Irisin, and Their Impact on Energy Homeostasis in Rats
Abulmeaty, M. M. A., Almajwal, A. M., Alam, I., Razak, S., Elsadek, M. F., Aljuraiban, G. S., Hussein, K. S., & Malash, A. M. (2020) · Frontiers in Physiology · doi:10.3389/fphys.2020.00025 · Cited by 15
Irisin: linking metabolism with heart failure.
Li, J., Xie, S.-S., Guo, L., Jiang, J., & Chen, H. (2020) · PubMed Central · Cited by 15
Daudon, M., Ramé, C., Estienne, A., Price, C. A., & Dupont, J. (2022) · Frontiers in Veterinary Science · doi:10.3389/fvets.2022.960778 · Cited by 15
Potential Biomarkers for Physical Exercise-Induced Brain Health
Yau, S. Y., Li, A., Sun, X., Fontaine, C. J., Christie, B. R., & So, K. (2016) · InTech eBooks · doi:10.5772/62458 · Cited by 17
“Of note, obese patients and those with type 2 diabetes have lower circulating levels of irisin and Fndc5 gene expression in adipose tissue [118, 119].”
BackgroundBousmpoula, A., Benidis, E., Demeridou, S., Kapeta-Kourkouli, R., Chasiakou, A., Chasiakou, S., Kouskouni, E. E., & Baka, S. G. (2019) · Gynecological Endocrinology · doi:10.1080/09513590.2019.1594761 · Cited by 15
“Interestingly, recent studies have shown that irisin is also released from adipose tissue suggesting that is a new adipokine with significant autocrine and endocrine function [2,3].”
BackgroundWeber‐Rajek, M., Radzimińska, A., Strączyńska, A., Strojek, K., Piekorz, Z., Kozakiewicz, M., & Styczyńska, H. (2019) · BioMed Research International · doi:10.1155/2019/7356187 · Cited by 15
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“Abnormal serum irisin levels have been shown to associate with multiple metabolic diseases including obesity [3], type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) [4], gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) [5], nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) [6], metabolic syndrome [7] and polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) [8].”
BackgroundKetogenic diet with aerobic exercise can induce fat browning: potential roles of β-hydroxybutyrate
Kim, S., Park, D., Moon, S., Gu, B., Mantik, K. E. K., Kwak, H., Ryu, J.-K., & Kang, J.-H. (2024) · Frontiers in Nutrition · doi:10.3389/fnut.2024.1443483 · Cited by 14
Role of Biomarkers in Medicine
Wang, M., & Witzmann, F. A. (2016) · InTech eBooks · doi:10.5772/61449 · Cited by 16
Lin, H., Yuan, Y., Tian, S., Han, J., Huang, R., Guo, D., Wang, J., An, K., & Wang, S. (2019) · Frontiers in Endocrinology · doi:10.3389/fendo.2019.00634 · Cited by 14
“In the present study, the positive association between the level of irisin in the plasma andmarkers of insulin resistance in T2DM patients may demonstrate an adaptive response to obesity through irisin (18).”
BackgroundAdiposity-Related Cancer and Functional Imaging of Brown Adipose Tissue
Santhanam, P., Sólnes, L. B., Hannukainen, J. C., & Taïeb, D. (2015) · Endocrine Practice · doi:10.4158/ep15870.ra · Cited by 15
Gene Location, Expression, and Function of FNDC5 in Meishan Pigs
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Serum irisin: A prognostic marker for severe acne vulgaris
Mustafa, A. I., & El-Shimi, O. S. (2018) · Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology · doi:10.1111/jocd.12753 · Cited by 14
Inflammation in human adipose tissues–Shades of gray, rather than white and brown
Rakotoarivelo, V., Variya, B. C., Ilangumaran, S., Langlois, M., & Ramanathan, S. (2018) · Cytokine & Growth Factor Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.cytogfr.2018.10.001 · Cited by 14
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Irisin—A Pancreatic Islet Hormone
Norman, D., Drott, C., Carlsson, P., & Espes, D. (2022) · Biomedicines · doi:10.3390/biomedicines10020258 · Cited by 12
Orioli, L., & Thissen, J. (2025) · Frontiers in Endocrinology · doi:10.3389/fendo.2025.1554617 · Cited by 17
Innate immunity orchestrates adipose tissue homeostasis
Lin, Y.-W., & Wei, L. (2017) · Hormone Molecular Biology and Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1515/hmbci-2017-0013 · Cited by 13
“For example, irisin, stimulated by PGC-1α, can be secreted from muscle to facilitate WAT browning by acting on beige preadipocytes [15], [17], [18], [19].”
BackgroundMst1/2 Is Necessary for Satellite Cell Differentiation to Promote Muscle Regeneration
Yang, J., Wang, K., An, Y., Wu, R., Li, J., Wang, H., & Dong, Y. (2021) · Stem Cells · doi:10.1093/stmcls/sxab010 · Cited by 13
Cosio, P. L., Peláez, M., Cadefau, J. A., & Farrán-Codina, A. (2022) · Biological Research For Nursing · doi:10.1177/10998004221142580 · Cited by 13
“Since BMI does not distinguish body composition, both fat mass (Stengel et al., 2013) and fat-free mass (Huh et al., 2012; Moreno-Navarrete et al., 2013; Stengel et al., 2013) has also been correlated with basal irisin levels.”
BackgroundInfluentialBerezin, A. A., Obradovic, A. B., Fushtey, I. M., Berezina, T. A., Lichtenauer, M., & Berezin, A. E. (2023) · Journal of Cardiovascular Development and Disease · doi:10.3390/jcdd10040136 · Cited by 13
Effects of delivery on maternal & neonatal irisin levels in normal and preeclamptic pregnant women
Foda, A. A., & Foda, E. A. (2017) · Pregnancy Hypertension · doi:10.1016/j.preghy.2017.10.003 · Cited by 13
Irisin Maternal Plasma and Cord Blood Levels in Mothers with Spontaneous Preterm and Term Delivery
Pavlová, T., Zlámal, F., Tomandl, J., Hodická, Z., Gulati, S., & Vašků, J. B. (2018) · Disease Markers · doi:10.1155/2018/7628957 · Cited by 13
“Negative correlations with anthropometric parameters (BMI, fat mass percentage, and waist to hip ratio) and decreased irisin level among obese subjects compared to lean participants have also been established [37].”
BackgroundAssociation of Irisin Circulating Level with Diabetic Retinopathy: A Case-Control Study
Tarboush, N. A., Yaghi, N. E. A., Ejeilat, L. H. A., Wahed, R. K. A., & Jeris, I. N. (2018) · Experimental and Clinical Endocrinology & Diabetes · doi:10.1055/a-0723-3749 · Cited by 13
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“Because irisin is also regarded a messenger within the muscle–fat–bone–brain axis [32], it may be involved in OSA pathogenesis, which is characterized by dysfunctional metabolism and chronic neuromuscular Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; NC, neck circumference; WC, waist circumference; HC, hip circumference; FPG,…”
BackgroundInfluentialAkyüz, A. (2021) · Northern Clinics of Istanbul · doi:10.14744/nci.2021.73669 · Cited by 13
Irisin Concentrations as a Myocardial Biomarker
Aydın, S., & Aydın, S. (2016) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-94-007-7678-4_3 · Cited by 13
“Circulating irisin is significantly lower in long-term type 2 diabetic patients compared with nondiabetic controls (Moreno-Navarrete et al. 2013; Alis et al. 2014; Choi et al. 2013; Liu et al. 2013; Xiang et al. 2014; Kurdiova et al. 2014), and the lower serum irisin is also found in type 2 diabetic patients compared…”
BackgroundIrisin is more strongly predicted by muscle oxidative potential than adiposity in non-diabetic men
Huth, C., Dubois, M.-J., Marette, A., Tremblay, A., Weisnagel, S. J., Lacaille, M., Mauriège, P., & Joanisse, D. R. (2015) · Journal of Physiology and Biochemistry · doi:10.1007/s13105-015-0402-3 · Cited by 11
“extracellular portion of the type I membrane protein fibronectin type III domain containing [protein] 5 (FNDC5) [5], which appears to be produced by different tissues including skeletal muscle [5, 10, 35] and adipose tissue [1, 19, 26].”
BackgroundLu, C., Li, Z., Yang, J., Feng, L., Wang, C., & Shi, Q. (2019) · Journal of Clinical Densitometry · doi:10.1016/j.jocd.2019.05.002 · Cited by 12
Никанорова, А. А., Алексеевич, Б. Н., Пшенникова, В. Г., Gotovtsev, N. N., Romanov, G. P., Solovyev, A. V., Семеновна, К. С., Sazonov, N. N., & Федорова, С. А. (2022) · Genes · doi:10.3390/genes13091612 · Cited by 13
Lim, J. Y., & Kim, E. (2023) · Metabolites · doi:10.3390/metabo13090979 · Cited by 13
Circulating Irisin Levels Are Not Affected by Coffee Intake: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Peter, P. R., Park, K., Huh, J. Y., Wedick, N. M., & Mantzoros, C. S. (2014) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0094463 · Cited by 12
“Thus far, three crosssectional studies in humans have demonstrated that irisin levels are lower in patients with type II diabetes, suggesting irisin could play a protective role in glucose homeostasis [4,6,7].”
BackgroundIrisin, leptin and adiponectin levels are reduced significantly during fasting
Alzoughool, F., Hourani, H. M. A., Atoum, M. F. M., Abdelgader, R., & Alanagreh, L. (2019) · Mediterranean Journal of Nutrition and Metabolism · doi:10.3233/mnm-190322 · Cited by 12
Guennec, D. L., & Rossary, A. (2020) · Cytokine & Growth Factor Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.cytogfr.2020.02.001 · Cited by 12
Sun, N., Chen, Y., Fan, Y., Chang, J., Gao, X., Zhao, Y., Sun, H., Wang, Z., Gu, X., Tian, J., et al. (2020) · Internal and Emergency Medicine · doi:10.1007/s11739-020-02467-0 · Cited by 12
Modulation of adipose tissue thermogenesis as a method for increasing energy expenditure
Sammons, M. F., & Price, D. A. (2013) · Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters · doi:10.1016/j.bmcl.2013.12.016 · Cited by 12
The effect of high protein diet and exercise on irisin, eNOS, and iNOS expressions in kidney
Taştekin, E., Palabıyık, O., Uluçam, E., Uzgur, S., Karaca, A., Vardar, S. A., Yilmaz, A., & Aydoĝdu, N. (2016) · Renal Failure · doi:10.1080/0886022x.2016.1194163 · Cited by 12
Liu, R., Shi, L., Peng, N., Zhang, Q., & Li, H. (2019) · Diabetes Therapy · doi:10.1007/s13300-019-0588-4 · Cited by 11
Delgado, A. S. H., Roffe-Vazquez, D. N., Ceron, E. L., González-Gil, A. M., Fikentscher, A. C., Villarreal-Calderón, J. R., Enriquez, C., de la Peña-Almaguer, E., Castillo, E. C., Silva‐Platas, C., et al. (2022) · Magnetic Resonance Imaging · doi:10.1016/j.mri.2022.07.006 · Cited by 11
Martínez‐Fernández, L., Burgos, M., Sáinź, N., Laiglesia, L. M., Arbonés-Mainar, J. M., González‐Muniesa, P., & Moreno-Aliaga, M. J. (2023) · Biomolecules · doi:10.3390/biom13060919 · Cited by 11
“Contrariwise, other investigations reported no differences [64,65] or even a fall in WAT Fndc5 expression [66].”
BackgroundNeira, G., Hernández‐Pardos, A. W., Becerril, S., Ramírez, B., Valentí, V., Moncada, R., Catalán, V., Gómez‐Ambrosi, J., Burrell, M. A., Silva, C., et al. (2024) · Obesity · doi:10.1002/oby.24132 · Cited by 11
“In addition to being a myokine, FNDC5/irisin also constitutes an adipokine that modulates adipocyte metabolism [18 – 20].”
InfluentialBriana, D. D., Boutsikou, M., Athanasopoulos, N., Marmarinos, A., Gourgiotis, D., & Malamitsi‐Puchner, A. (2016) · The Journal of Maternal-Fetal & Neonatal Medicine · doi:10.3109/14767058.2015.1137283 · Cited by 11
“Irisin levels positively correlated with BMI in most studies [7,10,15], although some reports demonstrated a null [22] or a negative correlation [18], proposing that it may not be obesity per se, but the metabolic status that is reflected by the associations of BMI with irisin [10].”
BackgroundLeung, W. K. C., Yu, A. P., Lai, C. W. K., & Siu, P. M. (2018) · Journal of Diabetes Research · doi:10.1155/2018/8956509 · Cited by 13
Irisin mediates beiging of adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells through binding to TRPC3
Xue, C., Li, X., Ba, L., Shen, Y., Sun, Z., Gu, J., Yang, Y., Han, Q., & Zhao, R. C. (2022) · BMC Biology · doi:10.1186/s12915-022-01287-2 · Cited by 11
Contribution of organokines in the development of NAFLD/NASH associated hepatocellular carcinoma
Vachher, M., Bansal, S., Kumar, B., Yadav, S., Arora, T. K., Wali, N. M., & Burman, A. (2022) · Journal of Cellular Biochemistry · doi:10.1002/jcb.30252 · Cited by 11
Possible Mechanisms Linking Obesity, Steroidogenesis, and Skeletal Muscle Dysfunction
Sheptulina, A. F., Antyukh, K. Y., Kiselev, A. R., Mitkovskaya, N. P., & Drapkina, O. M. (2023) · Life · doi:10.3390/life13061415 · Cited by 11
Li, Y., Li, X., Sun, D., & Cai, S. (2016) · Journal of Clinical Laboratory Analysis · doi:10.1002/jcla.22077 · Cited by 12
Haddad, H. E. E., Sedrak, H. K., Naguib, M., Yousief, E. M., Ibrahim, D. R., Samie, R. M. A., & Hamdy, A. (2019) · International Journal of Diabetes in Developing Countries · doi:10.1007/s13410-019-00717-2 · Cited by 11
Impacts of rat hindlimb Fndc5/irisin overexpression on muscle and adipose tissue metabolism
Farrash, W. F., Brook, M. S., Crossland, H., Phillips, B. E., Cegielski, J., Wilkinson, D. J., Constantin‐Teodosiu, D., Greenhaff, P. L., Smith, K., Cleasby, M. E., et al. (2020) · American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism · doi:10.1152/ajpendo.00034.2020 · Cited by 13
Zhang, Q., Zhang, S., Zhang, L., Zhang, D., & Yang, L. (2021) · Clinical & Experimental Immunology · doi:10.1111/cei.13656 · Cited by 10
“is decreased in obese and type 2 diabetes subjects [16].”
BackgroundWu, S., Hassan, F., Luo, Y., Fatima, I., Ahmed, I., Ihsan, A., Safdar, W., Liu, Q., & Rehman, S. U. (2021) · Biology · doi:10.3390/biology10111207 · Cited by 11
“Irisin is mainly secreted from subcutaneous, visceral adipose tissue and skeletal muscles [20,21], but a recent study also reported its presence in other tissues including the spleen, liver, brain, stomach, and testis [22].”
BackgroundSerum irisin is a novel biomarker for bladder cancer detection
Taken, K., Aslan, R., Eryılmaz, R., Hakan, H., Huyut, Z., & Dönmez, M. İ. (2021) · International Urology and Nephrology · doi:10.1007/s11255-021-03074-4 · Cited by 11
“Therefore, irisin can be regarded as a hormone with both myokine and adipokine properties [3].”
BackgroundYılmaz, H., Çakmak, M., Darçın, T., İnan, O., Şahiner, E. S., Demir, C., Aktaş, A., Bilgiç, M. A., & Akçay, A. (2016) · Renal Failure · doi:10.3109/0886022x.2016.1172918 · Cited by 11
Meneck, F. D., de Souza, L. V., Brioschi, M. L., & Franco, M. D. C. (2021) · Journal of Thermal Biology · doi:10.1016/j.jtherbio.2021.103010 · Cited by 10
Cytokines and regulation of glucose and lipid metabolism in the obesity
Scherbakov, V. I., Александровна, С. Г., Ryabichenko, T. I., & Обухова, О. О. (2022) · Obesity and metabolism · doi:10.14341/omet12863 · Cited by 10
Khajebishak, Y., Faghfouri, A. H., Soleimani, A., Peyrovi, S., & Payahoo, L. (2023) · Journal of the ASEAN Federation of Endocrine Societies · doi:10.15605/jafes.038.01.13 · Cited by 12
Metadata
- Authors
- Moreno-Navarrete, J. M., Ortega, F., Serrano, M., Guerra, E., Pardo, G., Tinahones, F., Ricart, W., & Fernández-Real, J. M.
- Affiliations
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Nutrition (J.M.M.-N., F.O., M.S., E.G., G.P., W.R., J.M.-F.-R.), Hospital Dr. Josep Trueta de Girona, Spain, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Girona, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn) (CB06/03/010), and Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 17007 Girona, Spain, Department of Endocrinology and Nu
- Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ES)
- Venue
- The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism
- Publisher
- The Endocrine Society
- Published
- 2013-04-01
- Volume
- 98
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- E769-E778
- ISSN
- 0021-972X (ISSN-L)
- 1945-7197
- OpenAlex
- W2046500896
- Cited by
- 788
- References
- 23
- Citations by year
- 2026: 23 · 2025: 29 · 2024: 39 · 2023: 46 · 2022: 84 · 2021: 63 · 2020: 78 · 2019: 62 · 2018: 62 · 2017: 63 · 2016: 63 · 2015: 75 · 2014: 67 · 2013: 34
- FWCI
- 58.02
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- RISalud Institutional Health Repository of Andalucía (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Adipokines, Inflammation, and Metabolic Diseases
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology (medical) › Adipose Tissue and Metabolism
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors
- Keywords
- irisin, FNDC5, obesity, insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes, brown adipose tissue, adipose tissue browning, skeletal muscle, UCP1, PGC-1α, adipocytes, mitochondrial genes, macrophage markers, FSP27, retinoblastoma 1
- MeSH terms
- Adipose Tissue, Adult, Aged, Animals, Cells, Cultured, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Female, Fibronectins, Humans, Insulin Resistance, Male, Middle Aged, Obesity, Gene Expression, Muscle, Skeletal, 3T3-L1 Cells, Mice, Genetic Association Studies
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