Evidence of primary aldosteronism in a predominantly female cohort of normotensive individuals: a very high odds ratio for progression into arterial hypertension
Abstract
CONTEXT: Primary aldosteronism (PA) is an established cause of hypertension, whereas high-normal serum aldosterone levels have been linked to an increased risk for hypertension. OBJECTIVE: We aimed to define the post-fludrocortisone-dexamethasone suppression test (FDST) normal cutoff values of aldosterone and the aldosterone to renin ratio and evaluate the presence of PA in normotensive individuals. DESIGN: This study was designed as a case-control study. SETTING: The study was performed in a tertiary general hospital. PATIENTS: One hundred normotensive participants (80 females), mean age 53 years, were studied. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: All participants underwent baseline biochemical and hormonal evaluation, FDST, and adrenal computerized tomography. Blood pressure was assessed at baseline and after 5 years. RESULTS: Sixty-nine participants with normal adrenal computerized tomography who remained normotensive after 5 years were used as a control population to calculate the cutoff values of adequate aldosterone suppression. PA was defined as a combination of post-FDST aldosterone to renin ratio of 0.93 ng/dL · μU/mL or greater (100% sensitivity and 96% specificity) and post-FDST aldosterone of 2.96 ng/dL or greater (100% sensitivity and 61% specificity on receiver-operating characteristic analysis). Thirteen of 100 participants had PA at baseline and 11 (85%) developed hypertension, whereas only 20 of 87 without PA (23%) developed hypertension at 5 years [odds ratio (OR) 18.42, 95% confidence intervals (CI) 3.76-90.10, P < .0001]. Logistic regression analysis showed a positive relation of PA [odds ratio (OR) 16.30, confidence interval (CI) 1.78-150.30, P = .01] and a negative relation of serum potassium (OR 0.39, CI 0.19-0.79, P = .01) with the development of hypertension. CONCLUSIONS: Normotensive PA represents a clinical entity referring to normotensive individuals with PA who are at increased risk for hypertension.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
A few publications have reported normotensive PA in AI; most of these patients demonstrated occasional hypokalemia.
“A few publications have reported normotensive PA in AI; however, most of these patients demonstrated occasional hypokalemia (8,272-274).”
From Adrenal incidentaloma (2020) · cites this paper as [272]
Cites
Funder, J. W., Carey, R. M., Fardella, C., Gomez-Sanchez, C. E., Mantero, F., Stowasser, M., Young, W. F., & Montori, V. M. (2008) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jc.2008-0104 · Cited by 1,554 · see citing works
Primary aldosteronism: renaissance of a syndrome
Young, W. F. (2007) · Clinical Endocrinology · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2265.2007.02775.x · Cited by 680 · see citing works
Serum Aldosterone and the Incidence of Hypertension in Nonhypertensive Persons
Vasan, R. S., Evans, J. C., Larson, M. G., Wilson, P. W. F., Meigs, J. B., Rifai, N., Benjamin, E. J., & Levy, D. A. (2004) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa033263 · Cited by 573 · see citing works
Renal Damage in Primary Aldosteronism: Results of the PAPY Study
Rossi, G. P., Bernini, G., Desideri, G., Fabris, B., Ferri, C., Giacchetti, G., Letizia, C., Maccario, M., Mannelli, M., Matterello, M.-J., et al. (2006) · Hypertension · doi:10.1161/01.hyp.0000230444.01215.6a · Cited by 470 · see citing works
Acute and chronic regulation of aldosterone production
Hattangady, N. G., Olala, L. O., Bollag, W. B., & Rainey, W. E. (2012) · Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.mce.2011.07.034 · Cited by 347 · see citing works
Aldosterone: effects on the kidney and cardiovascular system
Briet, M. B., & Schiffrin, E. L. (2010) · Nature Reviews Nephrology · doi:10.1038/nrneph.2010.30 · Cited by 337 · see citing works
Stowasser, M., Gordon, R. D., Gunasekera, T. G., Cowley, D., Ward, G., Archibald, C., & Smithers, B. M. (2003) · Journal of Hypertension · doi:10.1097/00004872-200311000-00025 · Cited by 277 · see citing works
Excess ldosterone Is Associated With Alterations of Myocardial Texture in Primary Aldosteronism
Rossi, G. P., Bello, V. D., Ganzaroli, C., Sacchetto, A., Cesari, M., BERTINI, A., Giorgi, D., Scognamiglio, R., Mariani, M., & Pessina, A. C. (2002) · Hypertension · doi:10.1161/01.hyp.0000023182.68420.eb · Cited by 233 · see citing works
Primary aldosteronism: cardiovascular, renal and metabolic implications
Rossi, G. P., Sechi, L. A., Giacchetti, G., Ronconi, V., Strazzullo, P., & Funder, J. W. (2008) · Trends in Endocrinology and Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.tem.2008.01.006 · Cited by 204 · see citing works
Comparison of Confirmatory Tests for the Diagnosis of Primary Aldosteronism
Mulatero, P., Milan, A., Fallo, F., Regolisti, G., Pizzolo, F., Fardella, C., Mosso, L. M., Marafetti, L., Veglio, F., & Maccario, M. (2006) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jc.2006-0078 · Cited by 194 · see citing works
Gilbert, K. C., & Brown, N. J. (2010) · Current Opinion in Endocrinology Diabetes and Obesity · doi:10.1097/med.0b013e3283391989 · Cited by 161 · see citing works
Cardiovascular complications in patients with primary aldosteronism
Nishimura, M., Uzu, T., Fujii, T., Kuroda, S., Nakamura, S., Inenaga, T., & Kimura, G. (1999) · American Journal of Kidney Diseases · doi:10.1016/s0272-6386(99)70298-2 · Cited by 160 · see citing works
Mulatero, P., Veglio, F., Pilon, C., Rabbia, F., Zocchi, C., Limone, P. P., Boscaro, M., Sonino, N., & Fallo, F. (1998) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jcem.83.7.4946 · Cited by 126 · see citing works
NICE hypertension guideline 2011: evidence based evolution
McManus, R. J., Caulfield, M. J., & Williams, B. (2012) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.e181 · Cited by 118 · see citing works
Normocalcemic primary hyperparathyroidism
Bilezikian, J. P., & Silverberg, S. J. (2010) · Arquivos Brasileiros de Endocrinologia & Metabologia · doi:10.1590/s0004-27302010000200004 · Cited by 111 · see citing works
The Role of Aldosterone in the Metabolic Syndrome
Briet, M. B., & Schiffrin, E. L. (2011) · Current Hypertension Reports · doi:10.1007/s11906-011-0182-2 · Cited by 93 · see citing works
High prevalence of autonomous cortisol and aldosterone secretion from adrenal adenomas
Piaditis, G. P., Kaltsas, G., Androulakis, I. I., Gouli, A., Makras, P., Papadogias, D., Dimitriou, K., Ragkou, D., Markou, Α., Vamvakidis, K., et al. (2009) · Clinical Endocrinology · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2265.2009.03551.x · Cited by 87 · see citing works
Self-citationTucci, J. R., Espiner, E. A., Jagger, P. I., PAUK, G. L., & Lauler, D. P. (1967) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jcem-27-4-568 · Cited by 82 · see citing works
Prevalence of primary aldosteronism among prehypertensive and stage 1 hypertensive subjects
Ito, Y., Takeda, R., Karashima, S., Yamamoto, Y., Yoneda, T., & Takeda, Y. (2010) · Hypertension Research · doi:10.1038/hr.2010.166 · Cited by 80 · see citing works
High prevalence of autonomous aldosterone secretion among patients with essential hypertension
Gouli, A., Kaltsas, G., Τζώνου, Α., Markou, Α., Androulakis, I. I., Ragkou, D., Vamvakidis, K., Zografos, G., Kontogeorgos, G., Chrousos, G. P., et al. (2011) · European Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2362.2011.02531.x · Cited by 71 · see citing works
Self-citationAldosterone and Cardiovascular Disease
Gaddam, K. K., Pimenta, E., Husain, S., & Calhoun, D. A. (2009) · Current Problems in Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.cpcardiol.2008.10.002 · Cited by 69 · see citing works
Marques, T. F., de Vasconcelos, R. S., Diniz, E. T., Rêgo, D. F., Griz, L., & Bandeira, F. A. F. (2011) · Arquivos Brasileiros de Endocrinologia & Metabologia · doi:10.1590/s0004-27302011000500003 · Cited by 68 · see citing works
Elliott, W. J. (2009) · Yearbook of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/s0145-4145(08)79419-x · Cited by 62 · see citing works
Schlaich, M. P., Schobel, H. P., Hilgers, K. F., & Schmieder, R. E. (2000) · The American Journal of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/s0002-9149(00)00728-1 · Cited by 59 · see citing works
Aldosterone: A risk factor for vascular disease
Neves, M. F., & Schiffrin, E. L. (2003) · Current Hypertension Reports · doi:10.1007/s11906-003-0012-2 · Cited by 55 · see citing works
Aldosterone and cardiovascular disease
Carey, R. M. (2010) · Current Opinion in Endocrinology Diabetes and Obesity · doi:10.1097/med.0b013e3283390fa4 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
Médeau, V., Moreau, F., Trinquart, L., Clemessy, M., Wémeau, J., Vantyghem, M. C., Plouin, P., & Reznik, Y. (2008) · Clinical Endocrinology · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2265.2008.03213.x · Cited by 47 · see citing works
Hyperaldosteronism from adrenal carcinoma.
Brooks, R. V., Felix-Davies, D. D., Lee, M. R., & Robertson, P. W. (1972) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.1.5794.220 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Left ventricular systolic function in primary aldosteronism and hypertension
Rossi, G. P., Sacchetto, A., Pavan, E., Scognamiglio, R., Pietra, M., & Pessina, C. C. (1998) · Journal of Hypertension · doi:10.1097/00004872-199816121-00032 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Mineralocorticoid Actions in the Brain and Hypertension
Huang, B. S., & Leenen, F. H. H. (2011) · Current Hypertension Reports · doi:10.1007/s11906-011-0192-0 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Renal damage in primary aldosteronism: Results of the PAPY study
Tuck, M. L., & Corry, D. B. (2007) · Current Hypertension Reports · doi:10.1007/s11906-007-0016-4 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
THE STIMULATION OF ALDOSTERONE SECRETION BY ADRENOCORTICOTROPIC HORMONE (ACTH)*
Crabbé, J., Reddy, W. J., Ross, E. J., & Thorn, G. W. (1959) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jcem-19-10-1185 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
A summary of the new phenomenon of normocalcemic hyperparathyroidism and appropriate management
Carneiro-Pla, D. M., & Solórzano, C. C. (2011) · Current Opinion in Oncology · doi:10.1097/cco.0b013e32834c2fb9 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Excess aldosterone is associated with alterations of myocardial texture in primary aldosteronism.
Rossi, G. P., CESARI, M., PESSINA, A. C., BELLO, D., V, Ganzaroli, C., Sacchetto, A., A, B., Giorgi, D., R, S., & M, M. (2002) · Padua Research Archive (University of Padova) · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Παππά, Θ., Papanastasiou, L., Kaltsas, G., Markou, Α., Tsounas, P., Androulakis, I. I., Tsiavos, V., Zografos, G., Vamvakidis, K., Samara, C., et al. (2012) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jc.2011-2874 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Self-citationHigh prevalence of autonomous cortisol and aldosterone secretion from adrenal adenomas
SCHTEINGART, D. E. (2010) · Yearbook of Endocrinology · doi:10.1016/s0084-3741(10)79561-5 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Παππά, Θ., Papanastasiou, L., Kaltsas, G., Markou, Α., Tsounas, P., Tsiavos, V., Dasou, A., Tsiama, V., Zografos, G., & Piaditis, G. P. (2012) · 15th International & 14th European Congress of Endocrinology · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Self-citation
Flagged first, then by citations
3 of the 41 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Hundemer, G. L., Curhan, G. C., Yozamp, N., Wang, M., & Vaidya, A. (2018) · The Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology · doi:10.1016/s2213-8587(17)30367-4 · Cited by 677 · see citing works
The Unrecognized Prevalence of Primary Aldosteronism
Brown, J. M., Siddiqui, M., Calhoun, D. A., Carey, R. M., Hopkins, P. N., Williams, G. H., & Vaidya, A. (2020) · Annals of Internal Medicine · doi:10.7326/m20-0065 · Cited by 657 · see citing works
Sherlock, M., Scarsbrook, A., Abbas, A., Fraser, S., Limumpornpetch, P., Dineen, R., & Stewart, P. M. (2020) · Endocrine Reviews · doi:10.1210/endrev/bnaa008 · Cited by 347 · see citing works
“A few publications have reported normotensive PA in AI; however, most of these patients demonstrated occasional hypokalemia (8,272-274).”
Vaidya, A., Mulatero, P., Baudrand, R. F., & Adler, G. K. (2018) · Endocrine Reviews · doi:10.1210/er.2018-00139 · Cited by 311 · see citing works
Renal Outcomes in Medically and Surgically Treated Primary Aldosteronism
Hundemer, G. L., Curhan, G. C., Yozamp, N. S., Wang, M., & Vaidya, A. (2018) · Hypertension · doi:10.1161/hypertensionaha.118.11568 · Cited by 245 · see citing works
The Spectrum of Subclinical Primary Aldosteronism and Incident Hypertension: A Cohort Study
Brown, J. M., Robinson-Cohen, C., Luque-Fernandez, M. A., Allison, M. A., Baudrand, R., Ix, J. H., Kestenbaum, B., de Boer, I. H., & Vaidya, A. (2017) · Annals of Internal Medicine · doi:10.7326/m17-0882 · Cited by 221 · see citing works
Continuum of Renin-Independent Aldosteronism in Normotension
Baudrand, R. F., Guarda, F. J., Fardella, C., Hundemer, G. L., Brown, J. M., Williams, G. H., & Vaidya, A. (2017) · Hypertension · doi:10.1161/hypertensionaha.116.08952 · Cited by 205 · see citing works
Primary aldosteronism — a multidimensional syndrome
Turcu, A. F., Yang, J., & Vaidya, A. (2022) · Nature Reviews Endocrinology · doi:10.1038/s41574-022-00730-2 · Cited by 196 · see citing works
Age-Related Autonomous Aldosteronism
Nanba, K., Vaidya, A., Williams, G. H., Zheng, I., Else, T., & Rainey, W. E. (2017) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/circulationaha.117.028201 · Cited by 192 · see citing works
Aldosterone and Mineralocorticoid Receptors—Physiology and Pathophysiology
Funder, J. W. (2017) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms18051032 · Cited by 158 · see citing works
Evolution of the Primary Aldosteronism Syndrome: Updating the Approach
Vaidya, A., & Carey, R. M. (2020) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/clinem/dgaa606 · Cited by 143 · see citing works
Primary Aldosteronism: State-of-the-Art Review
Vaidya, A., Hundemer, G. L., Nanba, K., Parksook, W. W., & Brown, J. M. (2022) · American Journal of Hypertension · doi:10.1093/ajh/hpac079 · Cited by 135 · see citing works
Intraindividual Variability of Aldosterone Concentrations in Primary Aldosteronism
Yozamp, N. S., Hundemer, G. L., Moussa, M., Underhill, J., Fudim, T., Sacks, B. A., & Vaidya, A. (2020) · Hypertension · doi:10.1161/hypertensionaha.120.16429 · Cited by 112 · see citing works
Role of ACTH and Other Hormones in the Regulation of Aldosterone Production in Primary Aldosteronism
Ghorayeb, N. E., Bourdeau, I., & Lacroix, A. (2016) · Frontiers in Endocrinology · doi:10.3389/fendo.2016.00072 · Cited by 109 · see citing works
Markou, Α., Sertedaki, A., Kaltsas, G., Androulakis, I. I., Marakaki, C., Παππά, Θ., Gouli, A., Papanastasiou, L., Fountoulakis, S., Zacharoulis, A., et al. (2015) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jc.2015-1268 · Cited by 104 · see citing works
Self-citationPiaditis, G. P., Markou, Α., Papanastasiou, L., Androulakis, I. I., & Kaltsas, G. (2014) · European Journal of Endocrinology · doi:10.1530/eje-14-0537 · Cited by 101 · see citing works
Self-citationSubclinical Primary Aldosteronism and Cardiovascular Health: A Population-Based Cohort Study
Hundemer, G. L., Agharazii, M., Madore, F., Vaidya, A., Brown, J. M., Leung, A. A. C., Kline, G. A., Larose, É., Piché, M., Crean, A. M., et al. (2023) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/circulationaha.123.066389 · Cited by 98 · see citing works
Performance of the Aldosterone to Renin Ratio as a Screening Test for Primary Aldosteronism
Hung, A., Ahmed, S., Gupta, A., Davis, A., Kline, G. A., Leung, A. A. C., Ruzicka, M., Hiremath, S. S., & Hundemer, G. L. (2021) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/clinem/dgab348 · Cited by 74 · see citing works
Aging and Adrenal Aldosterone Production
Nanba, K., Vaidya, A., & Rainey, W. E. (2017) · Hypertension · doi:10.1161/hypertensionaha.117.10391 · Cited by 66 · see citing works
Diagnostic approach to low‐renin hypertension
Monticone, S., Losano, I., Tetti, M., Buffolo, F., Veglio, F., & Mulatero, P. (2018) · Clinical Endocrinology · doi:10.1111/cen.13741 · Cited by 66 · see citing works
The Low-Renin Hypertension Phenotype: Genetics and the Role of the Mineralocorticoid Receptor
Baudrand, R. F., & Vaidya, A. (2018) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms19020546 · Cited by 64 · see citing works
Aberrant G-protein coupled hormone receptor in adrenal diseases
St‐Jean, M., Ghorayeb, N. E., Bourdeau, I., & Lacroix, A. (2018) · Best Practice & Research Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.beem.2018.01.003 · Cited by 58 · see citing works
Primary Aldosteronism Diagnosis and Management
Hundemer, G. L., & Vaidya, A. (2019) · Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/j.ecl.2019.08.002 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
Hypokalemia and the Prevalence of Primary Aldosteronism
Gruber, S., & Beuschlein, F. (2020) · Hormone and Metabolic Research · doi:10.1055/a-1134-4980 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
Variability of Aldosterone Measurements During Adrenal Venous Sampling for Primary Aldosteronism
Yozamp, N. S., Hundemer, G. L., Moussa, M., Underhill, J., Fudim, T., Sacks, B. A., & Vaidya, A. (2020) · American Journal of Hypertension · doi:10.1093/ajh/hpaa151 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
Characterizing the Origins of Primary Aldosteronism
Brown, J. M., Honzel, B., Tsai, L. C., Milks, J., Neibuhr, Y., Newman, A. J., Cherney, M. D., Stouffer, D. G., Auchus, R. J., & Vaidya, A. (2024) · Hypertension · doi:10.1161/hypertensionaha.124.24153 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Goupil, R., Desbiens, L., Merabtine, A., Agharazii, M., Madore, F., Vaidya, A., Leung, A. A. C., Kline, G. A., Shaw, J. L. V., Ramsay, T., et al. (2025) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/circulationaha.124.073507 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Primary Aldosteronism: Cardiovascular Outcomes Pre- and Post-treatment
Hundemer, G. L. (2019) · Current Cardiology Reports · doi:10.1007/s11886-019-1185-x · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Tsiavos, V., Markou, Α., Papanastasiou, L., Kounadi, T., Androulakis, I. I., Voulgaris, N., Zachaki, A., Kassi, E. N., Kaltsas, G., Chrousos, G. P., et al. (2016) · European Journal of Endocrinology · doi:10.1530/eje-16-0003 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Self-citationThe spectrum of low-renin hypertension
Buffolo, F., Monticone, S., Pecori, A., Pieroni, J., Losano, I., Cavaglià, G., Tetti, M., Veglio, F., & Mulatero, P. (2020) · Best Practice & Research Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.beem.2020.101399 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Karashima, S., Kometani, M., Tsujiguchi, H., Asakura, H., Nakano, S., Usukura, M., Mori, S., Ohe, M., Sawamura, T., Okuda, R., et al. (2017) · Clinical and Experimental Hypertension · doi:10.1080/10641963.2017.1339072 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Murakami, M., Naruse, M., Kobayashi, H. H., Parasiliti‐Caprino, M., Bioletto, F., Brüdgam, D., Stüfchen, I., Reincke, M., St‐Jean, M., Kraljević, I., et al. (2025) · European Journal of Endocrinology · doi:10.1093/ejendo/lvaf117 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Self-citationHow common is primary aldosteronism?
Hundemer, G. L., Kline, G. A., & Leung, A. A. C. (2021) · Current Opinion in Nephrology & Hypertension · doi:10.1097/mnh.0000000000000702 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Rossi, G. P., & Funder, J. W. (2017) · Hypertension · doi:10.1161/hypertensionaha.117.09295 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Primary Aldosteronism: The Next Five Years
Funder, J. W. (2017) · Hormone and Metabolic Research · doi:10.1055/s-0043-119802 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
The prevalence of primary aldosteronism and evolving approaches for treatment
Yozamp, N. S., & Vaidya, A. (2019) · Current Opinion in Endocrine and Metabolic Research · doi:10.1016/j.coemr.2019.07.001 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Primary aldosteronism in hypertensive patients: clinical implications and target therapy
Papanastasiou, L., Markou, Α., Παππά, Θ., Gouli, A., Tsounas, P., Fountoulakis, S., Kounadi, T., Tsiama, V., Dasou, A., Gryparis, A., et al. (2014) · European Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1111/eci.12286 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Self-citationUpdate on Low-Renin Hypertension: Current Understanding and Future Direction
Shah, S. S., Fuller, P. J., Young, M. J., & Yang, J. (2024) · Hypertension · doi:10.1161/hypertensionaha.124.23385 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
An Individualized Approach to The Evaluation and Management of Primary Aldosteronism
Vaidya, A., Malchoff, C. D., & Auchus, R. J. (2017) · Endocrine Practice · doi:10.4158/ep161717.ra · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Vecchiola, A., Fuentes, C., Barros, E., Martínez‐Aguayo, A., García, H., Allende, F. A., Solari, S., Olmos, R. I., Carvajal, C. A., Tapia-Castillo, A., et al. (2019) · American Journal of Hypertension · doi:10.1093/ajh/hpz023 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Yang, J., Gwini, S. M., Beilin, L. J., Schlaich, M. P., Stowasser, M., Young, M. J., Fuller, P. J., & Mori, T. A. (2021) · Hypertension · doi:10.1161/hypertensionaha.121.17336 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Castro, M. A., Ruiz-Sánchez, J. G., Ramírez, P. A. P., Rojas‐Marcos, P. M., Aguilera-Saborido, A., Cerezo, J. F. G., Lazareno, N. L., Quesada, M. E. T., Ramos, J. G., Oriola, J., et al. (2024) · Endocrine · doi:10.1007/s12020-024-03751-1 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Luo, Q., Li, N., Wang, M., Yao, X., Heizhati, M., Zhang, D., Zhou, K., Wang, G., Hu, J., & Zhu, B. (2019) · Journal of Human Hypertension · doi:10.1038/s41371-019-0291-y · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Primary aldosteronism in the primary care setting
Buffolo, F., Monticone, S., Tetti, M., & Mulatero, P. (2018) · Current Opinion in Endocrinology Diabetes and Obesity · doi:10.1097/med.0000000000000408 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Spironolactone in cardiovascular disease: an expanding universe?
Funder, J. W. (2017) · F1000Research · doi:10.12688/f1000research.11887.1 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Salle, S. P., Brown, J. M., Mahrokhian, S., Hanna, I., Honzel, B., Tsai, L. C., Newman, A. J., Wang, T. J., & Vaidya, A. (2025) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/clinem/dgaf129 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Pathophysiology of bilateral hyperaldosteronism
Nanba, K., & Rainey, W. E. (2022) · Current Opinion in Endocrinology Diabetes and Obesity · doi:10.1097/med.0000000000000729 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Prevalence of primary aldosteronism among patients with type 2 diabetes
Tancredi, M., Johannsson, G., Eliasson, B., Eggertsen, R., Lindblad, U., Dahlqvist, S., Imberg, H., & Lind, M. (2017) · Clinical Endocrinology · doi:10.1111/cen.13370 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Subclinical Primary Aldosteronism
Adlin, E. V. (2017) · Annals of Internal Medicine · doi:10.7326/m17-2237 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Primary Hyperaldosteronism: When to Suspect It and How to Confirm Its Diagnosis
Ruiz-Sánchez, J. G., Pazos, M., Meneses, D., & Rünkle, I. (2022) · Endocrines · doi:10.3390/endocrines3010003 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Primary aldosteronism associated with a germline variant in CACNA1H
Wulczyn, K. E., Perez‐Reyes, E., Nussbaum, R. L., & Park, M. (2019) · BMJ Case Reports · doi:10.1136/bcr-2018-229031 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Unravelling the Genetic Basis of Primary Aldosteronism
Mourtzi, N., Sertedaki, A., Markou, Α., Piaditis, G. P., & Charmandari, E. (2021) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu13030875 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Self-citationPrimary Aldosteronism: a Continuum from Normotension to Hypertension
Wannachalee, T., & Turcu, A. F. (2021) · Current Cardiology Reports · doi:10.1007/s11886-021-01538-8 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Yan, Y., Sun, H., & Qi, Y. (2022) · Journal of Clinical Hypertension · doi:10.1111/jch.14395 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Castro, M. A., Corrales, E. P., Rojas, P. M., & Ramírez, P. A. P. (2023) · Endocrine · doi:10.1007/s12020-023-03573-7 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Pastén, V., Tapia-Castillo, A., Fardella, C., Leiva, A., & Carvajal, C. A. (2021) · Endocrine · doi:10.1007/s12020-021-02938-0 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Kmieć, P., & Sworczak, K. (2021) · Experimental and Clinical Endocrinology & Diabetes · doi:10.1055/a-1556-7784 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
A Normotensive Patient with Primary Aldosteronism
Lin, X., Miao, X., Zhu, P., & Lin, F. Y. (2017) · Case Reports in Endocrinology · doi:10.1155/2017/5159382 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Clinical Characteristics and Long-Term Outcome of Primary Aldosteronism in a Norwegian Population
Grytaas, M. A., Strømsøy, S., Rørvik, J. T., Arnes, J. B., Heie, A., Arnesen, T., Jørstad, M. D., Nedrebø, B. G., Jøssang, D. E., Jensen, D., et al. (2017) · Hormone and Metabolic Research · doi:10.1055/s-0043-118909 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Lin, J., Li, Y., Huang, Z., Zhu, Y., Li, L., Yang, H., Liang, X., Qin, Y., Zhou, J., Xian, J., et al. (2024) · BMC Endocrine Disorders · doi:10.1186/s12902-024-01645-x · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Primary Aldosteronism Prevalence – An Unfolding Story
Charoensri, S., & Turcu, A. F. (2023) · Experimental and Clinical Endocrinology & Diabetes · doi:10.1055/a-2066-2696 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Kokko, E., Nevalainen, P. I., Choudhary, M. K., Koskela, J., Tikkakoski, A., Huhtala, H., Niemelä, O. J., Viukari, M., Mustonen, J. T., Matikainen, N., et al. (2020) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-020-76718-7 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Normotensive presentation in primary aldosteronism: A report of two cases
Jia, M., Yu, H., Liu, Z., He, M., Zhong, S., Xu, X. N., & Song, X. (2021) · Journal of the Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System · doi:10.1177/14703203211003780 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Aldosterone-to-renin ratio and blood pressure in young adults from the general population
Aeschbacher, S., Mongiat, M., Bernasconi, R., Blum, S., Meyre, P. B., Krisai, P., Ceylan, S., Risch, M., Risch, L., & Conen, D. (2020) · American Heart Journal · doi:10.1016/j.ahj.2019.11.022 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Xu, J., Yang, Y., Ling, Y., Lu, Z., Gao, X., Li, X., & Li, X. (2020) · International Journal of Endocrinology · doi:10.1155/2020/2639813 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Lewandowski, K. C., Tadros-Zins, M., Horzelski, W., Grzesiak, M., & Lewiñski, A. (2022) · Experimental and Clinical Endocrinology & Diabetes · doi:10.1055/a-1467-2161 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Scholl, U. I. (2021) · Der Internist · doi:10.1007/s00108-021-00972-8 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Effect of Age on Aldosterone–Renin Ratio in Screening Primary Aldosteronism
Peng, N., Zhang, Z., Xiao, Y., Ye, Q., Liu, G., Zhen, M., Zheng, Y., Luo, M., & Jiang, T. (2025) · Journal of Clinical Hypertension · doi:10.1111/jch.70014 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Rethinking Primary Aldosteronism: The 2025 John H. Laragh Research Award
Hundemer, G. L., Leung, A. A. C., & Kline, G. A. (2025) · American Journal of Hypertension · doi:10.1093/ajh/hpaf156 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Recent Development toward the Next Clinical Practice of Primary Aldosteronism: A Literature Review
Tezuka, Y., Yamazaki, Y., Nakamura, Y., Sasano, H., & Satoh, F. (2021) · Biomedicines · doi:10.3390/biomedicines9030310 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
The Spectrum of Subclinical Primary Aldosteronism and Incident Hypertension
Brown, J. M., & Vaidya, A. (2018) · Annals of Internal Medicine · doi:10.7326/l18-0027 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Screening for primary aldosteronism in 1,181 Swedish primary care patients with hypertension
Makhnov, N., Skov, J., Åkerström, T., Axling, F., Andernord, D., Bergenheim, M., Waldén, M., & Hellman, P. (2025) · Frontiers in Endocrinology · doi:10.3389/fendo.2025.1555572 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Five Reasons for the Failure to Diagnose Aldosterone Excess in Hypertension
Piaditis, G. P., Kaltsas, G., Markou, Α., & Chrousos, G. P. (2020) · Hormone and Metabolic Research · doi:10.1055/a-1236-4869 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Self-citationLamba, R. (2023) · Journal of Clinical Hypertension · doi:10.1111/jch.14740 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
The Evolution of Primary Aldosteronism and the Role of NorrinPreprint
Salle, S. P., Heydarpour, M., Tsai, C., Brown, J. M., Newman, A. J., Mahrokhian, S., Hanna, I., Honzel, B., Tsai, L. C., Waikar, S. S., et al. (2025) · medRxiv · doi:10.1101/2025.06.05.25329066 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
A Retrospective Study on the Impact of Primary Aldosteronism in Pregnancy (H.A.P.P.I. Study Group)
Oprea, D., Lefrançois, F., St‐Jean, M., Côté, A., Roy‐Lacroix, M., Malick, M., Mallet, P., & Sauvé, N. (2025) · Clinical Endocrinology · doi:10.1111/cen.70051 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Clinical manifestations of primary aldosteronism and cardiometabolic risk
Corrales, E. P., Ruiz-Cánovas, J. M., & Peña, M. M. P. (2025) · Vitamins and hormones · doi:10.1016/bs.vh.2025.08.002 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Salt intake in mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist-treated primary aldosteronism: foe or ally?
Fountoulakis, S., Papanastasiou, L., Voulgaris, N., Kounadi, T., Markou, Α., Chrousos, G. P., & Piaditis, G. P. (2019) · HORMONES · doi:10.1007/s42000-019-00167-9 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Self-citationObata, Y., Takayama, K., Maruo, Y., Yamaguchi, H., Fujii, K., Hata, S., Togawa, Y., Sanda, A., Kosugi, M., Hazama, Y., et al. (2022) · Journal of the Endocrine Society · doi:10.1210/jendso/bvac009 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Effects of Altered Calcium Metabolism on Cardiac Parameters in Primary Aldosteronism
Lim, J. S., Hong, N., Park, S., Park, S. I., Oh, Y. T., Yu, M. H., Lim, P. Y., & Rhee, Y. (2018) · Endocrinology and Metabolism · doi:10.3803/enm.2018.33.4.485 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Primary Aldosteronism or Not Primary Aldosteronism
Freel, E. M. (2017) · Hypertension · doi:10.1161/hypertensionaha.117.09050 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Parksook, W. W., & Williams, G. H. (2023) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-323-88369-6.00023-2 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Prevalence of primary aldosteronism and screening indications
Ruiz-Sanchez, J. G. (2025) · Vitamins and hormones · doi:10.1016/bs.vh.2025.08.001 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Tissue corticosteroid rhythms are dysregulated predominantly during sleep in primary aldosteronism
Grytaas, M. A., Upton, T. J., Marinelli, I., Methlie, P., Øksnes, M., Vassiliadi, D. A., Bensing, S., Russell, G. M., Løvås, K., Margaritopoulos, D., et al. (2026) · Science Translational Medicine · doi:10.1126/scitranslmed.aeb7517 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Enfermedades de la secreción de aldosterona
Guevara, M. I., Escandon, L. L., & Tinoco, C. L. (2020) · Medicine - Programa de Formación Médica Continuada Acreditado · doi:10.1016/j.med.2020.10.012 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Surgical treatment outcome of primary aldosteronism assessed using new modified diagnostic tests
Alexandraki, K., Markou, Α., Papanastasiou, L., Tyfoxylou, E., Kapsali, C., Gravvanis, C., Katsiveli, P., Kaltsas, G., Zografos, G. N., Chrousos, G. P., et al. (2021) · HORMONES · doi:10.1007/s42000-021-00280-8 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Self-citationSubclinical Primary Aldosteronism and Cardiometabolic Disorders
Adlin, E. V. (2019) · American Journal of Hypertension · doi:10.1093/ajh/hpz031 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Surgical Management of Primary Aldosteronism
Miller, B. S. (2024) · Surgical Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/j.suc.2024.02.013 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Home measurement of 24-hour corticosteroid dynamics in primary aldosteronismPreprint
Grytaas, M. A., Upton, T. J., Marinelli, I., Methlie, P., Øksnes, M., Vassiliadi, D. A., Bensing, S., Russell, G. M., Løvås, K., Margaritopoulos, D., et al. (2025) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-6095171/v1 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
SHIDLOVSKYI, V. O., Shidlovskyi, O. V., Sheremet, M. I., Sheremet, N. A., Tkachuk, N. P., Maksymyuk, V. V., Tarabanchuk, V. V., GYRLA, Y. V., & Bilookyi, O. V. (2019) · Romanian Journal of Medical Practice · doi:10.37897/rjmp.2019.4.4
The Unrecognized Prevalence of Primary Aldosteronism
Piaditis, G. P., Kaltsas, G., Markou, Α., & Chrousos, G. P. (2020) · Annals of Internal Medicine · doi:10.7326/l20-1096
Self-citationPrimary aldosteronism – the expanding spectrum of unsolved practical issues
Łebek-Szatańska, A., & Papierska, L. (2020) · Wiedza Medyczna · doi:10.36553/wm.53
New clinical opportunities for mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists: focus on antifibrotic effects
Dragomiretskaya, N. A., Tarzimanova, A. I., Kucherova, Y. A., & Podzolkov, V. I. (2021) · Terapevticheskii arkhiv · doi:10.26442/00403660.2021.09.201016
Hyperaldosteronism: types, clinical characteristics, and treatment
Alsyamy, A. M., Kashkari, A. T., Alazdi, F. A., Dalati, A. T., Alawadi, M., Hawari, E. S., Nassar, M. M., Hennawi, M. M. I. A., Alaslani, H. H., Albayshi, A. A., et al. (2021) · International Journal of Community Medicine and Public Health · doi:10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20214792
Matfin, G. (2018) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9781119374800.part6
Aldosterone and Renin Concentration Abnormally Elevated in a Cohort of Normotensive Pregnant WomenPreprint
Pastén, V., Tapia-Castillo, A., Fardella, C., Leiva, A., & Carvajal, C. A. (2021) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-595582/v1
Primary aldosteronism without hypertension: A case report and review of the literaturePreprint
Dimitrov, Y., Ott, J., Beguin, L., & Muller, B. (2022) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-2273269/v1
Bingöl, G., Özmen, E., Özden, Ö., Arsoy, L. B., Uzun, Y. E., Nasıfov, M., & Hatipoğlu, E. (2023) · Istanbul Medical Journal · doi:10.4274/imj.galenos.2022.22309
Primary Hyperaldosteronism in a Normotensive Patient: A Case Report
Ghanooni, A. H., Jahromi, M. K., & Hosseinpanah, F. (2023) · Intern J Endocrinol Metab · doi:10.5812/ijem-138703
Patterns of aldosterone, renin level and aldosterone/renin ratio in young hypertensive patients
Saha, S. K., Moni, T. T., & Kadir, M. R. (2024) · International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences · doi:10.18203/2320-6012.ijrms20240827
- Authors
- Markou, A., Pappa, T., Kaltsas, G., Gouli, A., Mitsakis, K., Tsounas, P., Prevoli, A., Tsiavos, V., Papanastasiou, L., Zografos, G., Chrousos, G. P., & Piaditis, G. P.
- Affiliations
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes Center (A.M., T.P., A.G., K.M., P.T., A.P., V.T., L.P., G.P.P.), 11527 Athens, Greece
- General Hospital of Athens G. Genimatas (GR)
- Third Department of Surgery (G.Z.), 11527 Athens, Greece
- National and Kapodistrian University of Athens (GR)
- Venue
- The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism
- Publisher
- The Endocrine Society
- Published
- 2013-04-01
- Volume
- 98
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 1409-1416
- ISSN
- 0021-972X (ISSN-L)
- 1945-7197
- OpenAlex
- W2007085386
- Cited by
- 112
- References
- 41
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 14 · 2024: 10 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 8 · 2021: 14 · 2020: 15 · 2019: 9 · 2018: 9 · 2017: 16 · 2016: 2 · 2015: 1 · 2014: 2
- FWCI
- 1.31
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Hormonal Regulation and Hypertension
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Renin-Angiotensin System Studies
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Adrenal Hormones and Disorders
- Keywords
- primary aldosteronism, normotensive subjects, hypertension progression, aldosterone-renin ratio, serum aldosterone, cut-off values, serum potassium, adrenal imaging, women
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Aged, Aldosterone, Blood Pressure, Dexamethasone, Diagnostic Techniques, Endocrine, Female, Fludrocortisone, Humans, Hyperaldosteronism, Hypertension, Male, Middle Aged, Sex Ratio, Cohort Studies, Odds Ratio, Case-Control Studies, Disease Progression
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
