Hypothyroidism and Its Association With Sleep Apnea Among Adults in the United States: NHANES 2007-2008
Open accessAbstract
Context: The association between hypothyroidism and sleep apnea (SA) has been studied, but results are conflicting and based mostly on small studies. Objective: To determine whether there is a positive association between hypothyroidism and SA in the US population. Design: Cross-sectional study. Setting: US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2007–2008. Participants: We included all subjects ≥18 years old who met inclusion criteria. Participants not on antithyroid medication with a TSH >5.6 mIU/L and those on thyroid hormone replacement regardless of TSH were categorized as hypothyroid. Participants not on thyroid hormone replacement or antithyroid medication who had a TSH ≥0.34 and ≤5.6 mIU/L were categorized as euthyroid. The diagnosis of SA was based on participants’ response when asked whether they had been diagnosed with SA by their doctors. Main Outcome Measures: Multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to determine the association between hypothyroidism and SA. Results: A total of 5515 adults were included for data analysis. The prevalence of hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism was calculated at 9.47% and 1.19%, respectively. Multivariate logistic regression analysis adjusted for demographics, health care access, body mass index, socioeconomic factors, alcohol use, smoking, and other comorbidities demonstrated a significant association between hypothyroidism and SA (OR = 1.88, 95% CI, 1.24 to 2.84, P < 0.01). Conclusion: Hypothyroidism is associated with SA after adjustment for potential confounding variables.
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Thavaraputta et al. used multivariate logistic regression to show a significant association between hypothyroidism and OSA after adjusting for demographic characteristics, health care access, body mass index, alcohol use, smoking, and other comorbidities.
“Thavaraputta et al. (12) used a multivariate logistic regression analysis to show a significant association between hypothyroidism and OSA after adjusting for demographic characteristics, health care access, body mass index, alcohol use, smoking, and other comorbidities that are common among patients with OSA and hypothyroidism.”
From Thyroid Dysfunction and Sleep Disorders (2021) · cites this paper as [12]
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- Authors
- Thavaraputta, S., Dennis, J. A., Laoveeravat, P., Nugent, K., & Rivas, A. M.
- Affiliations
- Texas Tech University (US)
- Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center (US)
- Corresponding author
- Thavaraputta, Subhanudh
- Venue
- The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism
- Publisher
- The Endocrine Society
- Published
- 2019-07-15
- Volume
- 104
- Issue
- 11
- Pages
- 4990-4997
- ISSN
- 0021-972X (ISSN-L)
- 1945-7197
- OpenAlex
- W2960439365
- Cited by
- 54
- References
- 38
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 8 · 2024: 10 · 2023: 10 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 7 · 2020: 6 · 2019: 3
- FWCI
- 4.48
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Thyroid Disorders and Treatments
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Obstructive Sleep Apnea Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Surgery › Thyroid and Parathyroid Surgery
- Keywords
- hypothyroidism, sleep apnea, thyroid hormone replacement, thyroid-stimulating hormone, hyperthyroidism, prevalence, comorbidities, adults
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Alcohol Drinking, Cross-Sectional Studies, Female, Health Services Accessibility, Humans, Hypothyroidism, Male, Middle Aged, Sleep Apnea Syndromes, Smoking, Socioeconomic Factors, Antithyroid Agents, Thyroid Hormones, Thyrotropin, United States, Body Mass Index, Prevalence, Hormone Replacement Therapy, Young Adult
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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