The DOI matches its Crossref record; 22 of the 22 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Plasma Oxytocin Concentrations in Men, Nonpregnant Women, and Pregnant Women before and during Spontaneous Labor*
Abstract
Baseline plasma oxytocin (OT) concentrations were measured in 25 healthy men, 102 nonpregnant women, and 59 pregnant women from 15-42 weeks gestation. In addition, plasma OT levels were measured at the onset, peak, and immediately after a single uterine contraction in 6 women in the latent phase and 14 women in the active phases of labor, as well as in 19 women at initial presentation of the fetal head on the perineum (+3 station) and 11 women at the time of delivery of the head during a normal vaginal delivery. Baseline plasma OT concentrations did not vary significantly among men (1.5 +/- 0.2 microunits/ml), nonpregnant women (1.4 +/- 0.2 microunits/ml), or pregnant women before labor (1.3 +/- 0.1 microunits/ml) and did not differ in an additional subgroup of 20 women receiving oral contraceptive medication (1.8 +/- 0.7 microunits/ml). In studies conducted during labor, plasma OT concentrations did not correlate with uterine pressure measurements and did not increase significantly over baseline pregnancy concentrations during the latent (1.3 +/- 0.2 microunits/ml) or active (1.6 +/- 0.2 microunits/ml) phases of labor. There was a significant increase in plasma OT levels from the time of initial visualization of the fetal head to the time of delivery of the head (1.1 +/- 0.1 to 4.2 +/- 1.1 microunits/ml, respectively; P less than 0.05). These data support the view that maternal plasma OT levels remain low during pregnancy until late in the second stage of labor.
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“Fortunately, enzymatic degradation of oxytocin is a problem only when measuring in plasma from pregnant women 54, and extraction procedures can remove such enzymes efficiently.”
From Measuring Oxytocin and Vasopressin: Bioassays, Immunoassays and Random Numbers (2016) · cites this paper as [54]
Citations
Cites
Robertson, G. L., Mahr, E. A., Athar, S., & Sinha, T. (1973) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci107423 · Cited by 787
Oxytocin Receptors: Triggers for Parturition and Lactation?
Soloff, M. S., Alexandrová, M., & Fernström, M. J. (1979) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.221972 · Cited by 394
Release of Oxytocin and Vasopressin by the Human Foetus during Labour
Chard, T., Hudson, C. N., Edwards, C. R. W., & Boyd, N. R. H. (1971) · Nature · doi:10.1038/234352a0 · Cited by 224
CHARD, T., BOYD, N. R. H., FORSLING, M. L., McNEILLY, A. S., & LANDON, J. (1970) · Journal of Endocrinology · doi:10.1677/joe.0.0480223 · Cited by 140
Weitzman, R. E., GLATZ, T. H., & Fisher, D. A. (1978) · Endocrinology · doi:10.1210/endo-103-6-2154 · Cited by 130
Self-citationOxytocin in Maternal Circulation and Amniotic Fluid during Pregnancy*
Dawood, M. Y., Ylikorkala, O., & Trivedi, D. B. (1979) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jcem-49-3-429 · Cited by 127
Fabian, M., Forsling, M. L., Jones, J. J., & Pryor, J. S. (1969) · The Journal of Physiology · doi:10.1113/jphysiol.1969.sp008937 · Cited by 107
Plasma oxytocin levels during human pregnancy and labor as determined by radioimmunoassay
Kumaresan, P., Anandarangam, P. B., Dianzon, W., & Vasicka, A. (1974) · American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology · doi:10.1016/0002-9378(74)90037-4 · Cited by 99
Gibbens, G. L. D., & Chard, T. (1976) · American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology · doi:10.1016/0002-9378(76)90283-0 · Cited by 89
DAWOOD, M. Y., RAGHAVAN, K. S., & POCIASK, C. (1978) · Journal of Endocrinology · doi:10.1677/joe.0.0760261 · Cited by 83
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 101–158 of 158
Truedsson, M., Carlson, J. A., Simrén, M., & Ohlsson, B. (2009) · BMC Gastroenterology · doi:10.1186/1471-230x-9-90 · Cited by 11
“Females have higher levels of oxytocin and estradiol than men [34], and IBS is more common in females than in men [35].”
BackgroundMaternal-Fetal Neurohypophyseal System
Fisher, D. A. (1983) · Clinics in Perinatology · doi:10.1016/s0095-5108(18)30959-x · Cited by 11
Self-citationClassical and non-classical islet peptides in the control of β-cell function
Khan, D., Moffett, R. C., Flatt, P. R., & Tarasov, A. I. (2021) · Peptides · doi:10.1016/j.peptides.2021.170715 · Cited by 10
Cheerful tails: Delving into positive emotional contagion
Brosnan, A., & Knapska, E. (2024) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2024.105674 · Cited by 11
Ayres, A. W., Carr, D. W., McConnell, D. S., Lieberman, R. W., & Smith, G. D. (2003) · Journal of the Society for Gynecologic Investigation · doi:10.1016/s1071-5576(03)00136-9 · Cited by 10
Valiquette, G. (1987) · Neurologic Clinics · doi:10.1016/s0733-8619(18)30928-9 · Cited by 10
Thornton, S., Charlton, L., Murray, B. J., Davison, J. M., & Baylis, P. H. (1993) · BJOG An International Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology · doi:10.1111/j.1471-0528.1993.tb15266.x · Cited by 10
Oxytocin receptor is a promising therapeutic target of malignant mesothelioma
Kodama, Y., Tanaka, I., Sato, T., Hori, K., Gen, S., Morise, M., Matsubara, D., Sato, M., Sekido, Y., & Hashimoto, N. (2021) · Cancer Science · doi:10.1111/cas.15025 · Cited by 9
The Oxytocin Product Correlates with Total Oxytocin Received during Labor: A Research Methods Study
Lewis, L. S., Manuck, T. A., Allen, T. K., James, A., Seco, A., Deneux‐Tharaux, C., & Grotegut, C. A. (2017) · American Journal of Perinatology · doi:10.1055/s-0037-1606119 · Cited by 9
“Similarly, women in the Duke cohort received significantly greater total dose of oxytocin (median [IQR]) than women in the Pithagore6 cohort (3,535 [1,194, 9,822] vs.”
BackgroundIntrapartum oxytocin: time to focus on longer term consequences?
Monks, D. T., & Palanisamy, A. (2019) · Anaesthesia · doi:10.1111/anae.14746 · Cited by 9
“Although plasma level of oxytocin is poorly correlated with uterine contractility during augmentation of labour [14], we posit that this may not be applicable in the setting of haemorrhage prophylaxis.”
BackgroundMesiano, S. A., DeFranco, E., & Muglia, L. J. (2014) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-397175-3.00042-9 · Cited by 9
Oxytocin in human intrauterine tissues at parturition
Mauri, A., Argiolas, A., Ticconi, C., & Piccione, E. (1995) · Reproduction Fertility and Development · doi:10.1071/rd9951481 · Cited by 9
Majima, M., Adachi, K., Ohno, T., Ogino, M., Saito, M., Kizuki, K., Katsumata, O., Yamashina, S., & Katori, M. (1996) · The Japanese Journal of Pharmacology · doi:10.1254/jjp.71.11 · Cited by 8
Onset and forces of term labor
Ulmsten, U. (1997) · Acta Obstetricia Et Gynecologica Scandinavica · doi:10.3109/00016349709024574 · Cited by 8
Tina, A. D., Juang, J., McElrath, T. F., Baty, J., & Palanisamy, A. (2019) · American Journal of Perinatology Reports · doi:10.1055/s-0039-1692196 · Cited by 7
Infant Stimulation Induced a Rapid Increase in Maternal Salivary Oxytocin
Minami, K., Yuhi, T., Higashida, H., Yokoyama, S., Tsuji, T., & Tsuji, C. (2022) · Brain Sciences · doi:10.3390/brainsci12091246 · Cited by 7
“In a previous report, the level of plasma OT during the first term is rather stable, and a significant increase was observed during the birth of the fetal head [48].”
BackgroundEndocrine Changes in Pregnancy
Berga, S. L., Nitsche, J. F., & Braunstein, G. D. (2016) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-323-29738-7.00021-6 · Cited by 7
Oxytocin Inhibits T-Type Calcium Current of Human Decidual Stromal Cells
Liu, B., Hill, S. J., & Khan, R. N. (2005) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jc.2005-0480 · Cited by 7
“This would also explain the lack of raised serum OT levels before the onset of labor (27).”
BackgroundAmico, J. A., DOLL, R. B., Finn, F. M., Ervin, G., Leake, R. D., Fisher, D. A., & ROBINSON, A. G. (1985) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jcem-60-4-644 · Cited by 6
Self-citationThe central oxytocinergic system of the prairie vole
Ramos, E., Jiron, G. M., Danoff, J. S., Anderson, Z., Carter, C. S., Perkeybile, A. M., Connelly, J. J., & Erişir, A. (2024) · Brain Structure and Function · doi:10.1007/s00429-024-02832-1 · Cited by 4
“For example, during labor, there is a pulsatile release of OXT into the periphery in amounts much higher than seen pre-pregnancy (Leake et al. 1981).”
BackgroundWater balance during parturition and early puerperium: A prospective open trial
Risberg, A., Sjöquist, M., Wedenberg, K., Olsson, U., & Larsson, A. (2015) · Clinical Biochemistry · doi:10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2015.06.012 · Cited by 5
Liu, C., Li, Y., Li, L., Shui, S., Yang, L., Sui, C., & Zhang, H. (2020) · F&S Science · doi:10.1016/j.xfss.2020.10.004 · Cited by 4
Gamliel, M., Anderson, K. L., Ebstein, R. P., Yirmiya, N., & Mankuta, D. (2015) · The Journal of Maternal-Fetal & Neonatal Medicine · doi:10.3109/14767058.2015.1101446 · Cited by 4
“These upregulated OXTR levels in the decidua during the active part of labor were not found to be correlated with Oxt levels in maternal circulation, perhaps reflected only in the expulsive stage [27].”
BackgroundWolf, M. F., Sgayer, I., Asslan, A., Palzur, E., Shnaider, O., & Bornstein, J. (2021) · Reproductive Sciences · doi:10.1007/s43032-021-00667-3 · Cited by 4
The physiological basis for administration of oxytocin antagonists in preterm labour.
Thornton, S., & Smith, S. K. (1995) · Europe PMC (PubMed Central) · Cited by 4
Oxytocin in the Initiation of Labor
Leake, R. D. (1990) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4613-0575-0_11 · Cited by 4
Self-citationAnukriti, K., Guleria, K., Tyagi, V., Suneja, A., & Banerjee, B. D. (2021) · Clinical and Experimental Obstetrics & Gynecology · doi:10.31083/j.ceog.2021.02.2267 · Cited by 3
Impact of Pregnancy On Normal Pituitary Function
Morris, L. F., & Braunstein, G. D. (2001) · Endocrine updates · doi:10.1007/978-1-4615-1435-0_1 · Cited by 3
Chapter 24 Oxytocin in parturition of guinea pigs, humans, and other species
Schellenberg, J. (2002) · Progress in brain research · doi:10.1016/s0079-6123(02)39026-5 · Cited by 3
Sharma, P., Ahluwalia, R., Bozkurt, I. E., Topkiran, U. C., Dickens, A., Valimukhametova, A. R., Agbaglo, D. A., Brannon, J., Janesko, B. G., Strzhemechny, Y. M., et al. (2026) · ACS Applied Nano Materials · doi:10.1021/acsanm.5c05629 · Cited by 2
La construction des liens familiaux pendant la première enfance
Schaal, B., & Mallet, P. (1995) · Presses Universitaires de France eBooks · doi:10.3917/puf.robin.1995.01.0045 · Cited by 2
Physiologie des mütterlichen Organismus und Erkrankungen in der Schwangerschaft
Franz, M. B., Kainer, F., & Husslein, P. W. (2015) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-662-44369-9_21-1 · Cited by 2
A Luminescent Label for the Immunoassay of Oxytocin
Lequin, R. M., Moss, R. J., & Nispen, J. W. V. (1986) · Journal of Immunoassay · doi:10.1080/01971528608060464 · Cited by 2
Bird, N. (2003) · Psychosomatics · doi:10.1176/appi.psy.44.1.84 · Cited by 2
Castellanos-Villegas, A. E., Hernández-García, J. D., & Vázquez-Martínez, E. R. (2023) · Perinatología y Reproducción Humana · doi:10.24875/per.22000013 · Cited by 1
Tsang, Y. P., Wang, K., Kelly, E. J., Mao, Q., & Unadkat, J. D. (2026) · Metabolites · doi:10.3390/metabo16050292 · Cited by 1
Sayyah-Melli, M., Alizadeh, M., & Noubar, M. R. (2006) · Intern J Endocrinol Metab · Cited by 1
Profile of maternal serum oxytocin in postpartum and non-pregnant rats
Tjokroprawiro, B. A., Akbar, M. I. A., Luqman, E. M., & Widijati, W. (2023) · Veterinarska stanica · doi:10.46419/vs.54.6.8 · Cited by 1
“Leake et al. (1981) first reported that oxytocin concentrations were found in the plasma of non-pregnant women (1.4 ± 0.2 µU/ mL).”
InfluentialPhysiologie des mütterlichen Organismus
Franz, M., Kainer, F., Husslein, P. W., & Girard, T. (2024) · Springer Reference Medizin · doi:10.1007/978-3-662-63506-3_21 · Cited by 1
Enhanced osteoclastogenesis in women after natural delivery
Patano, N., Marinaccio, M., Vimercati, A., Camerino, C., Mancini, L., Selvaggi, L. E., & Zallone, A. Z. (2005) · Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications · doi:10.1016/j.bbrc.2005.06.126 · Cited by 1
Jones, R. E., & Lopez, K. H. (2013) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-382184-3.00011-8 · Cited by 1
Endocrine disease in pregnancy
Nelson, C., & Germain, S. (2011) · doi:10.1093/med/9780199235292.003.0936 · Cited by 1
Role and regulation of the Oxytocin/Oxytocin receptor system in human amnion and labour
Terzidou V, S. L. (2009) · doi:10.25560/25051
Hormonal Changes Preceding Parturition
Pasqualini, J. R., & Kincl, F. A. (1985) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-08-019708-1.50009-x
Trukhin, A. N., Song, C. H., Choi, B. C., Pak, S. C., Mehendale, R., & Flouret, G. R. (2002) · Gynecological Endocrinology · doi:10.1080/713603054
REVIEW Sex, parturition and motherhood without oxytocin?
Russell, J. A., & Leng, G. (2015)
Physiologie des mütterlichen Organismus und Erkrankungen in der Schwangerschaft
Franz, M. B., Kainer, F., & Husslein, P. W. (2016) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-662-45064-2_21
Jones, R. E., & Lopez, K. H. (2006) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-08-050836-8.50015-9
high risk妊娠におけるNipple Stimulation CSTの有用性と血中oxytocin濃度の変動の検討
由幸, 伊., 清水, 卓., 川口, 周., 西村, 吉., 欣也, 井., & 安藤, 暢. (1988) · 産婦人科の進歩 · doi:10.11437/sanpunosinpo1949.40.465
Arduini, D., & Bosi, C. (2017) · L Endocrinologo · doi:10.1007/s40619-017-0332-0
“Per garantire la quiescenza dell’utero, i livelli di ossitocina rimangono molto bassi durante tutto il corso della gravidanza, grazie all’azione inibitoria del P, e aumentano solo al raggiungimento della completa dilatazione cervicale [10], grazie all’azione stimolante degli estrogeni.”
BackgroundMaternal overweight and obesity : impact on obstetric outcomes in adolescents and oxytocin in labor
Isgren, A. R. (2021) · Linköping University medical dissertations · doi:10.3384/diss.diva-173147
Other Disorders of the Pituitary and Hypothalamus in Pregnancy
Carroll, P., Karavitaki, N., & Lithgow, K. C. (2022) · doi:10.1093/med/9780198870197.003.0176
Oxytocin Dosing and Maternal-Fetal Effects Using a Pharmacokinetic Model
Liu, X. I. (2023) · The Journal of Medical Research · doi:10.31254/jmr.2023.9205
Physiologie des mütterlichen Organismus
Franz, M., Kainer, F., Husslein, P. W., & Girard, T. (2023) · Springer Reference Medizin · doi:10.1007/978-3-662-44369-9_21-2
СУЧАСНІ УЯВЛЕННЯ ПРО ФІЗІОЛОГІЧНІ МЕХАНІЗМИ ГУМОРАЛЬНОЇ РЕГУЛЯЦІЇ ПОЛОГОВОГО ПРОЦЕСУ
Виноградова-Аник, О. О., & Шуляк, В. Д. (2024) · Medicina ta farmacìâ: osvìtnì diskursi. · doi:10.32782/eddiscourses/2024-1-11
Maintenance of Pregnancy and Parturition
Phung, J., Paul, M., Smith, R., & Paúl, J. (2025) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-443-23940-3.00048-x
Physiology of the Maternal Organism
Franz, M., Kainer, F., Husslein, P., & Girard, T. (2026) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-662-70578-0_28
Metadata
- Authors
- LEAKE, R. D., WEITZMAN, R. E., GLATZ, T. H., & FISHER, D. A.
- Affiliations
- University of California, Los Angeles (US)
- Venue
- The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism
- Publisher
- The Endocrine Society
- Published
- 1981-10
- Volume
- 53
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 730-733
- ISSN
- 0021-972X (ISSN-L)
- 1945-7197
- OpenAlex
- W1964255419
- Cited by
- 158
- References
- 22
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 8 · 2020: 3 · 2019: 5 · 2017: 4 · 2016: 4 · 2015: 8 · 2014: 4 · 2013: 3 · 2012: 1
- FWCI
- 8.77
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Endocrine and Autonomic Systems › Neuroendocrine regulation and behavior
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Obstetrics and Gynecology › Maternal and Perinatal Health Interventions
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Obstetrics and Gynecology › Pregnancy-related medical research
- Keywords
- plasma oxytocin, labor, pregnancy, uterine contraction, second stage of labor, latent phase of labor, active phase of labor, oral contraceptives, uterine pressure, vaginal delivery, oxytocin secretion
- MeSH terms
- Female, Humans, Labor, Obstetric, Male, Neurophysins, Oxytocin, Pregnancy, Radioimmunoassay
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
