The DOI matches its Crossref record; 44 of the 44 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
The relation of smoking, age, relative weight, and dietary intake to serum adrenal steroids, sex hormones, and sex hormone-binding globulin in middle-aged men.
Abstract
The relationships of cigarette smoking, age, relative weight, and dietary intake to serum dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS), androstenedione, cortisol, 3-alpha-androstanediol, 3-alpha-androstanediol-glucuronide, testosterone, albumin-bound testosterone, free testosterone, dihydrotestosterone (DHT), and sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) were examined cross-sectionally in 1241 randomly sampled middle-aged U.S. men. Compared with nonsmokers and independent of relative weight (body mass index) and age, cigarette smokers had increased serum levels of DHEA (18% higher, P = 0.0002), DHEAS (13% higher, P = 0.0007), cortisol (5% higher, P = 0.01), androstenedione (33% higher, P = 0.0001), testosterone (9% higher, P = 0.009), DHT (14% higher, P = 0.004), and SHBG (8% higher, P = 0.004). Androstenedione, total plasma testosterone, albumin-bound testosterone, DHT, and SHBG decreased with increasing relative weight. Age was positively associated with serum SHBG and negatively associated with albumin-bound testosterone, DHEA, and DHEAS. An association was found between alcohol intake and DHEA (r = 0.15; P = 0.0001), cortisol (r = 0.10; P = 0.0007), and 3-alpha-androstanediol-glucuronide (r = 0.08; P = 0.0004). Cortisol was the only hormone that was associated with carbohydrate intake (r = -0.09; P = 0.002). The only hormones associated with dietary lipids were DHT (for vegetable fat, r = 0.07; P = 0.02), cortisol (for total fat, r = 0.08; P = 0.007), and SHBG (for animal fat, r = -0.06; P = 0.05). In addition, SHBG was positively associated with dietary (r = 0.07; P = 0.008) and crude (r = 0.08; P = 0.007) fiber. These data suggest that serum adrenal steroid and sex hormone concentrations in middle-aged men are more influenced by cigarette smoking, age, and obesity than by dietary intake; however, serum adrenal steroids were influenced by alcohol intake.
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“In men, there are contradictory findings; some studies found levels of testosterone were similar in both smokers and nonsmokers, while other studies found levels of testosterone were higher in smokers [35, 60–62].”
From The Effect of Tobacco Smoking on Bone Mass: An Overview of Pathophysiologic Mechanisms (2018) · cites this paper as [35]
In the citing paper
“Smoking has been shown to increase cortisol level, leading to hypercortisolism [33] in chronic smokers [34, 35], though this finding has not been reported in all studies [36].”
From The Effect of Tobacco Smoking on Bone Mass: An Overview of Pathophysiologic Mechanisms (2018) · cites this paper as [35]
In the citing paper
“the majority of studies which also included SHBG levels confirmed that SHGB levels in smokers are higher, and both free and total testosterone are increased in smokers”
From Effects of Smoking Cessation on Hormonal Levels in Men (2013) · cites this paper as Field et al. 1994
In the citing paper
“The results are supported by two large cross-sectional studies, our own previous smaller study (Svartberg et al., 2003) and the study by Field et al. (1994).”
From Endogenous testosterone levels and smoking in men. The fifth Tromsø study (2007) · cites this paper as Field et al. (1994)
Citations
Cites
Reproducibility and validity of a semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire
WILLETT, W. C., SAMPSON, L., STAMPFER, M. J., ROSNER, B., BAIN, C., WITSCHI, J., HENNEKENS, C. H., & SPEIZER, F. E. (1985) · American Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a114086 · Cited by 4,274
Self-citationRE: “TOTAL ENERGY INTAKE: IMPLICATIONS FOR EPIDEMIOLOGIC ANALYSES”
Palmgren, J., & Kushi, L. H. (1991) · American Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a115841 · Cited by 2,712
Gray, A., Feldman, H. A., McKinlay, J. B., & Longcope, C. (1991) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jcem-73-5-1016 · Cited by 1,104
Self-citationTHE USE OF A SELF-ADMINISTERED QUESTIONNAIRE TO ASSESS DIET FOUR YEARS IN THE PAST
Willett, W. C., SAMPSON, L., Browne, M. L., Stampfer, M. J., ROSNER, B. A., Hennekens, C. H., & Speizer, F. E. (1988) · American Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a114780 · Cited by 801
Self-citationWestern diet and Western diseases: Some hormonal and biochemical mechanisms and associations
Adlercreutz, H. (1990) · Scandinavian Journal of Clinical and Laboratory Investigation · doi:10.1080/00365519009085798 · Cited by 761
THE EPIDEMIOLOGY OF SERUM SEX HORMONES IN POSTMENOPAUSAL WOMEN
Cauley, J. A., Gutai, J. P., Kuller, L. H., LEDONNE, D., & POWELL, J. G. (1989) · American Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a115234 · Cited by 485
Low serum testosterone and sex-hormone-binding-globulin in massively obese men
GLASS, A. R., SWERDLOFF, R. S., BRAY, G. A., DAHMS, W. T., & ATKINSON, R. L. (1977) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jcem-45-6-1211 · Cited by 430
Leydig Cell Function in Normal Men: Effect of Age, Life-Style, Residence, Diet, and Activity*
DESLYPERE, J. P., & VERMEULENf, A. (1984) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jcem-59-5-955 · Cited by 343
Effect of obesity and body fat distribution on sex hormones and insulin in men
Pasquali, R., Casimirri, F., Cantobelli, S., Melchionda, N., Labate, A. M. M., Fabbri, R., Capelli, M., & Bortoluzzi, L. (1991) · Metabolism · doi:10.1016/0026-0495(91)90199-7 · Cited by 337
Gray, A., Berlin, J. A., McKinlay, J. B., & Longcope, C. (1991) · Journal of Clinical Epidemiology · doi:10.1016/0895-4356(91)90028-8 · Cited by 315
Self-citation
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 301–400 of 421
Halpern, J. A., Fantus, R. J., Chang, C., Keeter, M. K., Helfand, B. T., Bennett, N., & Brannigan, R. E. (2020) · Andrologia · doi:10.1111/and.13542 · Cited by 6
Effects of testosterone replacement on glucose and lipid metabolism
Errazuriz, I., Dube, S., Basu, A., & Basu, R. (2015) · Cardiovascular Endocrinology · doi:10.1097/xce.0000000000000061 · Cited by 6
Water-pipe smoking and serum testosterone levels in adult males in Qatar
Haik, M. Y., Ashour, A. A., Alahmad, Y. M., Al‐Ishaq, F., Saad, M., Hussein, M., Mubarak, R. S., Mohamed, W., & Moustafa, A. A. (2019) · Tobacco Induced Diseases · doi:10.18332/tid/99572 · Cited by 6
Epidemiology of and Risk Factors for Prostate Cancer
Platz, E. A., Kantoff, P. W., & Giovannucci, E. L. (2000) · Humana Press eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-59259-714-7_2 · Cited by 6
Kwak, J., & Shin, D. (2023) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms24043758 · Cited by 6
Understanding the Religion, Mental, and Social Health Relationship
Koenig, H. G., VanderWeele, T. J., & Peteet, J. R. (2023) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780190088859.003.0016 · Cited by 7
Mukama, T., Johnson, T., Katzke, V. A., & Kaaks, R. (2022) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/clinem/dgac716 · Cited by 5
Hill, O. T., Mason, T. J., Schwartz, S. W., & Foulis, P. (2013) · BMC Urology · doi:10.1186/1471-2490-13-6 · Cited by 5
Ren, Y., Wang, B., Liu, X., Li, Z., Yuan, W., Sun, Y., & Miao, M. (2013) · International Journal of Impotence Research · doi:10.1038/ijir.2013.48 · Cited by 5
Age-related patterns of DHEAS among Turkana males of northern Kenya
Campbell, B., Leslie, P. W., & Campbell, K. L. (2007) · The Aging Male · doi:10.1080/13685530701533151 · Cited by 5
Sajid, F., & Bano, S. (2017) · Applied Psychophysiology and Biofeedback · doi:10.1007/s10484-017-9363-3 · Cited by 5
The Male Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Gonadal Axis: Pathogenic and Therapeutic Implications in Psychiatry
Seidman, S. N., & Roose, S. P. (2000) · Psychiatric Annals · doi:10.3928/0048-5713-20000201-09 · Cited by 5
Dehydroepiandrosterone Relations to Dietary and Lifestyle Variables in a General Population Sample
Trichopoulou, A., Bamia, C., Kalapothaki, V., Spanos, E., Naska, A., & Trichopoulos, D. (2003) · Annals of Nutrition and Metabolism · doi:10.1159/000070039 · Cited by 5
Allan, C. A., & McLachlan, R. I. (2010) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-1-4160-5583-9.00139-8 · Cited by 5
Temel, S., Laven, J. S. E., & Steegers‐Theunissen, R. P. M. (2008) · CRC Press eBooks · doi:10.3109/9780203092200.002 · Cited by 5
Influence of ageing and some lifestyle factors on male gonadal function: a study in Bulgaria
Kumanov, P., Tomova, A., Robeva, R. N., & Кirilov, G. (2007) · Andrologia · doi:10.1111/j.1439-0272.2007.00780.x · Cited by 5
Ritchey, J. D., Karmaus, W., Sabo‐Attwood, T., Steck, S. E., & Zhang, H. (2012) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2012-001315 · Cited by 5
Prostate cancer screening practices and cancer control research (United States)
Schottenfeld, D., & Colditz, G. A. (2002) · Cancer Causes & Control · doi:10.1023/a:1013974602771 · Cited by 5
Self-citationEffects of Smoking on Bone and Mineral Metabolism
Jesudason, D. R., & Need, A. G. (2002) · The Endocrinologist · doi:10.1097/00019616-200205000-00007 · Cited by 5
Goncharov, N. P., & Katzija, G. (1998) · The Aging Male · doi:10.3109/13685539809146108 · Cited by 4
Aboelnaga, M. M., & Elshahawy, H. A. (2016) · International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences · doi:10.18203/2320-6012.ijrms20162298 · Cited by 4
Koenig, H. G., VanderWeele, T. J., & Peteet, J. R. (2023) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780190088859.003.0014 · Cited by 4
Prolactinomas e densidade mineral óssea em homens
Naliato, E. C. O., Farias, M. L. F., & Violante, A. (2005) · Arquivos Brasileiros de Endocrinologia & Metabologia · doi:10.1590/s0004-27302005000200004 · Cited by 4
Koenig, H. G., VanderWeele, T. J., & Peteet, J. R. (2023) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780190088859.003.0002 · Cited by 5
Raging Hormones in Puberty: Do They In‡uence Adolescent Risky Behavior?
Lehrer, S., Tremblay, R. E., Vitaro, F., & Schaal, B. (2004) · Cited by 4
Nutrition, Anabolic Steroids, and Growth Hormone
Jardim, J. R., Ferreira, I. M., & Sachs, A. (1996) · Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/s1047-9651(18)30396-6 · Cited by 4
Rabijewski, M., Papierska, L., Kozakowski, J., & Zgliczyński, W. (2007) · PubMed · Cited by 3
Obasi, E. M., Tackett, J. L., Shirtcliff, E. A., & Cavanagh, L. (2016) · Journal of Black Psychology · doi:10.1177/0095798416665742 · Cited by 3
Allan, C. A., & McLachlan, R. I. (2015) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-323-18907-1.00139-6 · Cited by 4
Lietuvos sveikatos mokslų universitetas
Šeškevičius, A., Lesauskaitė, V., Blaževičienė, A., Kubilius, R., Samėnienė, J., Gudas, R., & Macijauskienė, J. (2018) · Lithuanian University of Health Sciences · Cited by 3
Androgens, Lipids, Insulin Resistance, and Cardiovascular Risk
Wild, R. A. (1996) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4613-8483-0_22 · Cited by 3
Mutagenicity and carcinogenicity
Kim, H. S., & Lee, B. M. (2011) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-382032-7.10070-0 · Cited by 3
Bahia, L., Dimetz, T., Gazolla, H. M., Clemente, E. L. S., & Gomes, M. B. (2000) · Arquivos Brasileiros de Endocrinologia & Metabologia · doi:10.1590/s0004-27302000000300009 · Cited by 2
Anastassakis, K. (2022) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-08057-9_26 · Cited by 2
Psychological Well-Being and Positive Emotions
Koenig, H. G., VanderWeele, T. J., & Peteet, J. R. (2023) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780190088859.003.0012 · Cited by 2
Corrales, P. J. P., Rubio, L. L., Rodríguez, S. A., & Meneses, M. A. L. (2009) · Endocrinología y Nutrición · doi:10.1016/s1575-0922(09)70987-8 · Cited by 2
Association between Obesity and Prostate Cancer
Yoon, C. J., Moon, K. H., & Park, T. C. (2005) · Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science · doi:10.12701/yujm.2005.22.2.199 · Cited by 2
Carlson, H. E. (2010) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-380926-1.10013-6 · Cited by 2
Stanton, A. (2012) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-1-4377-1793-8.00034-0 · Cited by 2
McCarty, M. F. (2004) · Medical Hypotheses · doi:10.1016/j.mehy.2003.12.052 · Cited by 2
Effects of Smoking on Hormones, Brain, and Behavior
Sidhartha, T., Poland, R. E., & Rao, U. (2009) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-008088783-8.00108-x · Cited by 2
Kaaks, R., & McTiernan, A. (2005) · Nutrition and disease prevention · doi:10.1201/9781420026641.sec5 · Cited by 2
Androgen Deficiency In Men With Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
Podzolkov, V. I., Ishina, T. I., & Medvedev, I. D. (2022) · Russian Open Medical Journal · doi:10.15275/rusomj.2022.0110 · Cited by 1
Koenig, H. G., VanderWeele, T. J., & Peteet, J. R. (2023) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780190088859.003.0025 · Cited by 1
Substance Use and Substance Use Disorders
Koenig, H. G., VanderWeele, T. J., & Peteet, J. R. (2023) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780190088859.003.0010 · Cited by 2
Koenig, H. G., VanderWeele, T. J., & Peteet, J. R. (2023) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780190088859.003.0015 · Cited by 1
Zhuge, Z., Zheng, K., Ji, X., Wang, X., & Zhang, X. (2025) · Frontiers in Nutrition · doi:10.3389/fnut.2025.1577823 · Cited by 1
Иванович, П. В., Medvedev, I. D., Ishina, T. I., Михайловна, К. А., Махнач, Г. К., & Васильевна, М. О. (2012) · PubMed · Cited by 1
Effect of cigarette smoking on serum α-L-fucose and its related parameters
Yaseen, N. (2014) · Zanco Journal of Medical Sciences · doi:10.15218/zjms.2014.0002 · Cited by 1
Evaluation Of Salivary Cortisol Level In Cigarette Smokers - A Case Control Study
Journal, I., Talukdar, A., Padmashree, S., & Rema, J. (2014) · Cited by 1
Physiopathologie du déficit androgénique lié à l'âge
Shakespeare, W. (2004) · Cited by 1
Sicińska-Werner, T., & Medraś, M. (2010) · Advances in Clinical and Experimental Medicine · Cited by 1
Ryu, C. H., Park, S., Yeo, J. K., & Park, M. G. (2022) · Journal of Men s Health · doi:10.31083/j.jomh1804099 · Cited by 1
Koenig, H. G., VanderWeele, T. J., & Peteet, J. R. (2023) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780190088859.003.0027 · Cited by 1
Koenig, H. G., VanderWeele, T. J., & Peteet, J. R. (2023) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780190088859.003.0008 · Cited by 2
Understanding the Religion–Physical Health Relationship
Koenig, H. G., VanderWeele, T. J., & Peteet, J. R. (2023) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780190088859.003.0031 · Cited by 1
Koenig, H. G., VanderWeele, T. J., & Peteet, J. R. (2023) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780190088859.003.0017 · Cited by 1
Tarcan, T., Özdemir, İ., Yazıcı, C. M., & İlker, Y. N. (2006) · DergiPark (Istanbul University) · Cited by 1
Interrelationship between Androgen Levels, Ageing, and Cognitive Functions
Joshi, H., & Parle, M. (2006) · Bioline International (Bioline International) · Cited by 1
Epidemiological and Occupational Studies of Metals in Male Reproductive Toxicity
Robbins, W. A. (2005) · Informa Healthcare eBooks · doi:10.1201/9781420023282.ch8 · Cited by 1
Eldin, S. B., Hussein, O. A., Elhassan, H., & Kafi, K. (2016) · Cited by 1
Public Health and Human Flourishing
Koenig, H. G., VanderWeele, T. J., & Peteet, J. R. (2023) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780190088859.003.0032 · Cited by 1
Koenig, H. G., VanderWeele, T. J., & Peteet, J. R. (2023) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780190088859.003.0006 · Cited by 1
A comprehensive assessment of distress tolerance as a predictor of early smoking lapse
Stipelman, B. A. (2008) · University Libraries (University of Maryland) · Cited by 1
Girod, J. P., & Brotman, D. J. (2003) · Journal of the American College of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/s0735-1097(03)00790-3 · Cited by 1
Lakjiri, S. (2010) · Toubkal · doi:10.83129/toubkal-16854 · Cited by 1
(2015) · Journal of Epidemiology & Community Health · doi:10.1136/jech-2013-202932corr1 · Cited by 1
(2003) · The Journal of Urology · doi:10.1016/s0022-5347(01)69359-5 · Cited by 1
Koenig, H. G., VanderWeele, T. J., & Peteet, J. R. (2023) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780190088859.002.0003 · Cited by 1
The Role of Nutrition in the Modulation of Sex Steroids
Duncan, A. M., Phipps, W. R., & Kurzer, M. S. (2004) · Principles of Gender-Specific Medicine · doi:10.1016/b978-012440905-7/50341-8
The Effect of Exercise on Cigarette Craving and Withdrawal Symptoms While Using a Nicotine Lozenge
Tritter, A. (2014) · Scholarship@Western (Western University)
Insulin resistance, genetic variation and cytokines; associations to myocardial infarction risk
Bennet, A. M. (2003) · Figshare
Correlación entre testosterona, presión sanguínea, índice de masa corporal y edad en varones jóvenes
Lauro, F., Elodia, G.-C., Cedillo, F. D., & Camacho‐Luis, A. (2009) · Revista Internacional de Andrología · doi:10.1016/s1698-031x(09)72568-3
THE AGE AT WHICH TESTOSTERONE STARTS DECREASING IN MEN NOW-A-DAYS
Rahman, U. U., Hamid, N., ., U., Ahmad, N., Safeer, M., Tariq, M., & Rehman, J. U. (2012) · Khyber Medical University Journal
Mizushima, Y., Mizuno, H., & Urata, Y. (2006) · Geriatrics and gerontology international/Geriatrics & gerontology international · doi:10.1111/j.1447-0594.2006.00314.x
Perfil androgênico em pacientes obesos graves do sexo masculino submetidos à cirurgia bariátrica
Rosenblatt, A. (2012) · Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations (Universidade de São Paulo) · doi:10.11606/t.5.2012.tde-27022013-115309
Risk of cigarette smoking on male fertility in Gaza
Jadalhaq, A. M. (2011)
Chen, H., Tsai, T., & Hwang, T. I. S. (2006) · Urological Science
Oxidized LDL lipids as a risk factor for atherosclerosis
Linna, M. S. (2014) · UTUPub (University of Turku)
Haren, M. T. (2005) · Adelaide Research & Scholarship (AR&S) (University of Adelaide)
Causas y consecuencias del hipogonadismo en varones con diabetes mellitus tipo 2
Ruiz, A. H. (2015) · Gredos (University of Salamanca) · doi:10.14201/gredos.128430
The aging process and function of endocrine glands
Kazimierczak, A., Nych, Ł., Marek, A., Borgiel−Marek, H., Ogrodowczyk-Bobik, M., Tarabura-Dragon, J., Wierzbicka-Chmiel, J., Janyga, S., Marek, B., & Kajdaniuk, D. (2017) · Annales Academiae Medicae Silesiensis · doi:10.18794/aams/66079
Schneider, H. J., Sievers, C., Klotsche, J., Lehnert, H., Wïttchen, H., & Stalla, G. K. (2008) · 10th European Congress of Endocrinology
Endocrinologie de l'obésité : relation avec l'alimentation
Morisset, A. (2008)
An investigation of glucocorticoid and serotonergic systems in human placenta
Bivol, S. (2018) · Griffith Research Online · doi:10.25904/1912/494
Mutagenicity and Carcinogenicity
Kim, H. S., & Lee, B. (2017) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-804239-7.00060-3
D-Aspartic Acid As a Nutritional Aid To Increase Serum Testosterone
Rodgers, L. J. (2014)
Risk Factors of Prostate Cancer in Douala (Cameroon): A Case-Control Study
Engbang, J. P., Beyeme, T. S., Abane, M. E., Essomba, A., & Ngowe, M. N. (2021) · Cancer Science & Research · doi:10.33425/2639-8478.1061
The Effect of Smoking on the Some Trace Elements and Cortisol Hormone Concentration in Serum
Elewi, A. S. (2012) · Al Mustansiriyah Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences · doi:10.32947/ajps.v11i1.236
Dietary Fiber and Breast Cancer Epidemiology
Baghurst, P., & Baghurst, K. I. (2001) · CRC Press eBooks · doi:10.1201/9780203904220.ch5
Koenig, H. G., VanderWeele, T. J., & Peteet, J. R. (2023) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780190088859.003.0034
Koenig, H. G., VanderWeele, T. J., & Peteet, J. R. (2023) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780190088859.003.0021
Koenig, H. G., VanderWeele, T. J., & Peteet, J. R. (2023) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780190088859.003.0007
Koenig, H. G., VanderWeele, T. J., & Peteet, J. R. (2023) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780190088859.003.0005 · Cited by 1
Koenig, H. G., VanderWeele, T. J., & Peteet, J. R. (2023) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780190088859.003.0029
Levin, J. (2023) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780190088859.002.0007
Koenig, H. G., VanderWeele, T. J., & Peteet, J. R. (2023) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780190088859.003.0033
Koenig, H. G., VanderWeele, T. J., & Peteet, J. R. (2023) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780190088859.002.0009
Metadata
- Authors
- Field, A. E., Colditz, G. A., Willett, W. C., Longcope, C., & McKinlay, J. B.
- Affiliations
- Harvard University (US)
- Venue
- The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism
- Publisher
- The Endocrine Society
- Published
- 1994-11
- Volume
- 79
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 1310-1316
- ISSN
- 0021-972X (ISSN-L)
- 1945-7197
- OpenAlex
- W2162133772
- Cited by
- 421
- References
- 44
- Citations by year
- 2025: 1 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 43 · 2022: 8 · 2021: 7 · 2020: 6 · 2019: 5 · 2018: 5 · 2017: 11 · 2016: 9 · 2015: 12 · 2014: 13 · 2013: 12 · 2012: 18
- FWCI
- 7.04
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Hormonal and reproductive studies
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Smoking Behavior and Cessation
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Adrenal Hormones and Disorders
- Keywords
- cigarette smoking, sex hormones, sex hormone-binding globulin, middle-aged men, body mass index, dietary intake, alcohol consumption, cortisol, testosterone, dihydrotestosterone, androstenedione, dehydroepiandrosterone, dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate, age, dietary fat, carbohydrate intake, sex differences in hormone levels
- MeSH terms
- Adrenal Glands, Adult, Aged, Aging, Body Weight, Cross-Sectional Studies, Dehydroepiandrosterone, Diet, Humans, Hydrocortisone, Male, Middle Aged, Obesity, Surveys and Questionnaires, Sex Hormone-Binding Globulin, Smoking, Dihydrotestosterone, Testosterone, Body Mass Index, Dehydroepiandrosterone Sulfate
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
