The DOI matches its Crossref record; 54 of the 54 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Mediterranean Diet, Alzheimer Disease Biomarkers, and Brain Atrophy in Old Age
Open accessAbstract
OBJECTIVE: To determine whether following a Mediterranean-like diet (MeDi) relates to cognitive functions and in vivo biomarkers for Alzheimer disease (AD), we analyzed cross-sectional data from the German DZNE-Longitudinal Cognitive Impairment and Dementia Study. METHOD: The sample (n=512, mean age: 69.5±5.9 years) included 169 cognitively normal participants and subjects at higher AD risk (53 with relatives with AD, 209 with subjective cognitive decline, and 81 with mild cognitive impairment). We defined MeDi adherence based on the Food Frequency Questionnaire. Brain volume outcomes were generated via voxel-based morphometry on T1-MRI and cognitive performance with an extensive neuropsychological battery. AD-related biomarkers (Aβ42/40 ratio, pTau181) in cerebrospinal fluid were assessed in n=226 individuals. We analyzed the associations between MeDi and the outcomes with linear regression models controlling for several covariates. Additionally, we applied hypothesis-driven mediation and moderation analysis. RESULTS: Higher MeDi adherence related to larger mediotemporal gray matter volume (p<0.05 FWE corrected), better memory (β±SE = 0.03 ± 0.02; p=0.038), and less amyloid (Aβ42/40 ratio, β±SE = 0.003 ± 0.001; p=0.008) and pTau181 pathology (β±SE = -1.96±0.68; p=0.004). Mediotemporal volume mediated the association between MeDi and memory (40% indirect mediation). Finally, MeDi favorably moderated the associations between Aβ42/40 ratio, pTau181 and mediotemporal atrophy. Results were consistent correcting for ApoE-ε4 status. CONCLUSION: Our findings corroborate the view of MeDi as a protective factor against memory decline and mediotemporal atrophy. Importantly, they suggest that these associations might be explained by a decrease of amyloidosis and tau-pathology. Longitudinal and dietary intervention studies should further examine this conjecture and its treatment implications.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“In addition to physical activity, emerging evidence suggests that consuming a heart-healthy diet may be associated with reduced dementia risk.129-134”
From 2023 Alzheimer's disease facts and figures (2023) · cites this paper as [134]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
McKhann, G. M., Knopman, D. S., Chertkow, H., Hyman, B. T., Jack, C. R., Kawas, C. H., Klunk, W. E., Koroshetz, W. J., Manly, J. J., Mayeux, R., et al. (2011) · Alzheimer's & Dementia · doi:10.1016/j.jalz.2011.03.005 · Cited by 18,657
Albert, M. S., DeKosky, S. T., Dickson, D., Dubois, B., Feldman, H. H., Fox, N. C., Gamst, A., Holtzman, D. M., Jagust, W. J., Petersen, R. C., et al. (2011) · Alzheimer's & Dementia · doi:10.1016/j.jalz.2011.03.008 · Cited by 10,152
Voxel-Based Morphometry—The Methods
Ashburner, J., & Friston, K. J. (2000) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1006/nimg.2000.0582 · Cited by 8,676
The amyloid hypothesis of Alzheimer's disease at 25 years
Selkoe, D. J., & Hardy, J. (2016) · EMBO Molecular Medicine · doi:10.15252/emmm.201606210 · Cited by 6,164
Adherence to a Mediterranean diet and survival in a Greek population
Trichopoulou, A., Costacou, T., Bamia, C., & Trichopoulos, D. (2003) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa025039 · Cited by 4,397
The physical activity scale for the elderly (PASE): Development and evaluation
Washburn, R. A., Smith, K. W., Jette, A. M., & Janney, C. A. (1993) · Journal of Clinical Epidemiology · doi:10.1016/0895-4356(93)90053-4 · Cited by 3,256
Jessen, F., Amariglio, R. E., van Boxtel, M., Breteler, M., Ceccaldi, M., Chételat, G., Dubois, B., Dufouil, C., Ellis, K. A., van der Flier, W. M., et al. (2014) · Alzheimer's & Dementia · doi:10.1016/j.jalz.2014.01.001 · Cited by 3,014
Self-citationAlbert, M., DeKosky, S. T., Dickson, D. W., Dubois, B., Feldman, H., Fox, N. C., Gamst, A. C., Holtzman, D. M., Jagust, W. J., Petersen, R. C., et al. (2013) · FOCUS The Journal of Lifelong Learning in Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.focus.11.1.96 · Cited by 2,643
Staging of alzheimer's disease-related neurofibrillary changes
Braak, H., & Braak, E. (1995) · Neurobiology of Aging · doi:10.1016/0197-4580(95)00021-6 · Cited by 2,357
D’Hulst, G., Soro-Arnaiz, I., Masschelein, E., Veys, K., Fitzgerald, G., Smeuninx, B., Kim, S., Deldicque, L., Blaauw, B., Carmeliet, P., et al. (2020) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-019-13889-6 · Cited by 2,310
Inflammation as a central mechanism in Alzheimer's disease
Kinney, J. W., Bemiller, S. M., Murtishaw, A. S., Leisgang, A. M., Salazar, A. M., & Lamb, B. T. (2018) · Alzheimer's & Dementia: Translational Research & Clinical Interventions · doi:10.1016/j.trci.2018.06.014 · Cited by 2,253
Oxidative Stress, Synaptic Dysfunction, and Alzheimer’s Disease
Tönnies, E., & Trushina, E. (2017) · Journal of Alzheimer s Disease · doi:10.3233/jad-161088 · Cited by 1,750
Adherence to Mediterranean diet and health status: meta-analysis
Sofi, F., Cesari, F., Abbate, R., Gensini, G. F., & Casini, A. (2008) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.a1344 · Cited by 1,717
Whitepaper: Defining and investigating cognitive reserve, brain reserve, and brain maintenance
Stern, Y., Arenaza‐Urquijo, E. M., Bartrés‐Faz, D., Belleville, S., Cantilon, M., Chetelat, G., Ewers, M., Franzmeier, N., Kempermann, G., Kremen, W. S., et al. (2020) · Alzheimer's & Dementia · doi:10.1016/j.jalz.2018.07.219 · Cited by 1,703
Mediterranean diet and risk for Alzheimer's disease
Scarmeas, N., Stern, Y., Tang, M., Mayeux, R., & Luchsinger, J. A. (2006) · Annals of Neurology · doi:10.1002/ana.20854 · Cited by 1,103
Dinu, M., Pagliai, G., Casini, A., & Sofi, F. (2018) · European Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1038/ejcn.2017.58 · Cited by 1,016
Mediterranean Diet and Age-Related Cognitive Decline: A Randomized Clinical Trial
Valls-Pedret, C., Sala-Vila, A., Serra-Mir, M., Corella, D., de la Torre, R., Martínez-González, M. Á., Martínez-Lapiscina, E. H., Fitó, M., Pérez-Heras, A., Salas-Salvadó, J., et al. (2015) · JAMA Internal Medicine · doi:10.1001/jamainternmed.2015.1668 · Cited by 952
Physical Activity, Diet, and Risk of Alzheimer Disease
Scarmeas, N. (2009) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.2009.1144 · Cited by 916
Health Benefits of the Mediterranean Diet: Metabolic and Molecular Mechanisms
Tosti, V., Bertozzi, B., & Fontana, L. (2018) · The Journals of Gerontology: Series A · doi:10.1093/gerona/glx227 · Cited by 762
Mediterranean Diet and Mild Cognitive Impairment
Scarmeas, N., Stern, Y., Mayeux, R., Manly, J. J., Schupf, N., & Luchsinger, J. A. (2009) · Archives of Neurology · doi:10.1001/archneurol.2008.536 · Cited by 757
Singh, B., Parsaik, A. K., Mielke, M. M., Erwin, P. J., Knopman, D. S., Petersen, R. C., & Roberts, R. O. (2014) · Journal of Alzheimer s Disease · doi:10.3233/jad-130830 · Cited by 700
Implementation of subjective cognitive decline criteria in research studies
Molinuevo, J. L., Rabin, L. A., Amariglio, R., Buckley, R., Dubois, B., Ellis, K. A., Ewers, M., Hampel, H., Klöppel, S., Rami, L., et al. (2017) · Alzheimer's & Dementia · doi:10.1016/j.jalz.2016.09.012 · Cited by 575
Self-citationMediterranean Diet, Cognitive Function, and Dementia: A Systematic Review
Lourida, I., Soni, M., Thompson-Coon, J., Purandare, N., Lang, I. A., Ukoumunne, O. C., & Llewellyn, D. J. (2013) · Epidemiology · doi:10.1097/ede.0b013e3182944410 · Cited by 521
Mediterranean Diet, Cognitive Function, and Dementia: A Systematic Review of the Evidence
Petersson, S. D., & Philippou, E. (2016) · Advances in Nutrition · doi:10.3945/an.116.012138 · Cited by 466
Environmental variability supports chimpanzee behavioural diversity
Kalan, A. K., Kulik, L., Arandjelovic, M., Boesch, C., Haas, F., Dieguez, P., Barratt, C. D., Abwe, E. E., Agbor, A., Angedakin, S., et al. (2020) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-020-18176-3 · Cited by 398
Dietary Patterns, Cognitive Decline, and Dementia: A Systematic Review
van de Rest, O., Berendsen, A. A. M., Haveman‐Nies, A., & de Groot, C. P. G. M. (2015) · Advances in Nutrition · doi:10.3945/an.114.007617 · Cited by 360
Anastasiou, C. A., Yannakoulia, M., Kosmidis, M. H., Dardiotis, E., Hadjigeorgiou, G. M., Sakka, P., Arampatzi, X., Bougea, A. M., Labropoulos, I., & Scarmeas, N. (2017) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0182048 · Cited by 313
The unmapped chemical complexity of our diet
Barabási, A.-Ĺ., Menichetti, G., & Loscalzo, J. (2019) · Nature Food · doi:10.1038/s43016-019-0005-1 · Cited by 301
Wiltfang, J., Esselmann, H., Bibl, M., Hüll, M., Hampel, H. J., Kessler, H., Frölich, L., Schröder, J., Peters, O., Jessen, F., et al. (2006) · Journal of Neurochemistry · doi:10.1111/j.1471-4159.2006.04404.x · Cited by 269
Self-citationVirgin olive oil supplementation and long-term cognition: the Predimed-Navarra randomized, trial
Martínez‐Lapiscina, E. H., Clavero, P., Toledo, E., Julian, B. S., Sánchez‐Tainta, A., Corella, D., Lamuela-Raventós, R. M., Martínez, J. A., & Martínez‐González, M. Á. (2013) · The journal of nutrition health & aging · doi:10.1007/s12603-013-0027-6 · Cited by 267
Mediterranean diet and brain structure in a multiethnic elderly cohort
Gu, Y., Brickman, A. M., Stern, Y., Habeck, C. G., Razlighi, Q. R., Luchsinger, J. A., Manly, J. J., Schupf, N., Mayeux, R. P., & Scarmeas, N. (2015) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.0000000000002121 · Cited by 260
Mediterranean diet and 3-year Alzheimer brain biomarker changes in middle-aged adults
Berti, V., Walters, M., Sterling, J. L., Quinn, C. G., Logue, M., Andrews, R. D., Matthews, D. C., Osorio, R. S., Pupi, A., Vallabhajosula, S., et al. (2018) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.0000000000005527 · Cited by 259
Loughrey, D. G., Lavecchia, S., Brennan, S., Lawlor, B. A., & Kelly, M. E. (2017) · Advances in Nutrition · doi:10.3945/an.117.015495 · Cited by 250
Jessen, F., Spottke, A. E., Boecker, H., Brosseron, F., Büerger, K., Catak, C., Fließbach, K., Franke, C., Fuentes, M., Heneka, M. T., et al. (2018) · Alzheimer s Research & Therapy · doi:10.1186/s13195-017-0314-2 · Cited by 229
Self-citationΨαλτοπούλου, Θ., Kyrozis, A., Stathopoulos, P., Trichopoulos, D., Vassilopoulos, D., & Trichopoulou, A. (2008) · Public Health Nutrition · doi:10.1017/s1368980007001607 · Cited by 184
Mediterranean Diet and Cognitive Function in Older Age
Samieri, C., Grodstein, F., ROSNER, B. A., Kang, J. H., Cook, N. R., Manson, J. E., Buring, J. E., Willett, W. C., & Okereke, O. I. (2013) · Epidemiology · doi:10.1097/ede.0b013e318294a065 · Cited by 179
Kwak, S. S., Washicosky, K. J., Brand, E., von Maydell, D., Aronson, J., Kim, S., Capen, D. E., Cetinbas, M., Sadreyev, R., Ning, S., et al. (2020) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-020-15120-3 · Cited by 151
Mediterranean diet and preserved brain structural connectivity in older subjects
Pelletier, A., Barul, C., Féart, C., Helmer, C., Bernard, C., Periot, O., Dilharreguy, B., Dartigues, J., Michèle Allard, A., Barberger‐Gateau, P., et al. (2015) · Alzheimer s & Dementia · doi:10.1016/j.jalz.2015.06.1888 · Cited by 149
Mediterranean diet, micronutrients and macronutrients, and MRI measures of cortical thickness
Staubo, S. C., Aakre, J. A., Vemuri, P., Syrjanen, J. A., Mielke, M. M., Geda, Y. E., Kremers, W. K., Machulda, M. M., Knopman, D. S., Petersen, R. C., et al. (2017) · Alzheimer's & Dementia · doi:10.1016/j.jalz.2016.06.2359 · Cited by 147
Mosconi, L., Murray, J., Tsui, W. H., Li, Y., Davies, M., Williams, S., Pirraglia, E., Spector, N. C., Osorio, R. S., Glodzik, L., et al. (2014) · The Journal of Prevention of Alzheimer s Disease · doi:10.14283/jpad.2014.17 · Cited by 143
Karstens, A. J., Tussing-Humphreys, L., Zhan, L., Rajendran, N., Cohen, J., Dion, C., Zhou, X. J., & Lamar, M. (2019) · The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1093/ajcn/nqy275 · Cited by 136
Titova, O. E., Ax, E., Brooks, S. J., Sjögren, P., Cederholm, T., Kilander, L., Kullberg, J., Larsson, E., Johansson, L. O. M., Ahlström, H. K., et al. (2013) · Experimental Gerontology · doi:10.1016/j.exger.2013.10.002 · Cited by 134
Minor neuropsychological deficits in patients with subjective cognitive decline
Wolfsgruber, S., Kleineidam, L., Guski, J., Polcher, A. A., Frommann, I., Roeske, S., Spruth, E. J., Franke, C., Priller, J., Kilimann, I., et al. (2020) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.0000000000010142 · Cited by 114
Self-citationExtra-virgin olive oil attenuates amyloid-β and tau pathologies in the brains of TgSwDI mice
Qosa, H., Mohamed, L. A., Batarseh, Y. S., Alqahtani, S., Ibrahim, B. A., LeVine, H., Keller, J. N., & Kaddoumi, A. (2015) · The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry · doi:10.1016/j.jnutbio.2015.07.022 · Cited by 113
Metabolomics and microbiomes as potential tools to evaluate the effects of the Mediterranean diet
Jin, Q., Black, A., Kales, S. N., Vattem, D., Ruiz-Canela, M., & Sotos-Prieto, M. (2019) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu11010207 · Cited by 100
Nöthlings, U., Hoffmann, K., Bergmann, M. M., & Boeing, H. (2003) · Journal of Nutrition · doi:10.1093/jn/133.2.510 · Cited by 95
Rainey‐Smith, S. R., Gu, Y., Gardener, S. L., Doecke, J. D., Villemagne, V. L., Brown, B. M., Taddei, K., Laws, S. M., Sohrabi, H. R., Weinborn, M., et al. (2018) · Translational Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/s41398-018-0293-5 · Cited by 94
Association of Long-Term Diet Quality with Hippocampal Volume: Longitudinal Cohort Study
Akbaraly, T. N., Sexton, C. E., Zsoldos, E., Mahmood, A., Filippini, N., Kerleau, C., Verdier, J., Virtanen, M., Gabelle, A., Ebmeier, K. P., et al. (2018) · The American Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.amjmed.2018.07.001 · Cited by 76
Matthews, D. C., Davies, M., Murray, J., Williams, S., Tsui, W. H., Li, Y., Andrews, R. D., Lukic, A., McHugh, P. F., Vallabhajosula, S., et al. (2014) · Advances in Molecular Imaging · doi:10.4236/ami.2014.44006 · Cited by 70
Wesselman, L. M. P., van Lent, D. M., Schröder, A., van de Rest, O., Peters, O., Menne, F., Fuentes, M., Priller, J., Spruth, E. J., Altenstein, S., et al. (2020) · European Journal of Nutrition · doi:10.1007/s00394-020-02257-6 · Cited by 66
Self-citationMediterranean Diet, Its Components, and Amyloid Imaging Biomarkers
Vassilaki, M. E., Aakre, J. A., Syrjanen, J. A., Mielke, M. M., Geda, Y. E., Kremers, W. K., Machulda, M. M., Alhurani, R. E., Staubo, S. C., Knopman, D. S., et al. (2018) · Journal of Alzheimer s Disease · doi:10.3233/jad-171121 · Cited by 62
Merrill, D. A., Siddarth, P., Raji, C. A., Emerson, N. D., Rueda, F., Ercoli, L. M., Miller, K. J., Lavretsky, H., Harris, L. M., Burggren, A. C., et al. (2016) · American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.jagp.2016.05.007 · Cited by 60
Wagner, M., Grodstein, F., Proust‐Lima, C., & Samieri, C. (2019) · American Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/aje/kwz262 · Cited by 51
Self-citationHill, E., Szoeke, C. E. I., Dennerstein, L., Campbell, S., & Clifton, P. M. (2018) · The Journal of Prevention of Alzheimer s Disease · doi:10.14283/jpad.2018.12 · Cited by 21
Cited by
Sorted by citations
2023 Alzheimer's disease facts and figures
(2023) · Alzheimer's & Dementia · doi:10.1002/alz.13016 · Cited by 3,212
2024 Alzheimer's disease facts and figures
(2024) · Alzheimer's & Dementia · doi:10.1002/alz.13809 · Cited by 2,536
2022 Alzheimer's disease facts and figures
Anonymous (2022) · Alzheimer s & Dementia · doi:10.1002/alz.12638 · Cited by 2,469
Neuroinflammation in Alzheimer disease
Heneka, M. T., van der Flier, W. M., Jessen, F., Hoozemanns, J., Thal, D. R., Boche, D., Brosseron, F., Teunissen, C., Zetterberg, H., Jacobs, A. H., et al. (2025) · Nature Reviews Immunology · doi:10.1038/s41577-024-01104-7 · Cited by 638
Self-citation2025 Alzheimer's disease facts and figures
(2025) · Alzheimer s & Dementia · doi:10.1002/alz.70235 · Cited by 642
Metadata
- Authors
- Ballarini, T., Melo van Lent, D., Brunner, J., Schröder, A., Wolfsgruber, S., Altenstein, S., Brosseron, F., Buerger, K., Dechent, P., Dobisch, L., Düzel, E., Ertl-Wagner, B., Fliessbach, K., Freiesleben, S. D., Frommann, I., Glanz, W., Hauser, D., Haynes, J. D., Heneka, M. T., Janowitz, D., Kilimann, I., Laske, C., Maier, F., Metzger, C. D., Munk, M. H., Perneczky, R., Peters, O., Priller, J., Ramirez, A., Rauchmann, B.-S., Roy, N., Scheffler, K., Schneider, A., Spottke, A., Spruth, E. J., Teipel, S. J., Vukovich, R., Wiltfang, J., Jessen, F., Wagner, M., & on behalf of the DELCODE Study Group
- Affiliations
- The University of Texas at San Antonio Health Science Center (US)
- From the German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (T.B., D.M.v.L., J.B., A.Schröder, S.W., F.B., K.F., I.F., M.T.H., N.R., A. Schneider, A. Spottke, F.J., M.W.), Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, Bonn, Germany; University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio (D.M.v.L.); Department of Neurodegeneration and Geriatric Psychiatry (S.W., F.B., K.F., M.T.H., A. Schneider, M.W.), University Hospital Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (S.A., O.P., J.P.,...
- ORCID
- Ballarini, Tommaso
- Wolfsgruber, Steffen
- Altenstein, Slawek
- Brosseron, Frederic
- Dechent, Peter
- Düzel, Emrah
- Ertl-Wagner, Birgit
- Fliessbach, Klaus
- Freiesleben, Silka Dawn
- Frommann, Ingo
- Glanz, Wenzel
- Haynes, John Dylan
- Heneka, Michael T.
- Janowitz, Daniel
- Kilimann, Ingo
- Laske, Christoph
- Maier, Franziska
- Munk, Matthias H.
- Perneczky, Robert
- Peters, Oliver
- Priller, Josef
- Ramirez, Alfredo
- Rauchmann, Boris-Stephan
- Scheffler, Klaus
- Schneider, Anja
- Spottke, Annika
- Spruth, Eike Jakob
- Teipel, Stefan J.
- Wiltfang, Jens
- Jessen, Frank
- Wagner, Michael
- Venue
- Neurology
- Published
- 2021-06-15
- Volume
- 96
- Issue
- 24
- Pages
- e2920-e2932
- ISSN
- 0028-3878 (ISSN-L)
- 1526-632X
- PMC
- PMC8253566
- OpenAlex
- W3159579165
- Cited by
- 153
- References
- 54
- Citations by year
- 2026: 20 · 2025: 23 · 2024: 39 · 2023: 35 · 2022: 27 · 2021: 9
- FWCI
- 19.71
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Neurology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Kölner Universitäts PublikationsServer (Universität zu Köln) (publishedVersion)
- Kölner Universitäts PublikationsServer (Universität zu Köln) (acceptedVersion)
- Open Repository and Bibliography (University of Luxembourg) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- UCL Discovery (University College London) (submittedVersion)
- DZNE Pub (submittedVersion)
- GoeScholar The Publication Server of the Georg-August-Universität Göttingen (Georg-August-Universität Göttingen) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Funders
- Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung (01EA1809C)
- Deutsches Zentrum für Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Dementia and Cognitive Impairment Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Nutritional Studies and Diet
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Alzheimer's disease research and treatments
- Keywords
- Mediterranean diet, Alzheimer's disease, brain atrophy, memory decline, amyloid-beta, tau pathology, cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers, dietary adherence, cognitive impairment, APOE ε4
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
