Emotional neglect in childhood and cerebral infarction in older age
Open accessAbstract
OBJECTIVE: The purpose of the study was to test the hypothesis that a higher level of childhood adversity is associated with increased risk of cerebral infarction in old age. METHODS: Older participants in a longitudinal clinical-pathologic study rated adverse childhood experiences (e.g., emotional neglect, parental intimidation and violence) on a previously established 16-item scale. During a mean of 3.5 years of follow-up, there were 257 deaths, with 206 brain autopsies (80.2). Number of chronic cerebral infarcts (gross plus microscopic; expressed as 0, 1, or >1) was determined in a uniform neuropathologic examination, which had been completed in 192 individuals at the time of these analyses. RESULTS: Childhood adversity scores ranged from 0 to 31 (mean = 8.3, SD = 6.4). In an ordinal logistic regression model adjusted for age, sex, and education, higher adversity was associated with higher likelihood of chronic cerebral infarction. In analyses of childhood adversity subscales, only emotional neglect was associated with infarction (odds ratio [OR] = 1.097; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.048-1.148). The likelihood of infarction was 2.8 times higher (95% CI 2.0-4.1) in those reporting a moderately high level of childhood emotional neglect (score = 6, 75th percentile) vs a moderately low level of neglect (score = 1, 25th percentile). Results were comparable in subsequent analyses that controlled for lifetime socioeconomic status, cardiovascular risk factors, and an anxiety-related trait. CONCLUSION: Emotional neglect in childhood may be a risk factor for cerebral infarction in old age.
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Emerging epidemiologic evidence strongly supports that ELS/CT is an independent albeit silent risk factor of future chronic cardiovascular risk through various systemic and molecular mechanisms.
“Emerging epidemiologic evidence strongly supports that ELS/CT is an independent albeit silent risk factor of future chronic cardiovascular risk through various systemic and molecular mechanisms (267–272)”
From Developmental Trajectories of Early Life Stress and Trauma: A Narrative Review on Neurobiological Aspects Beyond Stress System Dysregulation (2019) · cites this paper as [268]
The Results report that childhood emotional neglect remained associated with chronic cerebral infarction in older adults after adjustment for cardiovascular risk factors. But the study found no such association for the other childhood-adversity measures, and its discussion says the mechanisms are unclear. It therefore does not establish a broad, mechanistically explained risk of future chronic cardiovascular disease from ELS/CT. (LLM, conf=0.88)
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Self-citation
- Authors
- Wilson, R. S., Boyle, P. A., Levine, S. R., Yu, L., Anagnos, S. E., Buchman, A. S., Schneider, J. A., & Bennett, D. A.
- Affiliations
- Rush University Medical Center (US)
- Venue
- Neurology
- Published
- 2012-10-09
- Volume
- 79
- Issue
- 15
- Pages
- 1534-1539
- ISSN
- 0028-3878 (ISSN-L)
- 1526-632X
- PMC
- PMC3475630
- OpenAlex
- W2054057491
- Semantic Scholar
- bf56c51a13c8e7b83249b512e2547b8b6a9cee58
- Cited by
- 63
- References
- 37
- Citations by year
- 2025: 4 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 8 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 2 · 2019: 5 · 2018: 5 · 2017: 6 · 2016: 3 · 2015: 6 · 2014: 4 · 2013: 3 · 2012: 3
- FWCI
- 5.76
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Neurology (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Illinois Department of Public Health (R01AG17917, R01AG33678, R01AG34374)
- Danone
- National Institutes of Health
- Genentech
- National Institute on Aging (R01AG017917, R01AG024480, R01AG024871, R01AG033678, R01AG034374)
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (R01HL94966)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child Abuse and Trauma
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Dementia and Cognitive Impairment Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Acute Ischemic Stroke Management
- Keywords
- emotional neglect, childhood adversity, adverse childhood experiences, cerebral infarction, chronic cerebral infarction, brain autopsy, older adults, parental violence, socioeconomic status, cardiovascular risk factors
- MeSH terms
- Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Cerebral Infarction, Child, Child Abuse, Emotions, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Humans, Longitudinal Studies, Male, Parents, Risk, Stress, Psychological
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