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Integration of the Physiological Factors Determining Endurance Performance Ability

COYLE, EDWARD F.·1995·Exercise and Sport Sciences Reviews
DOI 10.1249/00003677-199500230-00004
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Abstract

This model is used to understand the interrelationships of the physiological factors determining endurance performance ability during prolonged exercise. Early studies found that marathon runners maintain a velocity in competition that corresponds to the intensity at which lactate begins to accumulate in blood and muscle [7, 8, 19]. From this observation, the concept developed that this blood lactate threshold (LT Vo2) reflects the degree of muscular stress, glycogenolysis and fatigue. However, it was not clear whether the lactate accumulation was a result of cardiovascular limitations linked to oxygen delivery, as reflected by Vo2max [54], as opposed to metabolic factors in the exercising muscle related to the extent to which mitochondrial respiration is disturbed to maintain a given rate of O2 consumption [29, 30]. Two studies were performed to determine whether LT Vo2 was tightly coupled to Vo2max. In one study, endurance-trained ischemic heart disease patients were observed to possess a Vo2max that was 18% below that of normal master athletes who followed the patient's training program and who displayed the same performance ability as the patients. Both the patients and the normal men displayed an identical LT Vo2 (i.e., 37 ml/kg/min) (Fig. 2.5). Therefore, performance was determined primarily by LT Vo2 instead of Vo2max in this situation, albeit with abnormal subjects. In a second study we assembled two groups of competitive cyclists who were identical in Vo2max but differed by having a high or low LT Vo2 (82% vs. 66% Vo2max) [13]. When cycling at 80-88% Vo2max, the low LT group displayed more than a 2-fold higher rate of muscle glycogen use and blood lactate concentration, and as a result were able to exercise only one-half as long as the high LT group. Performance time for a given Vo2 was clearly related to LT Vo2 instead of Vo2max (Fig. 2.6). This is not to say that Vo2max plays no role in determining LT Vo2, because as in heart disease patients, it clearly sets the upper limit. Indeed, we have seen that much of the variance (i.e., 31-72%) in LT Vo2 is related to Vo2max. (Fig. 2.11.) However, improvements in performance after the first 2-3 yr of intense training are associated with improvements in LT Vo2, whereas Vo2max generally increases very little thereafter (Table 2.3). The next question concerns the factors responsible for further increases in LT Vo2 and Performance. Another major factor determining LT Vo2 is the muscle's Aerobic Enzyme Activity or mitochondrial respiratory capacity, as discussed in previous reviews [29, 30].(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

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  • Endurance exercise performance is a function of maximal oxygen uptake, the fractional utilization of maximal oxygen uptake, and exercise efficiency.

    “It is well established that endurance exercise performance is a function of , the fractional utilization of , and exercise efficiency [37, 38].”

    From Dietary Nitrate Supplementation and Exercise Performance (2014) · cites this paper as [37]

  • Assuming other factors remain unchanged, an improvement in muscle efficiency would enable a greater work output for the same energy cost and translate into improved exercise performance.

    “Assuming that the other factors remain unchanged, an improvement in muscle efficiency would be expected to enable a greater work output for the same energy cost and translate into improved exercise performance [37, 38].”

    From Dietary Nitrate Supplementation and Exercise Performance (2014) · cites this paper as [37]

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Authors
COYLE, E. F.
Affiliations
The University of Texas at Austin (US)
Corresponding author
COYLE, EDWARD F.
ORCID
COYLE, EDWARD F.
Venue
Exercise and Sport Sciences Reviews
Publisher
Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Published
1995
Volume
23
Pages
25???64
ISSN
0091-6331 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1249/00003677-199500230-00004
OpenAlex
W1994875454
Cited by
424
References
0
Citations by year
2026: 11 · 2025: 12 · 2024: 14 · 2023: 10 · 2022: 12 · 2021: 15 · 2020: 24 · 2019: 21 · 2018: 21 · 2017: 7 · 2016: 11 · 2015: 27 · 2014: 12 · 2013: 26 · 2012: 19
FWCI
10.01
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Locations
  • Exercise and Sport Sciences Reviews (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Complementary and alternative medicine › Cardiovascular and exercise physiology
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Orthopedics and Sports Medicine › Sports Performance and Training
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cell Biology › Muscle metabolism and nutrition
Keywords
endurance performance, lactate threshold, VO2max, prolonged exercise, competitive cyclists, fatigue, training effects, oxygen delivery, mitochondrial respiration, endurance athletes, performance prediction model
MeSH terms
Bicycling, Humans, Lactates, Models, Theoretical, Physical Endurance, Running, Sports, Exercise, Walking, Exercise Tolerance, Muscle, Skeletal, Muscle Fibers, Skeletal

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