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Cited by 1,082Cardiovascular and exercise physiologySports Performance and TrainingExercise and Physiological Responses

Short‐term sprint interval versus traditional endurance training: similar initial adaptations in human skeletal muscle and exercise performance

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Gibala, Martin J., Little, Jonathan P., Van Essen, Martin, Wilkin, Geoffrey P., Burgomaster, Kirsten A., Safdar, Adeel, Raha, Sandeep, Tarnopolsky, Mark A.·2006·The Journal of Physiology
DOI 10.1113/jphysiol.2006.112094PMC PMC1995688
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Abstract

Brief, intense exercise training may induce metabolic and performance adaptations comparable to traditional endurance training. However, no study has directly compared these diverse training strategies in a standardized manner. We therefore examined changes in exercise capacity and molecular and cellular adaptations in skeletal muscle after low volume sprint-interval training (SIT) and high volume endurance training (ET). Sixteen active men (21 +/- 1 years, ) were assigned to a SIT or ET group (n = 8 each) and performed six training sessions over 14 days. Each session consisted of either four to six repeats of 30 s 'all out' cycling at approximately 250% with 4 min recovery (SIT) or 90-120 min continuous cycling at approximately 65% (ET). Training time commitment over 2 weeks was approximately 2.5 h for SIT and approximately 10.5 h for ET, and total training volume was approximately 90% lower for SIT versus ET ( approximately 630 versus approximately 6500 kJ). Training decreased the time required to complete 50 and 750 kJ cycling time trials, with no difference between groups (main effects, P </= 0.05). Biopsy samples obtained before and after training revealed similar increases in muscle oxidative capacity, as reflected by the maximal activity of cytochrome c oxidase (COX) and COX subunits II and IV protein content (main effects, P </= 0.05), but COX II and IV mRNAs were unchanged. Training-induced increases in muscle buffering capacity and glycogen content were also similar between groups (main effects, P </= 0.05). Given the large difference in training volume, these data demonstrate that SIT is a time-efficient strategy to induce rapid adaptations in skeletal muscle and exercise performance that are comparable to ET in young active men.

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  • Prior studies directly comparing several weeks of Wingate-based SIT to MICT reported similar improvements in cardiorespiratory fitness, skeletal muscle oxidative capacity, and insulin sensitivity based on oral glucose tolerance tests.

    “Studies that have directly compared several weeks of Wingate-based SIT to moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) have reported similar improvements in cardiorespiratory fitness [10], skeletal muscle oxidative capacity [10,11] and insulin sensitivity based on oral glucose tolerance tests [12,13].”

    From Twelve weeks of sprint interval training improves indices of cardiometabolic health similar to traditional endurance training despite a five-fold lower exercise volume and time commitment (2016) · cites this paper as [11]

    The Results report similar improvements in cycling time-trial performance and skeletal muscle oxidative capacity after two weeks of SIT or endurance training. They do not report an improvement in cardiorespiratory fitness; the Discussion identifies changes in cardiorespiratory function as a topic for future study. The insulin-sensitivity claim is cited to other sources, not this paper. (LLM, conf=0.88)

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  • Short duration high intensity interval training may result in similar adaptations to typical endurance exercise.

    “recent studies show that short duration high intensity interval training may in fact result in similar adaptations to typical endurance exercise [6]”

    From New strategies in sport nutrition to increase exercise performance (2016) · cites this paper as [6]

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Authors
Gibala, M. J., Little, J. P., Van Essen, M., Wilkin, G. P., Burgomaster, K. A., Safdar, A., Raha, S., & Tarnopolsky, M. A.
Affiliations
McMaster University (CA)
ORCID
Venue
The Journal of Physiology
Publisher
Wiley
Published
2006-09-06
Volume
575
Issue
3
Pages
901-911
ISSN
  • 0022-3751 (ISSN-L)
  • 1469-7793
DOI
10.1113/jphysiol.2006.112094
PMC
PMC1995688
OpenAlex
W2159211602
Cited by
1,082
References
66
Citations by year
2026: 30 · 2025: 28 · 2024: 49 · 2023: 39 · 2022: 58 · 2021: 63 · 2020: 54 · 2019: 75 · 2018: 87 · 2017: 83 · 2016: 91 · 2015: 78 · 2014: 79 · 2013: 72 · 2012: 45
FWCI
49.79
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor (vor)
Locations
  • The Journal of Physiology (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Complementary and alternative medicine › Cardiovascular and exercise physiology
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Orthopedics and Sports Medicine › Sports Performance and Training
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Rehabilitation › Exercise and Physiological Responses
Keywords
sprint interval training, endurance training, skeletal muscle adaptation, exercise capacity, time trial performance, cytochrome c oxidase, oxidative capacity, muscle buffering capacity, muscle glycogen, training volume, all-out cycling, short-term training
MeSH terms
Adaptation, Physiological, Adult, Electron Transport Complex IV, Energy Metabolism, Glycogen, Humans, Male, Physical Education and Training, Physical Endurance, Time Factors, Exercise, Exercise Tolerance, Muscle, Skeletal

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