Cited by 970Exercise and Physiological ResponsesCardiovascular and exercise physiologyMuscle metabolism and nutrition

The DOI matches its Crossref record.

Muscle function after exercise-induced muscle damage and rapid adaptation

CLARKSON, PRISCILLA M., NOSAKA, KAZUNORI, BRAUN, BARRY·1992·Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise

DOI 10.1249/00005768-199205000-00004

Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

This brief review focuses on the time course of changes in muscle function and other correlates of muscle damage following maximal effort eccentric actions of the forearm flexor muscles. Data on 109 subjects are presented to describe an accurate time course of these changes and attempt to establish relationships among the measures. Peak soreness is experienced 2-3 d postexercise while peak swelling occurs 5 d postexercise. Maximal strength and the ability to fully flex the arm show the greatest decrements immediately after exercise with a linear restoration of these functions over the next 10 d. Blood creatine kinase (CK) levels increase precipitously at 2 d after exercise which is also the time when spontaneous muscle shortening is most pronounced. Whether the similarity in the time courses of some of these responses implies that they are caused by similar factors remains to be determined. Performance of one bout of eccentric exercise produces an adaptation such that the muscle is more resistant to damage from a subsequent bout of exercise. The length of the adaptation differs among the measures such that when the exercise regimens are separated by 6 wk, all measures show a reduction in response on the second, compared with the first, bout. After 10 wk, only CK and muscle shortening show a reduction in response. After 6 months only the CK response is reduced. A combination of cellular factors and neurological factors may be involved in the adaptation process.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1249/00005768-199205000-00004

Cites

Statistics

Recomputing p-values needs the paper’s full text.

Claims the paper makes

This paper’s full text isn’t openly available, so its claims and self-check weren’t run. The registry and citation checks still apply.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Sorted by citations

Items 401–500 of 967

Motor performance during and following acute alcohol intoxication in healthy non-alcoholic subjects
Poulsen, M. B., Jakobsen, J. C., Aagaard, N. K., et al. (2007) · European Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1007/s00421-007-0511-y · Cited by 28
“1985), but evidence of less muscle damage following a repeated bout has been reported for periods as long as 6 months (Clarkson et al. 1992).”
Background
Protection against muscle damage in competitive sports players: the effect of the immunomodulator AM3
Córdova, A., Martín, J. F., Reyes, E., & Álvarez‐Mon, M. (2004) · Journal of Sports Sciences · doi:10.1080/02640410410001716742 · Cited by 28
“…damage include increased serum creatine kinase activity (Abalnave and Thompson, 1993; Sorichter et al., 1995), decreased force generation capacity (Clarkson et al., 1992), inflammatory cell infiltration visible by light microscopy (Armstrong, 1986), and disruption of Z-disks and cell membrane…”
BackgroundInfluential
Pathophysiology of acute exercise-induced muscular injury: clinical implications.
Page, P. (1995) · PubMed · Cited by 28
Post-exercise branched chain amino acid supplementation does not affect recovery markers following three consecutive high intensity resistance training bouts compared to carbohydrate supplementation
Kephart, W. C., Mumford, P. W., McCloskey, A. E., Holland, A. M., Shake, J. J., Mobley, C. B., Jagodinsky, A. E., Weimar, W. H., Oliver, G. D., Young, K. C., et al. (2016) · Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition · doi:10.1186/s12970-016-0142-y · Cited by 35
“and this can be linked to diminished performance [1–4].”
Differentiating swelling and hypertrophy through indirect assessment of muscle damage in untrained men following repeated bouts of resistance exercise
Buckner, S. L., Dankel, S. J., Mattocks, K. T., Jessee, M. B., Mouser, J. G., Counts, B. R., Laurentino, G. C., & Loenneke, J. P. (2016) · European Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1007/s00421-016-3521-9 · Cited by 31
“The majority of muscle damage studies have used comparable protocols, incorporating a large number of eccentric muscle actions to purposefully induce a muscle damage response (Clarkson et al. 1992; Nosaka and Newton 2002a; Chen et al. 2012).”
Background
Tissue flossing: a new short-term compression therapy for reducing exercise-induced delayed-onset muscle soreness. A randomized, controlled and double-blind pilot crossover trial
Prill, R., Schulz, R., & Michel, S. C. A. (2019) · The Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness · doi:10.23736/s0022-4707.18.08701-7 · Cited by 28
Isokinetic eccentric exercise as a model to induce and reproduce pathophysiological alterations related to delayed onset muscle soreness
Lund, H., Vestergaard‐Poulsen, P., Kanstrup, I., et al. (1998) · Scandinavian Journal of Medicine and Science in Sports · doi:10.1111/j.1600-0838.1998.tb00194.x · Cited by 28
Contralateral repeated bout effect after eccentric exercise on muscular activation
Tsuchiya, Y., Nakazato, K., & Ochi, E. (2018) · European Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1007/s00421-018-3933-9 · Cited by 27
Alterations in coagulatory and fibrinolytic systems following an ultra-marathon
Kupchak, B. R., Volk, B. M., Kunces, L. J., Kraemer, W. J., Hoffman, M. D., Phinney, S. D., & Volek, J. S. (2013) · European Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1007/s00421-013-2709-5 · Cited by 27
Changes in infraspinatus cross-sectional area and shoulder range of motion with repetitive eccentric external rotator contraction
Oyama, S., Myers, J. B., Blackburn, J. T., & Colman, E. C. (2010) · Clinical Biomechanics · doi:10.1016/j.clinbiomech.2010.09.018 · Cited by 27
“Persistence of increased CSA 24-hour after the exercise may be explained by the accumulation of inflammatory agents, such as creatine kinase and neutrophils, which continues to increase 2–5 days after exercise (Clarkson et al., 1992; Paulsen et al., 2009).”
BackgroundResultInfluential
SLC30A8 Nonsynonymous Variant Is Associated With Recovery Following Exercise and Skeletal Muscle Size and Strength
Sprouse, C., Gordish‐Dressman, H., Suer, F. E., Lipof, J. S., Moeckel‐Cole, S., Patel, R. R., Adham, K., Larkin, J. S., Hubal, M. J., Kearns, A. K., et al. (2013) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/db13-1150 · Cited by 27
“Therefore, we included the following two different exercise cohorts: 1) Eccentric Muscle Damage (EMD) cohort allowed us to evaluate the effects of acute resistance exercise to exhaustion (16,17); and 2) the Functional Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms Associated with Muscle Size and Strength Study (FAMuSS) provided eval…”
MethodSelf-citation
Effects of Eccentric Exercise on Joint Stiffness and Muscle Connectin (Titin) Isoform in the Rat Hindlimb
Ochi, E., Nakazato, K., & Ishii, N. (2007) · The Journal of Physiological Sciences · doi:10.2170/physiolsci.rp008806 · Cited by 27
Taurine Supplementation Reduces Eccentric Exercise-Induced Delayed Onset Muscle Soreness in Young Men
Ra, S.-G., Akazawa, N., Choi, Y., Matsubara, T., Oikawa, S., Kumagai, H., Tanahashi, K., Ohmori, H., & Maeda, S. (2015) · Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-15126-7_61 · Cited by 26
Changes in motor unit characteristics after eccentric elbow flexor exercise
Piitulainen, H., Holobar, A., & Avela, J. (2010) · Scandinavian Journal of Medicine and Science in Sports · doi:10.1111/j.1600-0838.2010.01228.x · Cited by 26
“, 1987), muscle pain (Armstrong, 1984), muscle swelling (Clarkson et al., 1992), muscle protein degradation and efflux to circulation due to increased permeability of the muscle fiber sarcolemma (Clarkson et al.”
Background
Effects of blood flow restriction during moderate-intensity eccentric knee extensions
Behringer, M., Heinke, L. N., Leyendecker, J., & Mester, J. (2017) · The Journal of Physiological Sciences · doi:10.1007/s12576-017-0568-2 · Cited by 26
Effect of a Selected Amino Acid Mixture on the Recovery from Muscle Fatigue during and after Eccentric Contraction Exercise Training
Sugita, M., Ohtani, M., Ishii, N., Maruyama, K., & Kobayashi, K. (2003) · Bioscience Biotechnology and Biochemistry · doi:10.1271/bbb.67.372 · Cited by 26
Muscular adaptation and strength during the early phase of eccentric training: influence of the training frequency
Sorichter, S., Mair, J., Koller, A., Sečník, P., Parrák, V., Haid, C., LLER, E. M., & Puschendorf, B. (1997) · Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise · doi:10.1097/00005768-199712000-00015 · Cited by 26
Early metabolic changes measured by 1H MRS in healthy and dystrophic muscle after injury
Xu, S., Pratt, S. J. P., Spangenburg, E. E., & Lovering, R. M. (2012) · Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.00530.2012 · Cited by 25
“Several direct and indirect indicators of skeletal muscle damage have been observed, including disruption of contractile tissue, cellular accumulation of calcium, delayed onset muscle soreness, a prolonged reduction in muscular strength and range of motion, and an increase in the appearance of muscle proteins in the b…”
Background
Influence Of Baseline Muscle Strength And Size Measures On Training Adaptations In Resistance-Trained Men
Mangine, G. T., Gonzalez, A. M., Townsend, J. R., Wells, A. J., Beyer, K. S., Miramonti, A. A., Ratamess, N. A., Stout, J. R., & Hoffman, J. R. (2018) · International journal of exercise science · doi:10.70252/ugmj3157 · Cited by 25
“These stresses cause varying degrees of muscle damage, resulting in a recovery process that culminates with an adaptation of muscle fibers becoming desensitized to the aggravating stimulus (3, 10, 41).”
Background
Eccentric Resistance Training in Youth: Perspectives for Long-Term Athletic Development
Drury, B., Ratel, S., Clark, C. C. T., Fernandes, J. F. T., Moran, J., & Behm, D. G. (2019) · Journal of Functional Morphology and Kinesiology · doi:10.3390/jfmk4040070 · Cited by 31
“The beneficial effects conveyed by the RBE is characterized by factors such as faster recovery of muscle strength and ROM, reduced increases in muscle proteins in the blood, and less significant development of swelling and muscle soreness [152,155].”
Background
Comparison among three different intensities of eccentric contractions of the elbow flexors resulting in the same strength loss at one day post-exercise for changes in indirect muscle damage markers
Chen, T. C., Huang, G.-L., Hsieh, C.-C., Tseng, K., Tseng, W., Chou, T., & Nosaka, K. (2019) · European Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1007/s00421-019-04272-w · Cited by 25
“It should be noted that the decrease in MVC immediately post-exercise is also affected by neuromuscular fatigue, thus is a resultant of a combination of muscle damage and fatigue (Clarkson et al. 1992; Lavender and Nosaka 2006; Damas et al. 2016).”
Self-citation
Delayed onset muscle soreness induced by eccentric isokinetic exercise
Croisier, J., Camus, G., Forthomme, B., Maquet, D., Vanderthommen, M., & Crielaard, J. M. (2003) · Isokinetics and Exercise Science · doi:10.3233/ies-2003-0130 · Cited by 25
“A pronounced degree of interindividual dispersion [27] was also noted in males, suggesting the existence of high and low responders [13] in that gender group only.”
Low-intensity eccentric contractions of the knee extensors and flexors protect against muscle damage
Lin, M.-J., Chen, T. C., Chen, H.-L., Wu, B.-H., & Nosaka, K. (2015) · Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism · doi:10.1139/apnm-2015-0107 · Cited by 26
Self-citation
Quadriceps concentric and eccentric exercise 1: Changes in contractile and electrical activity following eccentric and concentric exercise
Hamlin, M. J., & Quigley, B. M. (2001) · Journal of science and medicine in sport · doi:10.1016/s1440-2440(01)80011-6 · Cited by 26
CK‐MM autoantibodies: Prevalence, immune complexes, and effect on CK clearance
Warren, G. L., O’Farrell, L., Rogers, K., Billings, K. M., Sayers, S. P., & Clarkson, P. M. (2006) · Muscle & Nerve · doi:10.1002/mus.20594 · Cited by 25
Self-citation
Repeated maximal eccentric actions causes long-lasting disturbances in movement control
Bottas, R., Linnamo, V., Nicol, C., et al. (2004) · European Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1007/s00421-004-1253-8 · Cited by 25
“It is also associated with muscle swelling and soreness, reduced range of motion, and performance decrements that may all last for several days (Komi and Rusko 1974; Clarkson et al. 1992).”
Background
The effects of eccentric contraction on myofibrillar proteins in rat skeletal muscle
Kanzaki, K., Kuratani, M., Mishima, T., Matsunaga, S., Yanaka, N., Usui, S., & Wada, M. (2010) · European Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1007/s00421-010-1579-3 · Cited by 24
“Following ECC, there is often muscle damage that is characterized by ultrastructural disruption (Gibala et al. 1995), degradation of cytoskeletal proteins (Zhang et al. 2008), inflammation (Fielding et al. 1993) and increased serum creatine kinase activity ( Clarkson et al. 1992 ).”
Background
Protection from Muscle Damage in the Absence of Changes in Muscle Mechanical Behavior
Hoffman, B. W., Cresswell, A. G., Carroll, T. J., et al. (2016) · Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise · doi:10.1249/mss.0000000000000920 · Cited by 24
Local high-frequency vibration therapy following eccentric exercises reduces muscle soreness perception and posture alterations in elite athletes
Iodice, P., Ripari, P., & Pezzulo, G. (2018) · European Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1007/s00421-018-4026-5 · Cited by 24
Elevation of myostatin and FOXOs in prolonged muscular impairment induced by eccentric contractions in rat medial gastrocnemius muscle
Ochi, E., Hirose, T., Hiranuma, K., Min, S.-K., Ishii, N., & Nakazato, K. (2009) · Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.00278.2009 · Cited by 25
Effects of hydrogen bathing on exercise-induced oxidative stress and delayed-onset muscle soreness
Kawamura, T., Gando, Y., Takahashi, M., Hara, R., Suzuki, K., & Muraoka, I. (2016) · 体力科學 · doi:10.7600/jspfsm.65.297 · Cited by 26
The decrease in electrically evoked force production is delayed by a previous bout of stretch–shortening cycle exercise
Kamandulis, S., Skurvydas, A., Masiulis, N., Mamkus, G., & Westerblad, H. (2009) · Acta Physiologica · doi:10.1111/j.1748-1716.2009.02041.x · Cited by 24
“Consequences of exercise with a large amount of eccentric contractions are muscle swelling (Nosaka & Clarkson 1996) and stiffness (Clarkson et al. 1992, Reich et al. 2000) as well as changes in muscle fibre ultrastructural integrity (Fridén et al. 1984).”
Background
Effect of altitude training on serum creatine kinase activity and serum cortisol concentration in triathletes
Wilber, R. L., Drake, S. D., Hesson, J. L., et al. (2000) · European Journal of Applied Physiology and Occupational Physiology · doi:10.1007/pl00013787 · Cited by 24
“Elevations in serum CK activity have been associated with skeletal muscle microtrauma (Z-disk streaming and/or smearing) and delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS), (Clarkson and Tremblay 1988; Ebbeling and Clarkson 1989; Clarkson et al. 1992; Nosaka and Clarkson 1995).”
Background
Training‐induced apoptosis in skeletal muscle
Boffi, F., Cittar, J., Balskus, G., Muriel, M. G., & Desmarás, E. A. (2002) · Equine Veterinary Journal · doi:10.1111/j.2042-3306.2002.tb05432.x · Cited by 23
Effectiveness of Fish Oil Supplementation in Attenuating Exercise-Induced Muscle Damage in Women During Midfollicular and Midluteal Menstrual Phases
McKinley-Barnard, S. K., Andre, T. L., Gann, J. J., Hwang, P. S., & Willoughby, D. (2017) · Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research · doi:10.1519/jsc.0000000000002247 · Cited by 25
“Numerous studies have determined the 3 symptoms of EIMD, some of which include soreness (7 , 20), decrease in range of motion of the 4 affected limb (7, 8), decrease in muscular strength (7, 12), leakage of myofiber proteins into the 5 blood, particularly creatine kinase (CK) (5-7), and structural damage and inflammat…”
Background
Effects of a 12-Week Modified German Volume Training Program on Muscle Strength and Hypertrophy—A Pilot Study
Hackett, D. A., Amirthalingam, T., Mitchell, L., Mavros, Y., Wilson, G. C., & Halaki, M. (2018) · Sports · doi:10.3390/sports6010007 · Cited by 25
“With adequate post-training recovery, these factors will promote anabolic responses that lead to enhancing muscle mass [13] and possibly strength [14,15].”
Background
Return to Basketball Play Following COVID-19 Lockdown
Bourdas, D. I., Zacharakis, E. D., Travlos, A. K., & Souglis, A. G. (2021) · Sports · doi:10.3390/sports9060081 · Cited by 23
Sensory Mapping of the Upper Trapezius Muscle in Relation to Consecutive Sessions of Eccentric Exercise
Kawczyński, A., Samani, A., Fernández‐de‐las‐Peñas, C., et al. (2011) · The Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research · doi:10.1519/jsc.0b013e318234e589 · Cited by 23
“The mechanisms underlying adaptation to repeated bout effect are categorized as neural, mechanical, and cellular (11).”
Pain Catastrophizing and Fear of Pain Predict the Experience of Pain in Body Parts Not Targeted by a Delayed-Onset Muscle Soreness Procedure
Niederstrasser, N. G., Meulders, A., Meulders, M., Slepian, P. M., Vlaeyen, J. W. S., & Sullivan, M. J. L. (2015) · Journal of Pain · doi:10.1016/j.jpain.2015.07.008 · Cited by 23
Prior Eccentric Exercise Augments Muscle Pain and Perception of Effort During Cycling Exercise
Black, C. D., & Dobson, R. M. (2013) · Clinical Journal of Pain · doi:10.1097/ajp.0b013e318262ddfe · Cited by 23
High Body Mass Index Is Associated with the Extent of Muscle Damage after Eccentric Exercise
Kim, J., & So, W.-Y. (2018) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph15071378 · Cited by 23
Preconditioning contractions prevent the delayed onset of myofibrillar dysfunction after damaging eccentric contractions
Yamada, R., Himori, K., Tatebayashi, D., Ashida, Y., Ikezaki, K., Miyata, H., Kanzaki, K., Wada, M., Westerblad, H., & Yamada, T. (2018) · The Journal of Physiology · doi:10.1113/jp276026 · Cited by 23
“It is well known that a repeated bout of ECCs results in faster recovery of isometric force than in the initial bout (Clarkson et al. 1992).”
Background
Self-care behaviors for muscle pain
Dannecker, E. A., Gagnon, C. M., Jump, R. L., et al. (2004) · Journal of Pain · doi:10.1016/j.jpain.2004.09.003 · Cited by 23
Cellular, Molecular, and Metabolic Basis of Muscle Fatigue
Fitts, R. H. (1995) · Comprehensive physiology · doi:10.1002/j.2040-4603.1995.tb01723.x · Cited by 23
“Recently, numerous reviews, have focused on the relationship between muscle injury and performance (8, 60), and the relationship between fatigue and injury has been discussed in detail (111).”
Assessment of Urolithin A effects on muscle endurance, strength, inflammation, oxidative stress, and protein metabolism in male athletes with resistance training: an 8-week randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study
Zhao, H., Zhu, H., Yun, H., Liu, J., Song, G., Teng, J., Zou, D., Lu, N., & Liu, C. (2024) · Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition · doi:10.1080/15502783.2024.2419388 · Cited by 26
“However, prolonged high-intensity exercise can lead to muscle fatigue and damage [2,3], limiting an athletes’ performance and recovery capacity [4].”
Background
Competition Intensity and Fatigue in Elite Fencing
Turner, A. N., Kilduff, L. P., Marshall, G. J. G., Phillips, J. G., Noto, A., Buttigieg, C., Gondek, M. B., Hills, F. A., & Dimitriou, L. (2017) · The Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research · doi:10.1519/jsc.0000000000001758 · Cited by 30
“Assuming that muscle damage is present, then CMJ height may not be indic ative of this, or there was limited damage on account of the repeat bout effect respons e (7,46) and further indication of the highly trained status of the tested athletes.”
Background
Rate of Upper Extremity Injury in High School Baseball Pitchers Who Played Catcher as a Secondary Position
Hibberd, E. E., Oyama, S., & Myers, J. B. (2018) · Journal of Athletic Training · doi:10.4085/1062-6050-322-16 · Cited by 22
“The effects of repetitive eccentric contractions are well documented and include sarcomere damage,(13) shortened connective tissue, passive muscle stiffness, and decreased range of motion (ROM).(14,15) Baseball pitchers who play catcher as a”
Background
Prunus mume Extract Ameliorates Exercise-Induced Fatigue in Trained Rats
Kim, S.-Y., Park, S.-H., Lee, H.-N., & Park, T. (2008) · Journal of Medicinal Food · doi:10.1089/jmf.2007.0097 · Cited by 22
“44,45 In this study, serum CK activity was not influenced by the consumption of P. mume extract.”
Effects of Hydration State and Resistance Exercise on Markers of Muscle Damage
Yamamoto, L. M., Judelson, D. A., Farrell, M. J., Lee, E. C., Armstrong, L. E., Casa, D. J., Kraemer, W. J., Volek, J. S., & Maresh, C. M. (2008) · The Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research · doi:10.1519/jsc.0b013e3181739403 · Cited by 21
“Normally, CK concentrations peak 4–6 days post-exercise (5,8,34).”
Background
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and delayed onset muscle soreness in light of the impaired blink and stretch reflexes – watch out for Piezo2
Sonkodi, B., & Hortobágyi, T. (2022) · Open Medicine · doi:10.1515/med-2022-0444 · Cited by 22
“Note that increased Wnt signaling stimulates the phosphatidylinositol [4,5]bis-phosphate (PIP2) formation [58], while PIP2 is known to be involved in the control of Piezo2-dependent mechanotransduction [59].”
Background
Investigation of Fatigue, Delayed-Onset Muscle Soreness, and Spectral-Based Cepstral Measurements in Healthy Speakers after Neuromuscular Electrical Stimulation
Fowler, L. P., Awan, S. N., Gorham-Rowan, M. M., & Morris, R. (2011) · Annals of Otology Rhinology & Laryngology · doi:10.1177/000348941112001003 · Cited by 22
A2 Milk Enhances Dynamic Muscle Function Following Repeated Sprint Exercise, a Possible Ergogenic Aid for A1-Protein Intolerant Athletes?
Kirk, B., Mitchell, J., Jackson, M. J., Amirabdollahian, F., Alizadehkhaiyat, O., & Clifford, T. (2017) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu9020094 · Cited by 35
“These symptoms generally peak 48 h after exercise [15] but can persist for 5–7 days [16,17].”
Background
Effects of partial immobilization after eccentric exercise on recovery from muscle damage.
Zainuddin, Z., Hope, P., Newton, M. J., Sacco, P., & Nosaka, K. (2005) · PubMed Central · Cited by 21
Self-citation
Effect of the Repetitions-In-Reserve Resistance Training Strategy on Bench Press Performance, Perceived Effort, and Recovery in Trained Men
Mangine, G. T., Serafini, P. R., Stratton, M. T., Olmos, A. A., VanDusseldorp, T. A., & Feito, Y. (2022) · Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research · doi:10.1519/jsc.0000000000004158 · Cited by 22
No differential effects of divergent isocaloric supplements on signaling for muscle protein turnover during recovery from muscle-damaging eccentric exercise
Rahbek, S. K., Farup, J., de Paoli, F. V., & Vissing, K. (2015) · Amino Acids · doi:10.1007/s00726-014-1907-8 · Cited by 21
“In conclusion, divergent dietary supplementation types did not produce differences in signaling for muscle turnover during recovery from muscle-damaging exercise.”
Background
Does Compression Sensory Axonopathy in the Proximal Tibia Contribute to Noncontact Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury in a Causative Way?—A New Theory for the Injury Mechanism
Sonkodi, B., Bardoni, R., Hangody, L. R., Radak, Z. O., & Berkes, I. (2021) · Life · doi:10.3390/life11050443 · Cited by 23
“We suggest that proprioception could be impaired under these ASR moments on a supraspinal, spinal or even peripheral level [1,27,73].”
Background
Muscle Shear Elastic Modulus Provides an Indication of the Protection Conferred by the Repeated Bout Effect
Chalchat, É., Siracusa, J., Bourrilhon, C., Charlot, K., Martin, V., & García-Vicencio, S. (2022) · Frontiers in Physiology · doi:10.3389/fphys.2022.877485 · Cited by 20
Myofibrillar protein synthesis rates are increased in chronically exercised skeletal muscle despite decreased anabolic signaling
Langer, H. T., West, D. W. D., Senden, J. M., Spuler, S., van Loon, L. J. C., & Baar, K. (2022) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-022-11621-x · Cited by 21
The effect of curcumin supplementation on delayed‐onset muscle soreness, inflammation, muscle strength, and joint flexibility: A systematic review and dose–response meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials
Beba, M., Mohammadi, H., Clark, C. C. T., & Djafarian, K. (2022) · Phytotherapy Research · doi:10.1002/ptr.7477 · Cited by 25
Should We Void Lactate in the Pathophysiology of Delayed Onset Muscle Soreness? Not So Fast! Let’s See a Neurocentric View!
Sonkodi, B. (2022) · Metabolites · doi:10.3390/metabo12090857 · Cited by 23
“DOMS is defined as delayed onset of soreness, muscle stiffness, swelling, loss of force-generating capacity, reduced joint range of motion, and diminished proprioceptive function [2].”
Background
Relationship of glomerular filtration rate and serum CK activity after resistance exercise in women
Machado, M., Zini, É. N., Valadão, S. D., et al. (2011) · International Urology and Nephrology · doi:10.1007/s11255-011-9963-4 · Cited by 21
“[24] postulated that subjects may have different clearance velocities.”
Background
Joint-Specific Power Loss after Eccentric Exercise
Elmer, S. J., & Martin, J. C. (2010) · Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise · doi:10.1249/mss.0b013e3181d60ead · Cited by 21
Intense Basketball-Simulated Exercise Induces Muscle Damage in Men With Elevated Anterior Compartment Pressure
Kostopoulos, N., Fatouros, I. G., Siatitsas, I., et al. (2004) · The Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research · doi:10.1519/11351.1 · Cited by 21
“Exercise-induced muscle trauma causes a significant increment of CK, LDH, and myoglobin, which are considered as muscle-damage indicators, especially after eccentric exercise (4, 24, 25).”
Background
Recovery of Rowing Sprint Performance after High Intensity Strength Training
Gee, T., Olsen, P., Fritzdorf, S., White, D. J., Golby, J., & Thompson, K. (2012) · International Journal of Sports Science & Coaching · doi:10.1260/1747-9541.7.1.109 · Cited by 21
“Limb girths were unaffected following strength training, thus indicating that the muscle damage was not severe enough to induce oedema and swelling which is associated with the inflammatory response that occurs as a result of muscle damage [44].”
Background
Ursolic acid supplementation decreases markers of skeletal muscle damage during resistance training in resistance-trained men: a pilot study
Bang, H. S., Seo, D. Y., Chung, Y. M., Kim, D. H., Lee, S., Lee, S. R., Kwak, H., Kim, T. N., Kim, M., Oh, K.-M., et al. (2017) · Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology · doi:10.4196/kjpp.2017.21.6.651 · Cited by 21
“It has been postulated that resistance exercise–induced chronic skeletal muscle damage in men contributes to the triggering of skeletal muscle dysfunction via increase in markers of skeletal muscle damage [6].”
Background
Monitoring exercise-induced muscle damage indicators and myoelectric activity during two weeks of knee extensor exercise training in young and old men
Heckel, Z., Atlasz, T., Tékus, É., Kőszegi, T., Laczkó, J., & Váczi, M. (2019) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0224866 · Cited by 21
“Studies of the repeated bout effect usually measured effects at 24 hours after bout 1 and bout 2 with the recovery of a few days or weeks between exercise bouts [18,40,52,53].”
Background
Changes in plasma hydroxyproline and plasma cell-free DNA concentrations after higher- versus lower-intensity eccentric cycling
Mavropalias, G., Calapre, L., Morici, M., Koeda, T., Poon, W. C. K., Barley, O. R., Gray, E. S., Blazevich, A. J., & Nosaka, K. (2021) · European Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1007/s00421-020-04593-1 · Cited by 20
Self-citation
Early explosive force reduction associated with exercise-induced muscle damage
López, D. G., de Paz, J. A., Jiménez-Jiménez, R., Bresciani, G., Teixeira, F. D. S., Herrero, A. J., Alvear-Órdenes, I., & González‐Gallego, J. (2006) · Journal of Physiology and Biochemistry · doi:10.1007/bf03168465 · Cited by 21
Adaptive changes in motor control of rhythmic movement after maximal eccentric actions
Bottas, R., Nicol, C., Komi, P. V., & Linnamo, V. (2007) · Journal of Electromyography and Kinesiology · doi:10.1016/j.jelekin.2007.09.001 · Cited by 22
“This could be explained by difference in exercise model or by the level of subjects fitness (Clarkson et al., 1992) as it has been suggested that the variability in CK response is partly related to the variability in exercise-induced muscle damage (e.”
Background
The Effect of Eccentric Exercise-Induced Delayed-Onset Muscle Soreness on Positioning Sense and Shooting Percentage in Wheelchair Basketball Players
Serinken, M. A., Gençoğlu, C., & Kayatekin, B. M. (2013) · Balkan Medical Journal · doi:10.5152/balkanmedj.2013.007 · Cited by 21
“In contrast to isometric and concentric exercises, eccentric muscle activity is much more effective mechanically; however, it may expose the muscle to soreness (2, 3).”
Background
Mechanical and magnetic resonance imaging changes following eccentric or concentric exertions
Sesto, M. E., Chourasia, A. O., Block, W. F., et al. (2008) · Clinical Biomechanics · doi:10.1016/j.clinbiomech.2008.03.068 · Cited by 21
“These findings are consistent with observations that tissue disruption and muscle injury occur frequently during high levels of eccentric activity and are often associated with muscle weakness and soreness occurring 24–48 h following activity (Clarkson et al., 1992; Ebbeling and Clarkson, 1990; Friden et al., 1983).”
Background
Intermittent hypobaric hypoxia combined with aerobic exercise improves muscle morphofunctional recovery after eccentric exercise to exhaustion in trained rats
Rizo‐Roca, D., Ríos-Kristjánsson, J. G., Núñez-Espinosa, C. A., Alves, E. S., Gonçalves, I. O., Magalhães, J., Ascensão, A. A. M. R., Pagés, T., Viscor, G., & Torrella, J. R. (2016) · Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.00501.2016 · Cited by 21
Effect of static magnetic therapy on recovery from delayed onset muscle soreness
Mikesky, A. E., & Hayden, M. W. (2005) · Physical Therapy in Sport · doi:10.1016/j.ptsp.2005.08.004 · Cited by 21
Neuromuscular electrical stimulation via the peroneal nerve is superior to graduated compression socks in reducing perceived muscle soreness following intense intermittent endurance exercise
Ferguson, R. A., Dodd, M., & Paley, V. R. (2014) · European Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1007/s00421-014-2943-5 · Cited by 20
“these events contribute to a prolonged loss of muscular force which returns to baseline in a linear fashion over a period of days (clarkson et al. 1992; Jones et al. 1986).”
Blood Flow After Exercise-Induced Muscle Damage
Selkow, N. M., Herman, D. C., Liu, Z., Hertel, J. N., Hart, J. M., & SALIBA, S. A. (2015) · Journal of Athletic Training · doi:10.4085/1062-6050-49.6.01 · Cited by 20
Does high muscle temperature accentuate skeletal muscle injury from eccentric exercise?
Castellani, J. W., Zambraski, E. J., Sawka, M. N., & Urso, M. L. (2016) · Physiological Reports · doi:10.14814/phy2.12777 · Cited by 21
“kinase, and myoglobin (Clarkson and Tremblay 1988; Clarkson et al. 1992; Clarkson and Hubal 2002) were also unaffected by an increase in local muscle temperature.”
BackgroundMethodInfluential
Regional adaptation of collagen in skeletal muscle to repeated bouts of strenuous eccentric exercise
Takagi, R., Ogasawara, R., Tsutaki, A., et al. (2016) · Pflügers Archiv - European Journal of Physiology · doi:10.1007/s00424-016-1860-3 · Cited by 20
“Notably, the injured muscle acquires injury tolerance from several days until several months after the first injury, where the symptoms of muscle injury are not as severe after the second bout compared with that after the first bout when two successive bouts of ECs are applied [6, 7, 28].”
Background
Impact of loading and work rest intervals on muscle micro-trauma
Smith, T. T. G., & Gallagher, S. (2018) · International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics · doi:10.1016/j.ergon.2018.03.002 · Cited by 20
“The symptoms of such micro-trauma include muscle soreness and tenderness, known as delayed-onset muscle soreness (DOMS) (Schwane et al., 1983; Ebbeling and Clarkson, 1989; Jones et al., 1989; Clarkson et al., 1992; Cleak and Eston, 1992).”
Background
Matching initial torque with different stimulation parameters influences skeletal muscle fatigue
Bickel, C. S., Gregory, C. M., & Azuero, A. (2012) · The Journal of Rehabilitation Research and Development · doi:10.1682/jrrd.2011.02.0030 · Cited by 20
“Given our a priori hypothesis that the lowHz protocol would result in less soreness, the lowHz protocol was included during the first session in an effort to prevent the influence of a repeat-bout effect on muscle soreness [16].”
Method
Time-course bicep tissue bio-impedance changes throughout a fatiguing exercise protocol
Freeborn, T. J., & Fu, B. (2019) · Medical Engineering & Physics · doi:10.1016/j.medengphy.2019.04.006 · Cited by 20
Upper limb mechanical changes following short duration repetitive eccentric exertions
Sesto, M. E., Radwin, R. G., Best, T. M., & Richard, T. G. (2004) · Clinical Biomechanics · doi:10.1016/j.clinbiomech.2004.06.005 · Cited by 20
“Quantification of muscle stiffness has predominantly involved the evaluation of resting joint angle and the amount of force required to move a joint through its complete range while the muscle is passive (Clarkson et al., 1992; Howell et al., 1993).”
Background
Muscle and Limb Mechanics
Tsianos, G. A., & Loeb, G. E. (2017) · Comprehensive physiology · doi:10.1002/cphy.c160009 · Cited by 19
Australian snakebite myotoxicity (ASP-23)
Johnston, C. I., & Isbister, G. K. (2020) · Clinical Toxicology · doi:10.1080/15563650.2020.1836377 · Cited by 19
“The lack of specificity and delay in the rise of serum CK concentrations after muscle injury in the order of hours to days [24], makes the early diagnosis of myotoxicity particularly problematic.”
Background
Factors Modulating the Priming Response to Resistance and Stretch-Shortening Cycle Exercise Stimuli
Holmberg, P. M., Harrison, P. W., Jenkins, D. G., & Kelly, V. G. (2022) · Strength and conditioning journal · doi:10.1519/ssc.0000000000000728 · Cited by 19
“Notably, the initial muscle damage response following exercise bouts involving rapid lengthening actions is characterized by increased muscle swelling and stiffness (6,24,25,42).”
Background
Efeitos do esteróide anabólico nandrolona sobre o músculo sóleo de ratos submetidos a treinamento físico através de natação: estudo histológico, histoquímico e morfométrico
Filho, J. C. S. C., Vanderlei, L. C. M., Camargo, R. C. T., Francischeti, F. A., Belangero, W. D., & Pai, V. D. (2006) · Revista Brasileira de Medicina do Esporte · doi:10.1590/s1517-86922006000500004 · Cited by 19
“Intense physical exercises produce lesions in the skeletal muscles, accompanied by pain, edema and fatigue, especially during activities in which exocentric forces and high peaks of contractions are demanded(28-31).”
Background
Sensory level electrical muscle stimulation: effect on markers of muscle injury
McLoughlin, T. J., Valier, A. R. S., Brolinson, P. G., et al. (2004) · British Journal of Sports Medicine · doi:10.1136/bjsm.2003.007401 · Cited by 19
“Clarkson et al 13 suggested that a decrease in relaxed arm angle immediately after injurious exercise can be attributed to shortening of the connective tissue or muscle fibres themselves.”
Background
Appearance of complex branched fibers following repetitive muscle trauma in normal rat skeletal muscle
Tamaki, T., & Akatsuka, A. (1994) · The Anatomical Record · doi:10.1002/ar.1092400208 · Cited by 18
Acute muscle damage as a stimulus for training-induced gains in strength
Folland, J. P., CHONG, J., COPEMAN, E. M., & Jones, D. A. (2001) · Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise · doi:10.1097/00005768-200107000-00019 · Cited by 20
“There is little doubt that muscle soreness and CK release are caused by eccentric exercise, yet these parameters do not seem to be directly related to structural damage of skeletal muscle tissue (5).”
Background
Effects of Velocity on Electromyographic, Mechanomyographic, and Torque Responses to Repeated Eccentric Muscle Actions
Hill, E. C., Housh, T. J., Camic, C. L., et al. (2015) · The Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research · doi:10.1519/jsc.0000000000001266 · Cited by 18
“These mechanisms (muscle damage) are consistent with the fatigue-related decreases in MVIC torque and muscle activation (EMG AMP) found in this study, whereas the effect of muscle damage on motor unit firing rate is unclear (1,11,33,43-46,50).”
Background
4-week eicosapentaenoic acid-rich fish oil supplementation partially protects muscular damage following eccentric contractions
Tsuchiya, Y., Ueda, H., Yanagimoto, K., et al. (2021) · Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition · doi:10.1186/s12970-021-00411-x · Cited by 18
“The increase in CK following ECCs is attributable to microdamage to muscle fibers [3, 5].”
Background
Prophylactic Effects of Sauna on Delayed-Onset Muscle Soreness of the Wrist Extensors
Khamwong, P., Paungmali, A., Pirunsan, U., et al. (2015) · Asian Journal of Sports Medicine · doi:10.5812/asjsm.6(2)2015.25549 · Cited by 18
“However EIMD may present with varied responses across different muscle groups (1, 14-16).”
Background
Short Intervals Between Sets and Individuality of Muscle Damage Response
Machado, M., Pereira, R., & Willardson, J. M. (2011) · The Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research · doi:10.1519/jsc.0b013e318243fdb5 · Cited by 18
“This condition, referred to as exercise-induced hyperCKemia, is characterized by considerable heterogeneity because prior studies have demonstrated large interindividual variability in blood CK elevations after exercise (3,9,11,15).”
Background
Effects of kinesio taping on anaerobic power recovery after eccentric exercise
Szymura, J., Maciejczyk, M., Więcek, M., Maciejczyk, G., Wiecha, S., Ochałek, K., Kępińska, M., & Szyguła, Z. (2016) · Research in Sports Medicine · doi:10.1080/15438627.2016.1202827 · Cited by 19
Differential Effects of Different Warm-up Protocols on Repeated Sprints-Induced Muscle Damage
Chen, C., Ye, X., Wang, Y.-T., Chen, Y., & Tseng, W. (2017) · The Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research · doi:10.1519/jsc.0000000000002310 · Cited by 18
“ing the increased muscle thickness and pennation angle, it is likely due to the swollen muscle (8) after the sprints.”
Background
Effects of Ibuprofen Topical Gel on Muscle Soreness
Hyldahl, R. D., Keadle, J., ROUZIER, P. A., Pearl, D. K., & Clarkson, P. M. (2010) · Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise · doi:10.1249/mss.0b013e3181b95db2 · Cited by 18
Self-citation
Changes in plasma enzyme activity after intramuscular injection of bupivacaine into the human biceps brachii
Nosaka, K., & Sakamoto, K. (1999) · Acta Physiologica Scandinavica · doi:10.1046/j.1365-201x.1999.00612.x · Cited by 18
Self-citation
Electromyographic Adaptations Elicited by Submaximal Exercise in Those Naive to and in Those Adapted to Eccentric Exercise: A descriptive Report
LaStayo, P. C., Pifer, J., Pierotti, D. J., et al. (2008) · The Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research · doi:10.1519/jsc.0b013e31816a5825 · Cited by 18
“, a ramping up of high forces without muscle injury or soreness via eccentric muscle activity (3,15,18,21).”
Background
Tensiomyography parameters and serum biomarkers after eccentric exercise of the elbow flexors
Harmsen, J., Franz, A., Mayer, C. U., et al. (2018) · European Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1007/s00421-018-4043-4 · Cited by 18
Downhill running: a model of exercise hyperemia in the rat spinotrapezius muscle
Kano, Y., Padilla, D. J., Hageman, K. S., et al. (2004) · Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.00334.2004 · Cited by 18
CD3+/CD56+ NKT-like Cells Show Imbalanced Control Immediately after Exercise in Delayed-Onset Muscle Soreness
Sonkodi, B., Pállinger, É., Radovits, T., Csulak, E., Shenker-Horváth, K., Kopper, B., Buzás, E. I., Sydó, N., & Merkely, B. P. (2022) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms231911117 · Cited by 17
“Delayed-onset muscle soreness (DOMS) is characterized by a delayed onset of soreness, muscle stiffness, swelling, loss of force-generating capacity, reduced joint range of motion, and decreased proprioceptive function [1].”
Background

Authors: CLARKSON, P. M., NOSAKA, K., & BRAUN, B.
Affiliations: University of Massachusetts Amherst (US)
ORCID: NOSAKA, KAZUNORI
BRAUN, BARRY
Venue: Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise
Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Published: 1992-05
Volume: 24
Issue: 5
Pages: 512???520
ISSN: 0195-9131 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1249/00005768-199205000-00004
OpenAlex: W2093625864
Cited by: 970
References: 0
Citations by year: 2026: 10 · 2025: 21 · 2024: 25 · 2023: 18 · 2022: 34 · 2021: 35 · 2020: 28 · 2019: 38 · 2018: 32 · 2017: 43 · 2016: 33 · 2015: 41 · 2014: 38 · 2013: 49 · 2012: 45
FWCI: 13.63
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
ScholarWorks@UMassAmherst (University of Massachusetts Amherst) (submittedVersion)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology (medical) › Exercise and Physiological Responses
Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology (medical) › Cardiovascular and exercise physiology
Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Muscle metabolism and nutrition
Keywords: exercise-induced muscle damage, eccentric exercise, forearm flexor muscles, muscle soreness, muscle swelling, maximal strength, creatine kinase, muscle shortening, recovery time course, neuromuscular factors
MeSH terms: Adaptation, Physiological, Creatine Kinase, Humans, Movement, Muscle Contraction, Muscles, Tensile Strength, Time Factors, Exercise

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

Muscle function after exercise-induced muscle damage and rapid adaptation

Abstract

Overview

Integrity signals

Verification

Claims the paper makes

Claims other papers make about this one

Citations

Cited by

Related

Metadata

Record

About these checks