L-Citrulline Reduces Time to Exhaustion and Insulin Response to a Graded Exercise Test
Abstract
PURPOSE: Oral L-arginine supplementation has been shown to improve treadmill time to exhaustion and resting insulin sensitivity in individuals with peripheral vascular disease and type 2 diabetes, respectively. Furthermore, L-citrulline supplementation increases plasma L-arginine concentration to a level higher than that achieved by oral L-arginine supplementation. The purpose of this investigation was therefore to determine whether time to exhaustion during a graded treadmill test, as well as plasma insulin and glucose profiles, could be improved with oral L-citrulline supplementation in healthy individuals. METHODS: Seventeen young (18-34 yr), healthy male and female volunteers performed incremental treadmill tests to exhaustion following either placebo or citrulline ingestion (3 g 3 h before test, or 9 g over 24 h prior to testing). RESULTS: Steady-state submaximal respiratory exchange ratio and VO2max were not significantly different between placebo and citrulline trials. Treadmill time to exhaustion was lower following citrulline ingestion than during placebo trials (888.2 +/- 17.7 vs 895.4 +/- 17.9 s; P < 0.05; N = 17), which was accompanied by a higher rating of perceived exertion during exercise in the L-citrulline compared with the placebo condition. There was also an increase in plasma insulin in response to this high-intensity exercise in the placebo, but not in the L-citrulline, condition (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: It can be concluded that, contrary to the hypothesized improvement in treadmill time following L-citrulline ingestion, there is a reduction in treadmill time following L-citrulline ingestion over the 24 h prior to testing. The normal response of increased plasma insulin following high-intensity exercise is also not present in the L-citrulline condition, indicating that L-citrulline ingestion may reduce nitric oxide-mediated pancreatic insulin secretion or increased insulin clearance.
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Citrulline supplementation does not increase the plasma concentration of nitrate/nitrite.
“without increasing the plasma concentration of nitrate/nitrite (Hickner et al. 2006: Bailey et al. 2015).”
From Oral nitrate and citrulline decrease blood pressure and increase vascular conductance in young adults: a potential therapy for heart failure (2016) · cites this paper as Hickner et al. 2006
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- Authors
- HICKNER, R. C., TANNER, C. J., EVANS, C. A., CLARK, P. D., HADDOCK, A., FORTUNE, C., GEDDIS, H., WAUGH, W., & MCCAMMON, M.
- Affiliations
- East Carolina University (US)
- ORCID
- HICKNER, ROBERT C.
- Venue
- Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise
- Published
- 2006-04
- Volume
- 38
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 660-666
- ISSN
- 0195-9131 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2050457522
- Cited by
- 77
- References
- 30
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 8 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 2 · 2020: 7 · 2019: 8 · 2018: 6 · 2017: 3 · 2016: 7 · 2015: 5 · 2014: 4 · 2013: 2 · 2012: 4
- FWCI
- 0.55
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cell Biology › Muscle metabolism and nutrition
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Complementary and alternative medicine › Cardiovascular and exercise physiology
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Rehabilitation › Exercise and Physiological Responses
- Keywords
- L-citrulline supplementation, L-arginine, time to exhaustion, graded treadmill exercise, plasma insulin response, high-intensity exercise, nitric oxide, insulin secretion, insulin clearance, rating of perceived exertion, VO2max, respiratory exchange ratio
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Analysis of Variance, Blood Glucose, Citrulline, Exercise Test, Female, Humans, Insulin, Male, Plasma Volume, Anaerobic Threshold
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