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Effects of Sleep Deprivation on Acute Skeletal Muscle Recovery after Exercise
Abstract
Purpose: Sleep is considered essential for muscle recovery, mainly due to its effect on hormone secretion. Total sleep deprivation or restriction is known to alter not only blood hormones but also cytokines that might be related to skeletal muscle recovery. This study aimed to evaluate whether total sleep deprivation after eccentric exercise-induced muscle damage (EEIMD) modifies the profiles of blood hormones and cytokines. Methods: In two separate conditions, with a crossover and randomized model, 10 men (age, 24.5 ± 2.9 yr; body mass index, 22.7 ± 2.3 kg·m −2 ) performed a unilateral EEIMD protocol that comprised 240 eccentric contractions of the knee extensor muscles using an isokinetic dynamometer. In one condition, a “muscle damage” protocol was followed by 48 h of total sleep deprivation and 12 h of normal sleep (DEPRIVATION). In the other condition, the same muscle damage protocol was conducted, followed by three nights of regular sleep (SLEEP). Isometric muscle voluntary contraction tests and blood samples were collected serially throughout the protocol and analyzed for creatine kinase, free and total testosterone, IGF-1, cortisol, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin (IL)-1beta, IL-6, receptor antagonist of IL-1 and IL-10. Results: Muscle voluntary contraction and serum creatine kinase increased equally over the study period in both conditions. From the cytokines evaluated, only IL-6 increased in DEPRIVATION. No differences were detected in testosterone levels between conditions, but IGF-1, cortisol, and cortisol/total testosterone ratio were higher in DEPRIVATION. Conclusions: Total sleep deprivation after EEIMD does not delay muscle strength recovery but modifies inflammatory and hormonal responses.
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Sleep loss and lower sleep duration are associated with lower morning, afternoon, and 24-h testosterone.
“When epidemiological and interventional studies are considered collectively, sleep loss and lower sleep duration are associated with lower morning, afternoon and 24-h testosterone; as well as higher afternoon, but not morning or 24-h cortisol.”
From Sleep, testosterone and cortisol balance, and ageing men (2022) · cites this paper as [42]
Only 3 studies have examined 24-h testosterone, and of these, one was confounded by strenuous exercise.
“Another limitation is that only 3 studies have examined 24-h testosterone, and of these, one [42] was confounded by strenuous exercise, which is known to increase testosterone [52].”
From Sleep, testosterone and cortisol balance, and ageing men (2022) · cites this paper as [42]
All in-laboratory studies when collectively examined show that sleep restriction decreases testosterone.
“All studies when collectively examined show that sleep restriction decreases testosterone.”
From Sleep, testosterone and cortisol balance, and ageing men (2022) · cites this paper as [42]
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Sleep and circadian regulation of cortisol: A short review
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Metadata
- Authors
- DÁTTILO, M., ANTUNES, H. K. M., GALBES, N. M. N., MÔNICO-NETO, M., DE SÁ SOUZA, H., DOS SANTOS QUARESMA, M. V. L., LEE, K. S., UGRINOWITSCH, C., TUFIK, S., & DE MELLO, M. T.
- Affiliations
- Department of Psychobiology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, BRAZIL
- Universidade Federal de São Paulo (BR)
- Universidade de São Paulo (BR)
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (BR)
- ORCID
- Venue
- Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise
- Published
- 2019-08-30
- Volume
- 52
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 507-514
- ISSN
- 0195-9131 (ISSN-L)
- 1530-0315
- OpenAlex
- W2970397035
- Cited by
- 75
- References
- 12
- Citations by year
- 2026: 6 · 2025: 17 · 2024: 19 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 8 · 2021: 12 · 2020: 5
- FWCI
- 4.38
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology (medical) › Exercise and Physiological Responses
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Sleep and Work-Related Fatigue
- Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Muscle metabolism and nutrition
- Keywords
- sleep deprivation, skeletal muscle recovery, cytokines, inflammation, testosterone, insulin-like growth factor I, cortisol, interleukin-6, creatine kinase, muscle strength, knee extensors
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Creatine Kinase, Humans, Hydrocortisone, Knee, Male, Muscle Contraction, Sleep Deprivation, Testosterone, Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha, Exercise, Muscle, Skeletal, Cross-Over Studies, Receptors, Interleukin-6, Muscle Strength, Young Adult
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