Assessing Physical Activity Using Wearable Monitors: Measures of Physical Activity
Open accessAbstract
BACKGROUND: Physical activity may be defined broadly as "all bodily actions produced by the contraction of skeletal muscle that increase energy expenditure above basal level." Physical activity is a complex construct that can be classified into major categories qualitatively, quantitatively, or contextually. The quantitative assessment of physical activity using wearable monitors is grounded in the measurement of energy expenditure. Six main categories of wearable monitors are currently available to investigators: pedometers, load transducers/foot-contact monitors, accelerometers, HR monitors, combined accelerometer and HR monitors, and multiple sensor systems. BEST PRACTICES: Currently available monitors are capable of measuring total physical activity as well as components of physical activity that play important roles in human health. The selection of wearable monitors for measuring physical activity will depend on the physical activity component of interest, study objectives, characteristics of the target population, and study feasibility in terms of cost and logistics. FUTURE DIRECTIONS: Future development of sensors and analytical techniques for assessing physical activity should focus on the dynamic ranges of sensors, comparability for sensor output across manufacturers, and the application of advanced modeling techniques to predict energy expenditure and classify physical activities. New approaches for qualitatively classifying physical activity should be validated using direct observation or recording. New sensors and methods for quantitatively assessing physical activity should be validated in laboratory and free-living populations using criterion methods of calorimetry or doubly labeled water.
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“cal, and mediolateral), which measure frequency, intensity, and duration of PA and sleep (6).”
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BackgroundSelf-citationASSESSING AND INCREASING PHYSICAL ACTIVITY
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“It should be noted, however, that although HRMs may allow precise measures of heart rate throughout the day, heart rate may be affected by variables other than activity (Butte et al., 2012).”
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BackgroundPolar Vantage and Oura Physical Activity and Sleep Trackers: Validation and Comparison Study
Henriksen, A., Svartdal, F., Grimsgaard, S., Hartvigsen, G., & Hopstock, L. A. (2022) · JMIR Formative Research · doi:10.2196/27248 · Cited by 54 · see citing works
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Assessment of walking, running, and jumping movement features by using the inertial measurement unit
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MethodHuman Performance Optimization Metrics
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“Energy balance (23,81,87,104) Food/activity records Medium/low Medium/low C, L U, R, C Low Ability to capture quantitative information Recall bias”
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Akzelerometrie zur Erfassung körperlicher Aktivität
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Accelerometer Cut Points for Physical Activity Assessment of Older Adults with Parkinson’s Disease
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“5 cm, 19 g) easy-to-wear device that yields valid estimates of physical activity in controlled and free-living environments (20, 21).”
BackgroundLifeSnaps, a 4-month multi-modal dataset capturing unobtrusive snapshots of our lives in the wild
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Accuracy of three Android-based pedometer applications in laboratory and free-living settings
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“Age (y) 1916 50 (13) 816 51 (13) 1100 50 (14) 0.”
Validation of the SenseWear Pro3 Armband Using an Incremental Exercise Test
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Validity of the Omron pedometer and the actigraph step count function in preschoolers
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Physical activity assessment tools for use in overweight and obese children
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“…a small (4.6 9 3.3 9 1.5 cm, 19 g), easy-towear device that yields valid estimates of physical activity in controlled and free-living environments (Butte et al., 2012; Strath et al., 2012) and also offers the possibility of recording and scoring sleep–wake patterns during the night (Cellini et…”
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Prehabilitation Interventions for Older Adults
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Harnessing the Potential of Wearable Activity Trackers for Heart Failure Self-Care
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Real-Time Monitoring in Home-Based Cardiac Rehabilitation Using Wrist-Worn Heart Rate Devices
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“Home-based e-health programs are being increasingly used due to the proliferation of wearable devices and portable medical sensors which are seamlessly integrated into the daily lives of users to monitor vital signs and physical activity [1].”
BackgroundThe examination of mental toughness, sleep, mood and injury rates in an Arctic ultra‐marathon
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ResultA Comparison of Accelerometer Accuracy in Older Adults
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Reliable assessment of physical activity in disease
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“Wearable health devices that monitor PA can take the form of an accelerometer, a pedometer, a heart rate monitor, or a combination of these mechanisms [9-12].”
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“For example, the total average times reported for bicycling, swimming and weight lifting (activities not well captured by the accelerometer) (23) was 9 min ( 15 min), with 38% of participants reporting no time spent in these activities over the last year.”
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- Authors
- BUTTE, N. F., EKELUND, U., & WESTERTERP, K. R.
- Affiliations
- Agricultural Research Service (US)
- University of Cambridge (GB)
- Maastricht University (NL)
- Venue
- Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise
- Published
- 2012-01
- Volume
- 44
- Issue
- 1S
- Pages
- S5-S12
- ISSN
- 0195-9131 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2329242152
- Cited by
- 359
- References
- 51
- Citations by year
- 2026: 10 · 2025: 18 · 2024: 14 · 2023: 14 · 2022: 14 · 2021: 16 · 2020: 29 · 2019: 23 · 2018: 26 · 2017: 39 · 2016: 38 · 2015: 32 · 2014: 39 · 2013: 29 · 2012: 16
- FWCI
- 2.88
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- Licence
- other-oa
- Locations
- Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Research Publications (Maastricht University) (publishedVersion, other-oa)
- Research Publications (Maastricht University) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Physical Activity and Health
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition › Context-Aware Activity Recognition Systems
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › General Health Professions › Mobile Health and mHealth Applications
- Keywords
- physical activity measurement, wearable monitors, accelerometer, pedometers, heart rate monitors, energy expenditure, physical activity classification, sensor validation, doubly labeled water, calorimetry
- MeSH terms
- Energy Metabolism, Humans, Motor Activity, Exercise, Monitoring, Ambulatory
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